CN104844382A - Organic compound fertilizer suitable for growth of asparagus lettuce - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic compound fertilizer suitable for the growth of lettuce. The parts by weight of the components in the organic compound fertilizer are as follows: 15-20 parts of straw mushroom residue, 7-10 parts of pine forest surface soil particles, corn 5-8 parts of straw granules, 3-4 parts of silkworm sand granules, 0.1-0.2 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.2-0.3 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.0-1.15 parts of urea, 0.01-0.02 parts of sodium borate, 3-5 parts of plant ash, 60 to 80 parts of distilled water; the organic compound fertilizer among the present invention is a solid-liquid combined fertilizer, and the fermented organic compound fertilizer provides necessary nitrogen fertilizer and potash fertilizer for lettuce in the growth process, and the solid components in the organic compound fertilizer are enriched In the soil surface layer of the plant root system, the liquid component is used to wash away and dilute it, and then drain it to the plant root system. At the same time, the liquid component itself contains a large amount of absorbable nutrients. The overall fertilization process is simple and convenient, and comprehensive for all resources. use.

Description

A kind of organic compound fertilizer suitable for lettuce growth

technical field

The invention relates to the production field of organic compound fertilizers for crops, in particular to an organic compound fertilizer suitable for lettuce growth.

Background technique

Lettuce is a variety of Lactuca genus Lactuca in the Asteraceae family that can form fleshy tender stems. The stems above the ground are edible, the skin of the stem is white and green, the flesh is crisp and tender, the young stems are emerald green, and turn white-green when mature; rich in nutrients and have high edible value; lettuce has strong adaptability and can be cultivated in spring and autumn or overwintering , mainly cultivated in spring and harvested in summer.

During the growth process of lettuce, fertilization is required at multiple stages; for fertilization during the growth process, solid organic compound fertilizers cannot be directly spread into the soil, and the solid fertilizer on the soil surface is not conducive to the absorption of lettuce plant roots, which in turn leads to lettuce plant growth. However, in contrast, most of the liquid organic compound fertilizer is water, and its nutrient content is low. In order to meet the needs of a single plant, a large amount of liquid organic compound fertilizer is sprayed during the operation; fertilization It takes a long time and the work efficiency is low. .

Contents of the invention

In view of the above existing problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an organic compound fertilizer suitable for lettuce growth that is rich in nutrient elements, convenient for plants to absorb, and improves the efficiency of fertilization.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is as follows: an organic compound fertilizer suitable for the growth of lettuce, the parts by weight of each component in the described organic compound fertilizer are as follows: 15-20 parts of straw mushroom residue, pine forest 7-10 parts of surface soil granules, 5-8 parts of corn stalk granules, 3-4 parts of silkworm sand granules, 0.1-0.2 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.2-0.3 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.0-1.15 parts of urea, 0.01-0 parts of sodium borate 0.02 parts, plant ash 3-5 parts, distilled water 60-80 parts.

The mushroom residue of the straw mushroom in the present invention is the residual culture medium after the straw mushroom is cultivated, and the solid particles with a particle diameter of 1-2 cm are obtained after crushing and drying.

The surface soil particles of the pine forest in the present invention are solid particles of 1-2 cm obtained from the soil surface layer with a thickness of 1-30 cm in the pine forest and crushed.

The silkworm excrement granule of the present invention is a mixture of silkworm droppings, silkworm sloughs and residual mulberry leaf debris collected after silkworms are in the mature stage.

The corn stalk particles of the present invention are solid particles of 1-2 cm obtained after the corn stalks are pulverized.

The preferred parts by weight of each component in the organic compound fertilizer of the present invention are as follows: 17 parts of straw mushroom slag, 7 parts of pine forest surface soil particles, 7 parts of corn stalk particles, 3.5 parts of silkworm excrement particles, 0.15 parts of potassium sulfate 0.25 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.1 parts of urea, 0.016 parts of sodium borate, 4 parts of plant ash, and 80 parts of distilled water.

The production method suitable for lettuce growth organic compound fertilizer of the present invention is as follows:

1) Collect the harvested straw mushroom culture medium and put it into a grinder for crushing operation. During the crushing operation, it is dried by high-temperature airflow. The moisture content of the dried straw mushroom residue does not exceed 10%, obtained the straw mushroom slag particles with the specified particle size after being screened by the sieve;

2) Select a pine forest with a tree age of more than 5 years, manually excavate the surface soil containing pine needles and leaves on the surface, and the depth of the excavation is 1-30cm, dry the mixture of the collected surface soil and pine needles and leaves for 2-3 days, let Afterwards, it is put into a pulverizer for crushing operation to obtain pine forest surface soil particles of specified particle size;

3) Expose the harvested corn stalks to the sun for 10 to 12 days to obtain corn stalks with a moisture content of no more than 10%, and put them into a pulverizer for crushing to obtain corn stalks with a specified particle size;

4) The collected silkworm excrement is dried in the sun. The quality after drying is 70% to 80% of the mass before drying. The dried product is crushed to obtain silkworm excrement particles;

5) Take the straw mushroom slag particles in step 1) of the formula, the pine forest surface soil particles in step 2), the corn straw particles in step 3) and the silkworm excrement particles in step 4) of the corresponding quality in the formula and put them into the mixture. The mixing operation is carried out in the feeder to obtain organic mixed fertilizer;

6) Put the organic mixed fertilizer in step 5) and distilled water of corresponding quality into the biogas digester for anaerobic fermentation for 30-45 days, filter after the fermentation is completed, collect liquid waste and solid waste respectively, and obtain organic compound fertilizer liquid and organic fertilizer Compound fertilizer residues;

7) Put the organic compound fertilizer liquid and organic compound fertilizer residue obtained in step 6) into a high-temperature sterilizer in an aerobic environment for sterilization, and sterilize for 2 to 3 hours;

8) adding corresponding quality potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea and sodium borate to the sterilized organic compound fertilizer liquid obtained in step 7), to obtain a liquid component of an organic compound fertilizer suitable for lettuce growth;

9) Dry the sterilized organic compound fertilizer residue obtained in step), and mix it with plant ash of corresponding quality after drying to obtain the solid component of the organic compound fertilizer suitable for lettuce growth.

The liquid components and solid components of the organic compound fertilizer suitable for lettuce growth obtained in step 8) and step 9) of the present invention are sealed and stored under the same conditions.

The liquid component of the organic compound fertilizer suitable for lettuce growth obtained during the operation of step 8) of the present invention can be mixed with distilled water in any proportion.

Organic compound fertilizer of the present invention is applicable to the growth period of lettuce seedling; Its detailed using method is as follows:

1) Fill the solid component of the organic compound fertilizer suitable for lettuce growth on the soil layer at the root of the lettuce plant during use;

2) The liquid component of the organic compound fertilizer suitable for the growth of lettuce is selected and mixed with any proportion of distilled water, and the mixed fertilizer solution is sprayed on the upper surface of the organic compound fertilizer layer at the root of the lettuce plant by means of sprinkler irrigation.

The advantages of the present invention are: the organic compound fertilizer in the present invention is a solid-liquid combined fertilizer, and the straw mushroom slag particles, pine forest surface soil particles, corn stalk particles and silkworm excrement particles in the formula of the present invention undergo anaerobic fermentation , the biogas produced during the fermentation process is used for family life, saving fuel costs; the fermented organic compound fertilizer provides the necessary nitrogen and potassium fertilizers for the growth of lettuce, mainly the mushroom residue in the formula and the rot of the pine forest Polyacid fertilizers can promote the rapid growth of lettuce stalks. Silkworm sand particles provide other necessary trace elements for the growth of lettuce, thereby increasing the yield of lettuce. The nutrients in organic compound fertilizers are decomposed by microorganisms, which is convenient for lettuce roots. fast absorption; during the operation, the solid components in the organic compound fertilizer are enriched in the soil surface of the plant roots, and after being washed away and diluted by the liquid components, they are drained to the plant roots, while the liquid components themselves Containing a large amount of absorbable nutrients, the fertilizer itself has been sterilized by high temperature, and will not produce other microorganisms that affect the microorganisms in the lettuce growth environment, ensuring the normal growth process of lettuce. The overall fertilization process is simple and convenient, comprehensively utilizes all resources, and saves production costs.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described in detail below in combination with specific embodiments.

Embodiment 1: a kind of organic compound fertilizer suitable for the growth of lettuce, the parts by weight of each component in the described organic compound fertilizer are as follows: 15 parts of mushroom residues, 7 parts of pine forest surface soil particles, 5 parts of corn stalk particles , 3 parts of silkworm sand granules, 0.1 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.0 parts of urea, 0.01 parts of sodium borate, 3 parts of plant ash, and 60 parts of distilled water.

Embodiment 2: a kind of organic compound fertilizer suitable for the growth of lettuce, the parts by weight of each component in the described organic compound fertilizer are as follows: 20 parts of mushroom residues, 10 parts of pine forest surface soil particles, and 8 parts of corn stalk particles , 4 parts of silkworm sand granules, 0.2 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.3 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.15 parts of urea, 0.02 parts of sodium borate, 5 parts of plant ash, and 80 parts of distilled water.

Embodiment 3: a kind of organic compound fertilizer suitable for the growth of lettuce, the parts by weight of each component in the described organic compound fertilizer are as follows: 18 parts of straw mushroom slag, 9 parts of pine forest surface soil particles, 7 parts of corn stalk particles , 3.6 parts of silkworm sand granules, 0.14 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.28 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.06 parts of urea, 0.014 parts of sodium borate, 3.8 parts of plant ash, and 70 parts of distilled water.

Embodiment 4: an organic compound fertilizer suitable for the growth of lettuce, the parts by weight of each component in the described organic compound fertilizer are as follows: 17 parts of straw mushroom slag, 7 parts of pine forest surface soil particles, and 7 parts of corn stalk particles , 3.5 parts of silkworm sand granules, 0.15 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.25 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.1 parts of urea, 0.016 parts of sodium borate, 4 parts of plant ash, and 80 parts of distilled water.

Embodiment 5: the formula of the organic compound fertilizer of the present invention is carried out comparative test under the same planting conditions, and other component contents are constant, and wherein the kind of lettuce adopts two white-skinned round-leaf lettuce bred by Chongqing Agricultural Science Research Institute, contrasts The test results are shown in the table below:

It can be drawn from the above table that when the dosage of each component in the formula of the present invention is the dosage in Example 4, the lettuce variety irrigated by the organic compound fertilizer of the present invention has a thick stalk of a single plant and a higher overall weight , the yield of lettuce in the final unit area is high; the present invention provides comprehensive nutritional elements for the growth of lettuce stalks with fermented straw mushroom slag particles, pine forest surface soil particles, corn stalk particles and silkworm excrement particles mixture, Mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. The overall growth process of lettuce is dominated by the growth of stalks; the decomposed nutrients can quickly penetrate into the root soil of lettuce along with the liquid fertilizer, which is convenient for root absorption, thereby increasing the overall yield.

Embodiment 6: the production method of the organic compound fertilizer suitable for lettuce growth according to the present invention is as follows:

1) Collect the harvested straw mushroom culture medium and put it into a grinder for crushing operation. During the crushing operation, it is dried by high-temperature airflow. The moisture content of the dried straw mushroom residue does not exceed 10%, after being screened by a sieve, the straw mushroom residue particles with a specified particle size are obtained.

2) Select a pine forest with a tree age of more than 5 years, manually excavate the surface soil containing pine needles and leaves on the surface, and the depth of the excavation is 1-30cm, dry the mixture of the collected surface soil and pine needles and leaves for 2-3 days, let Finally, put it into a pulverizer for pulverization to obtain pine forest surface soil particles with a specified particle size.

3) Expose the harvested corn stalks to the sun for 10-12 days to obtain corn stalks with a moisture content of no more than 10%, and put them into a pulverizer for crushing to obtain corn stalks with a specified particle size.

4) The collected silkworm excrement is dried in the sun. The quality after drying is 70% to 80% of that before drying. The dried product is crushed to obtain silkworm excrement particles.

5) Take the straw mushroom slag particles in step 1) of the formula, the pine forest surface soil particles in step 2), the corn straw particles in step 3) and the silkworm excrement particles in step 4) of the corresponding quality in the formula and put them into the mixture. Mixing operation in feeder to get organic mixed fertilizer.

6) Put the organic mixed fertilizer in step 5) and distilled water of corresponding quality into the biogas digester for anaerobic fermentation for 30-45 days, filter after the fermentation is completed, collect liquid waste and solid waste respectively, and obtain organic compound fertilizer liquid and organic fertilizer Compound fertilizer residues.

7) Put the organic compound fertilizer liquid and the organic compound fertilizer residue obtained in step 6) into a high-temperature sterilization pot under an aerobic environment for sterilization, and sterilize for 2-3 hours.

8) Add the corresponding quality of potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea and sodium borate to the sterilized organic compound fertilizer liquid obtained in step 7), to obtain the liquid component of the organic compound fertilizer suitable for the growth of lettuce.

9) Dry the sterilized organic compound fertilizer residue obtained in step), and mix it with plant ash of corresponding quality after drying to obtain the solid component of the organic compound fertilizer suitable for lettuce growth.

Embodiment 7: adopt same formula among the present invention, comparative test is carried out to production method of the present invention, comparative test result is shown in the table below:

As can be known from the above table: when the organic compound fertilizer of the present invention adopts the production method in Example 6, the nutrient content in the fertilizer finally obtained is high, which is convenient for lettuce plant roots to absorb, and the number of days of anaerobic fermentation affects the decomposition degree of organic matter , to decompose the organic matter that is not easy to absorb into ions that can be easily absorbed by the plant. If the number of days is too small, the decomposition of organic matter will not be complete. If the number of days is too long, the fermentation production efficiency will decrease, and other beneficial nutrients will also be decomposed by microorganisms; the sterilization operation is mainly to kill Microbial residues in the fermentation liquid and residues prevent their growth in the waste and improve the absorption efficiency of lettuce plant roots to nutrients.

It should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Equivalent transformations made on the basis of the above embodiments all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. the organic composite fertilizer of an applicable asparagus lettuce growth, it is characterized in that, in described organic composite fertilizer, the parts by weight of each component are as follows: straw mushroom residue 15 ~ 20 parts, pine forests topsoil particle 7 ~ 10 parts, corn stalk pellets 5 ~ 8 parts, silkworm excrement particle 3 ~ 4 parts, potassium sulfate 0.1 ~ 0.2 part, potassium primary phosphate 0.2 ~ 0.3 part, 1.0 ~ 1.15 parts, urea, Sodium Tetraborate 0.01 ~ 0.02 part, plant ash 3 ~ 5 parts, distilled water 60 ~ 80 parts.

2. the organic composite fertilizer of applicable asparagus lettuce growth according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described straw mushroom residue is substratum residual after Volvaria volvacea cultivation, is the solid particulate of 1 ~ 2cm through the particle diameter pulverized and obtain after drying and processing.

3. the organic composite fertilizer of applicable asparagus lettuce growth according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described pine forests topsoil particle is the upper soll layer taking from 1 ~ 30cm thickness in pine forests, the solid particulate of the 1 ~ 2cm obtained after pulverization process.

4. the organic composite fertilizer of applicable asparagus lettuce growth according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described silkworm excrement particle is that silkworm faeces, the silkworm of collecting after silkworm is in the ripening stage sloughs off and the mixture of remaining mulberry leaf chip.

5. the organic composite fertilizer of applicable asparagus lettuce growth according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described corn stalk pellets is the solid particulate of 1 ~ 2cm that maize straw obtains after pulverization process.

6. the organic composite fertilizer of applicable asparagus lettuce growth according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described organic composite fertilizer, the parts by weight of preferred each component are as follows: straw mushroom residue 17 parts, pine forests topsoil particle 7 parts, corn stalk pellets 7 parts, silkworm excrement particle 3.5 parts, potassium sulfate 0.15 part, potassium primary phosphate 0.25 part, 1.1 parts, urea, Sodium Tetraborate 0.016 part, plant ash 4 parts, distilled water 80 parts.

7. the production method being applicable to asparagus lettuce growth organic composite fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the production method of described organic composite fertilizer is as follows:

1) crushing operation is carried out by putting in pulverizer after unified for the straw mushroom medium after results collection, in the process of crushing operation, dried it by high temperature gas flow, the water ratio of the straw mushroom residue after oven dry is no more than 10%, obtains the straw mushroom residue particle of regulation particle diameter after screen cloth screening;

2) age of tree pine forests of more than 5 years is chosen, manually take the topsoil that pine needle fallen leaves are contained on its top layer, it takes the degree of depth is 1 ~ 30cm, the mixture collecting rear topsoil and pine needle fallen leaves is dried 2 ~ 3 days, put in pulverizer after allowing and carried out crushing operation, obtained the pine forests topsoil particle of regulation particle diameter;

3) maize straw after results is exposed to the sun 10 ~ 12 days in the sun, obtains the maize straw that water ratio is no more than 10%, put in pulverizer and carry out crushing operation, obtain the corn stalk pellets of regulation particle diameter;

4) silkworm excrement after collection is carried out solarization dry run, the quality after drying is dry front quality 70% ~ 80%, and the product after drying obtains silkworm excrement particle after pulverizing;

5) the straw mushroom residue particle in the step 1) of respective quality in formula is got, step 2) in pine forests topsoil particle, corn stalk pellets in step 3) and the silkworm excrement particle in step 4) are put in mixer and are carried out married operation, obtain organic mixed manure;

6) distilled water of the organic mixed manure in step 5) and respective quality is put in methane-generating pit carry out anaerobically fermenting 30 ~ 45 days, to ferment rear filtration, collect liquid waste and solid waste respectively, obtain compoiste fertilizer feed liquid and organic composite fertilizer residue;

7) put in high-temperature sterilization pot under the environment of aerobic carry out disinfecting action, sterilizing 2 ~ 3h by obtaining compoiste fertilizer feed liquid and organic composite fertilizer residue in step 6);

8) potassium sulfate of respective quality will be added in the compoiste fertilizer feed liquid after the sterilizing obtained in step 7), potassium primary phosphate, urea and Sodium Tetraborate, obtain the liquid ingredient of the organic composite fertilizer of applicable asparagus lettuce growth;

9) by step) in organic composite fertilizer residue after the sterilizing that obtains carry out drying operation, after having dried, it is mixed with the plant ash of respective quality, obtains the solid ingredient of the organic composite fertilizer of applicable asparagus lettuce growth.

8. the production method of the organic composite fertilizer of applicable asparagus lettuce growth according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, the liquid ingredient of the organic composite fertilizer of the applicable asparagus lettuce growth that described step 8) and step 9) obtain and solid ingredient sealed storage under the same conditions.

9. the organic composite fertilizer of applicable asparagus lettuce growth according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the liquid ingredient of the organic composite fertilizer of the applicable asparagus lettuce growth obtained in described step 8) operating process can be used in combination with the distilled water of arbitrary proportion.

10. the using method of the organic composite fertilizer of applicable asparagus lettuce growth according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described organic composite fertilizer is applicable to the vegetative period of asparagus lettuce seedling; Its detailed using method is as follows:

The solid ingredient landfill of the organic composite fertilizer grown by applicable asparagus lettuce in use procedure is on the pedosphere of the root of asparagus lettuce plant;

Select the liquid ingredient of organic composite fertilizer being applicable to asparagus lettuce growth to mix with the distilled water of arbitrary proportion, mixed fertilizer solution adopts the mode of sprinkling irrigation to spray the upper surface of the SOLID ORGANIC composite fertilizer bed of material of the root asparagus lettuce plant.