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CN104783886B - 低切迹螺钉座及定位压环的装配方法 - Google Patents

低切迹螺钉座及定位压环的装配方法 Download PDF

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CN104783886B
CN104783886B CN201510225967.4A CN201510225967A CN104783886B CN 104783886 B CN104783886 B CN 104783886B CN 201510225967 A CN201510225967 A CN 201510225967A CN 104783886 B CN104783886 B CN 104783886B
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pressure ring
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CN104783886A (zh
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杨惠林
邬春晖
王翀
谢宁
寇万福
高亚军
王晗
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Shandong Weigao Orthopedic Materials Co Ltd
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    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers, e.g. stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
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    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers, e.g. stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7062—Devices acting on, attached to, or simulating the effect of, vertebral processes, vertebral facets or ribs ; Tools for such devices
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    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers, e.g. stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7062—Devices acting on, attached to, or simulating the effect of, vertebral processes, vertebral facets or ribs ; Tools for such devices
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Abstract

一种低切迹螺钉座，涉及骨科手术用椎弓根螺钉技术领域，特征在于卡合凸起的上方设有容纳定位压环限位凸环的凹槽，其内径大于定位压环的限位凸环直径；置棒槽左右两侧的环体上部设有向外凸起、与卡合凸起相配合的限位凸环，限位凸环上侧或下侧的环体外壁上设有向外凸起的防转凸块，卡合凸起上设有与防转凸台相配合的防转卡槽。其安装方法是：将定位压环的限位凸环与两个U形槽相对的由装配孔上方向下装入钉座主体内的内螺纹和卡合凸起之间的凹槽时，转动定位压环至钉座主体内壁上的内螺纹和卡合凸起之间的凹槽内、防转凸台与防转卡槽相对处，向下冲压定位压环。本发明具有直径小、低切迹等优点。

Description

低切迹螺钉座及定位压环的装配方法
技术领域
本发明涉及骨科手术用椎弓根螺钉技术领域，详细讲是一种直径小、低切迹的低切迹螺钉座及定位压环的装配方法。
背景技术
现有的椎弓根螺钉主要分为单轴椎弓根螺钉、万向椎弓根螺钉和单平面椎弓根螺钉三种。现有的万向椎弓根螺钉和单平面椎弓根螺钉由球头螺钉及与其配合的螺钉座组成，其中螺钉座包括钉座主体和定位压环，钉座主体内设有纵向贯通的装配孔，钉座主体上部设有用于穿设连接棒的U形槽，U形槽两侧的钉座主体内壁上设有内螺纹，内螺纹下侧的U形槽两侧的钉座主体内壁上设有卡合凸起，钉座主体下部的装配孔内设有与球头螺钉的球头相配合的下球窝，下球窝上方、卡合凸起下方卡设有用于压紧球头螺钉的球头、对其定位的定位压环。
现有的定位压环的结构是：设有圆柱形环体，环体下端设有与球头螺钉的球头相配合的上球窝，环体上端为平面或者设有与连接棒相配合的U形（也称为马鞍形）置棒槽。上端为平面的定位压环由于只需在纵向定位，因而压环和钉座的配合设计较为简单。但由于和圆形连接棒接触的为线接触，在使用中容易向下凹陷，同时和棒接触面小，固定效果比U形定位压环要差一些。U形定位压环的置棒槽和连接棒的贴合紧密，固定效果比较好，但是压环在螺钉装配后必须同时防止向上退出和沿纵向旋转，否则置棒槽和钉座的U形槽可能错位进而导致无法使用。
现有的定位压环为了防止向上退出采用的技术方案为：置棒槽左右两侧的环体上端部周向设有向外凸起、与卡合凸起相配合的限位凸环，限位凸环下侧面为斜面。装配时定位压环由装配孔上方向下置入卡合凸起上部，向下冲压定位压环，限位凸环下侧的斜面使置棒槽左右两侧的环体受力发生弹性形变、嵌入卡合凸起下方。上述结构的定位压环及组装方法，使得钉座主体的外径大、切迹大，钉座主体的侧壁薄、强度低。
现有的定位压环防止旋转结构为侧面冲压凸点定位结构。此种结构首先需要在螺钉座侧面打孔，然后从钉座上方依次放入球头螺钉和定位压环。定位压环侧面设有向内的凹槽，使用冲头等工具将钉座上的侧孔底部向内冲压变形产生凸起，进入定位压环的侧面凹槽中，凸点和定位压环的凹槽可以同时实现防止压环向上退出和沿纵向旋转。由于在装配过程中冲压的变形量不易精确控制，钉座侧面的钻孔深度在规模化生产时也存在一定的公差范围，因此凸点高度和厚度在生产过程中存在变化。在凸点高度和厚度较小时，术中操作时上钉起子容易将定位压环带出来，导致螺钉零件散落而失效。同时由于凸点的形状为圆弧，当上钉起子向上提拉用力较大时，也容易将凸点挤压回螺钉座的侧孔，从而导致已经植入人体的螺钉解体。此类问题在术中时有发生，对手术安全带来了巨大的隐患。同时，螺钉座侧壁和定位压环侧面为受力部位，在螺钉拧紧后应力较大，侧孔和凹槽都会影响螺钉的强度，为了满足使用的强度要求，螺钉座的尺寸也往往比较大，对病人周围组织愈合产生不良影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决上述现有技术的不足，提供一种结构简单、装配方便，钉座主体的外径小，钉座主体的螺纹部位侧壁厚、强度高，定位压环安全可靠低切迹螺钉座及定位压环的装配方法。
本发明解决上述技术的不足所采用的技术方案是：
一种低切迹螺钉座，包括钉座主体和定位压环，钉座主体内设有纵向贯通的装配孔，钉座主体上部设有用于穿设连接棒的U形槽，U形槽两侧的钉座主体内壁上设有内螺纹，内螺纹下侧的U形槽两侧的钉座主体内壁上设有卡合凸起，钉座主体下部的装配孔内设有与球头螺钉的球头相配合的下球窝，下球窝上方、卡合凸起下方卡设有用于压紧球头螺钉的球头、对其定位的定位压环；定位压环的结构是：设有圆柱形环体，环体下端设有与球头螺钉的球头相配合的上球窝，环体上端设有与连接棒相配合的置棒槽；其特征在于卡合凸起的上方设有容纳定位压环限位凸环的凹槽，其内径大于定位压环的限位凸环直径；置棒槽左右两侧的环体上部设有向外凸起、与卡合凸起相配合的限位凸环，限位凸环上侧或下侧的环体外壁上设有向外凸起的防转凸块，（防转凸块呈长条形、纵向设在环体外壁上）卡合凸起（及钉座主体内壁）上设有与防转凸台相配合的防转卡槽。
本发明中所述的防转卡槽设在卡合凸起的中部，防转卡槽上下贯穿卡合凸起、将一个卡合凸起分为左右两段。
一种椎弓根螺钉的低切迹螺钉座定位压环的装配方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
a、将定位压环置于钉座主体的正上方，定位压环置棒槽左右两侧的环体上的限位凸环与钉座主体上的两个U形槽相对；
b、将定位压环由装配孔上方向下装入钉座主体内；
c、当定位压环上的两个限位凸环、防转凸台移动至钉座主体内壁上的内螺纹和卡合凸起之间的凹槽时，转动定位压环，使限位凸环和防转凸台转至钉座主体内壁上的内螺纹和卡合凸起之间的凹槽内、防转凸台与防转卡槽相对处；
d、向下冲压定位压环，环体受力发生弹性形变、限位凸环嵌入卡合凸起下方、防转凸台嵌入防转卡槽内。
本发明由于限位凸环是定位压环径向直径最大处，采用上述方法装配，定位压环的装配不经过钉座主体内壁上的内螺纹，当内壁厚度一定时，钉座主体的外径小。外形小的螺钉对于体型较小的亚洲病人，尤其是女性和青少年患者具有重要意义，因为螺钉座对周围组织的刺激相对更小，更加有利于术后的愈合。当钉座主体的外径一定时，钉座主体的侧壁厚、强度高，使螺钉的安全性和可靠性得到了增强；起到防转作用的防转凸台和防转卡槽结构简单、使用方便，由于限位凸台和钉座上的卡合凸起存在四段有较长距离的过盈配合，比现有技术中的冲压凸点更加安全可靠，可以防止定位压环在术中被拔出而导致的螺钉解体。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
图2是本发明中钉座主体的结构示意图。
图3是本发明中定位压环的结构示意图。
图4是本发明装配球头螺钉时的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1-3所示的低切迹螺钉座，包括钉座主体3和定位压环4，钉座主体3内设有纵向贯通的装配孔，钉座主体上部设有用于穿设连接棒的U形槽2，U形槽2两侧的钉座主体3内壁上设有内螺纹1，内螺纹1下侧的U形槽2两侧的钉座主体内壁上设有卡合凸起6，钉座主体下部的装配孔内设有与球头螺钉的球头相配合的下球窝，下球窝上方、卡合凸起6下方卡设有用于压紧球头螺钉的球头、对其定位的定位压环4；定位压环4的结构是：设有外周呈圆柱形的环体7，环体7下端设有与球头螺钉的球头相配合的上球窝，环体7上端设有与连接棒相配合的置棒槽10；本发明的特征在于卡合凸起的上方设有容纳定位压环限位凸环的凹槽，其内径大于定位压环的限位凸环直径；置棒槽10左右两侧的环体7上中部周向设有向外凸起、与卡合凸起6相配合的限位凸环8，限位凸环8呈弧形，限位凸环8下侧面为由下至上向外倾斜的斜面，限位凸环上侧的环体外壁上轴向设有向外凸起、呈矩形的防转凸块9，卡合凸起6上及钉座主体内壁上设有与防转凸块9相配合的防转卡槽5。从图1-3中可以 ，防转卡槽5设在卡合凸起的中部，防转卡槽5上下贯穿卡合凸起、将一个卡合凸起分为左右两段。
上述低切迹螺钉座定位压环的装配方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
a、将定位压环置于钉座主体的正上方，定位压环置棒槽10左右两侧的环体上的限位凸环8与钉座主体3上的两个U形槽2相对；二者错位90度。
b、将定位压环由装配孔上方向下装入钉座主体内；此过程中限位凸环8在钉座主体3上的两个U形槽2内向下移动。
c、当定位压环4上的两个限位凸环8、防转凸台9在U形槽内向下移动至钉座主体内壁上的内螺纹和卡合凸起6之间时，转动定位压环4，使限位凸环和防转凸台转至钉座主体内壁上的内螺纹和卡合凸起之间、防转凸台9与防转卡槽5相对处；
d、向下冲压定位压环4，环体和钉座主体受力发生弹性形变、限位凸环8嵌入卡合凸起6下方、防转凸台9嵌入防转卡槽5内。
本发明由于限位凸环是定位压环径向直径的最大处，采用上述方法装配，定位压环的装配不经过钉座主体内壁上的内螺纹，当内壁厚度一定时，钉座主体的外径小，手术时切迹小；当钉座主体的外径一定时，钉座主体的侧壁厚、强度高；起到防转作用的防转凸台和防转卡槽结构简单、使用方便，且防转效果好。定位压环的防转凸台也可以放置在限位凸环的下方，而对应的螺钉座上侧壁的防转卡槽也需要相应地往下延长，由于防转凸台的位置远离置棒槽开口，在受力时不易向内收缩，这种定位压环的防转效果更好。防转凸台与防转卡槽的方转结构安全可靠，进一步减小了螺钉座的尺寸，切迹更小，病人周围组织愈合效果更佳。

Claims (4)

1.一种低切迹螺钉座，包括钉座主体和定位压环，钉座主体内设有纵向贯通的装配孔，钉座主体上部设有用于穿设连接棒的U形槽，U形槽两侧的钉座主体内壁上设有内螺纹，内螺纹下侧的U形槽两侧的钉座主体内壁上设有卡合凸起，钉座主体下部的装配孔内设有与球头螺钉的球头相配合的下球窝，下球窝上方、卡合凸起下方卡设有用于压紧球头螺钉的球头、对其定位的定位压环；定位压环的结构是：设有圆柱形环体，环体下端设有与球头螺钉的球头相配合的上球窝，环体上端设有与连接棒相配合的置棒槽；其特征在于置棒槽左右两侧的环体上部设有向外凸起、与卡合凸起相配合的限位凸环，限位凸环上侧的环体外壁上设有向外凸起的防转凸块，卡合凸起上设有与防转凸台相配合的防转卡槽。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低切迹螺钉座，其特征在于卡合凸起的上方设有容纳定位压环限位凸环的凹槽，其内径大于定位压环的限位凸环直径。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的低切迹螺钉座，其特征在于所述的防转卡槽设在卡合凸起的中部，防转卡槽上下贯穿卡合凸起、将一个卡合凸起分为左右两段。
4.根据权利要求1所述的低切迹螺钉座定位压环的装配方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
a、将定位压环置于钉座主体的正上方，定位压环置棒槽左右两侧的环体上的限位凸环与钉座主体上的两个U形槽相对；
b、将定位压环由装配孔上方向下装入钉座主体内；
c、当定位压环上的两个限位凸环、防转凸台移动至钉座主体内壁上的内螺纹和卡合凸起之间时，转动定位压环，使限位凸环和防转凸台转至钉座主体内壁上的内螺纹和卡合凸起之间、防转凸台与防转卡槽相对处；
d、向下冲压定位压环，环体受力发生弹性形变、限位凸环嵌入卡合凸起下方、防转凸台嵌入防转卡槽内。
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