CN104654312B - A kind of nonflame burning process of solid waste - Google Patents
A kind of nonflame burning process of solid waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN104654312B CN104654312B CN201510089325.6A CN201510089325A CN104654312B CN 104654312 B CN104654312 B CN 104654312B CN 201510089325 A CN201510089325 A CN 201510089325A CN 104654312 B CN104654312 B CN 104654312B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M1/00—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
- C12M1/107—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with means for collecting fermentation gases, e.g. methane
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of nonflame burning process of solid waste, it includes sorting process, anaerobic fermentation, the step that nonflame burns and fuel gas reclaims.The technique of the present invention has treatment effeciency height, comprehensive benefit is good, it is totally thorough to process, and nonflame incineration temperature is high, and carbonization is rapid;Imflammable gas conversion sufficient it is achieved that in burning process the energy self-sufficient, the cinder light weight of generation, bubble enrich, good water permeability, phosphorus content are high, nuisance minimum discharge.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental protection technical field, it is related to solid waste resource comprehensive utilization process and in particular to a kind of solid
The nonflame burning process of garbage.
Background technology
Development with social economy and the raising of living standards of the people, the discharge capacity of solid waste increases sharply, mesh
The solid waste that the front whole world increases newly every year reaches 10,000,000,000 tons, 0.6 ton per capita.And solid waste problem " is most difficult to everywhere with it
Reason ", the concern of " most comprehensive ", " most contaminative ", " being taken seriously the latest " and " closeness to life " extremely people.
The processing method of solid waste mainly has three kinds in the world at present:Compost, landfill and burning electricity generation.Compost method
By pretreatment, Organic substance is sorted out, because the Sorting Technique of developing country is also immature, compost method is in development
Country is seldom used, the supplementary meanss processing as just solid waste.Burying method is simple to operate, front current cost
Low, but need to take substantial amounts of soil, landfill yard stinks to high heaven after arriving closing during one's term of military service, mosquitos and flies grows, percolate etc. becomes
Permanent polluter.The nucleus equipment of burning electricity generation method is incinerator, and incinerator technology is based on external minority developed country root
Develop according to the solid waste feature after sorting.The combustion system of incinerator is naked light, and the powdery ashes of burning-out are not in stove
Stop is expelled directly out, and use value is low.Although above-mentioned solid waste treating technology respectively has weighting, all it is difficult to accomplish state
" three changes " that family carries out.
Additionally, the domestic solid waste of China is restricted by region, season, economic situation, solid waste composition is in multiformity, complexity
Property, anti-flammability especially prominent, the water content of solid waste is generally higher than 40%, such solid waste enter incinerator carry out burning disposal must
Combustion instability so can be caused, easily flame-out in stove, even if adding, supplementary energy is combustion-supporting, combustion conditions also cannot be steady, makes operation
Become complicated, operation cost is high, two English are wayward, seriously polluted, collective of a mass character event in rapid succession, so incinerator
Combustion system be not entirely suitable to the current fixed-end forces of China.
Have at present and with regard to solid waste sorting, valuable material is reclaimed, combustion is improved by anaerobic ferment process
Value, produce biogas and by thermal cracking manufacture clean energy resource, graininess combustibles are produced to not perishable Organic substance, to
The report that the little inorganic matters of grain and Organic substance are buried or burned, but really implement and still have certain gap.
Content of the invention
A kind of nonflame burning process of solid waste, it is an object of the invention to overcoming the defect of prior art, is provided,
Make full use of the source material of solid, turn the foul and rotten into the rare and ethereal.
It is a kind of up-to-date combustion system of international combustion field development in nearly 20 years that nonflame burns, for solid waste
Process still genus the first, there is treatment effeciency height, solid waste source material using fully, profitable, process is totally thorough and harmful
The feature of thing minimum discharge.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:A kind of nonflame burning process of solid waste, it includes following step
Suddenly:
S1. sorting process:Plastics, rubber and heavy metal is sub-elected from solid waste;
S2. anaerobic fermentation:Solid waste after sorting is moved in anaerobic fermentation room and carries out fermentation process, so that solid is given up
The water content of gurry declines 5%~15%, and the height that described anaerobic fermentation interior solid waste is stacked is 5~7m, fermentation
The time processing is 5~10 days;
S3. nonflame burns:Solid waste after anaerobic fermentation piles up 5~7m in incinerating kiln, described incinerating kiln
Bottom setting ignition system and air supply system, are passed through assisted gas to air supply system with the flow velocity of 10~50m/s, by igniting are
System is lighted a fire, and is allowed to burn entrance design conditions, described design conditions are:Coking layer, burning layer, carburization zone and drying
Layer, burns layer central temperature and is 1450~1650 DEG C, solid waste is converted into available cinder the most at last.
Further, described solid waste includes domestic waste, Medical Solid Wastes and municipal sludge.
Further, described sorting process is by the way of artificial separation, mechanical sorting and instrument detect and combine.
Further, during the nonflame described in step S3 burns, disposably feed on a large scale, disposably slag tap on a large scale;
And to burn layer be carbide for 2%-15% to burn layer oxygen-containing, and incineration temperature is high, and the flue gas main component discharging is flammable
Property gas.
Further, a kind of nonflame burning process of solid waste also includes the recovery of S4 fuel gas, and described can
The removal process of combustion gas body includes following sub-step:
S41. collect the flammable foul smell that solid waste produces in sorting process, anaerobic fermentation process;
S42., air exhauster is set outside incinerating kiln, and described incinerating kiln top arranges smoke evacuation system, will burn in nonflame
The fuel gas producing in journey negative pressure from smoke evacuation system suctions out, and carries out bulk processing;
S43. the flammable foul smell collected in step S41 is mixed in the lump with the fuel gas after bulk processing in step S42
As assisted gas, air supply system injection through incinerating kiln bottom, participate in combustion-supporting it is achieved that in burning process the energy self-sufficiency from
Foot.
Further, the generation process of described fuel gas is:In nonflame burning process, burn the solid of more than layer
When garbage experiences more than 300 DEG C of heat radiation, in solid waste, hemicellulose starts to be pyrolyzed carbonization, produces fuel gas.
Further, described solid waste pyrolysis carbonizer's condition is as follows:In kiln, solid waste is through ignition system
After igniting, ignition temperature reaches 800 DEG C therewith, and burning and carbonization are almost carried out simultaneously, when burning the top heat radiation of layer 200
It is in drying stage, when radiation temperature reaches more than 300 DEG C, half fiber in solid waste starts pyrolytic carbon when~300 DEG C
Change reaction, the volatile matters that pyrolysis carbonization separates out mainly include vapor, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, tar and nytron
Thing, i.e. wood gas, wood tar and wood vinegar, it is referred to as " flue gas ", flue gas passes through air exhauster and inhales from kiln crown end smoke evacuation system negative pressure
Go out;When the radiation temperature burning layer reaches 500 DEG C, the biomass in solid waste are accelerated to decompose, with the quickening decomposed
Cracking process and its product are also accelerated therewith, and the flue gas of generation is more abundant;After ignition temperature reaches 1200 DEG C, burn layer and
Carburization zone mainly produces methane and hydrogen no longer produces vinegar liquid and tar, is merely creating wood gas, and the calorific value of wood gas is big
Big raising, wood gas is fuel gas.
Biomass in solid waste, food waste, in pyrolysis with combustion process, can produce tar, tar 1000~
When 1200 DEG C, in the short time, cleavage rate reaches more than 99%, can make full use of in the vapor and tar containing during nonflame burns
Composition reacts and produces carbon monoxide and hydrogen, reduces the generation of white carbon black, improves the production rate of fuel gas in flue gas.As Jiao
The catalytic pyrolysiss of naphthalene in oil:C10H8+10H20→10CO+14H2, C10H8+20H20→10CO2+2H2, C10H8+10H20→CO+
4CO2+6H2+4CH4;Vapor is conducive to the generation of coke tar cracking and fuel gas, and the fuel gases calorific value of generation is 10~16MJ/
Nm3, hydrogen content is 30~60%.
It is as follows that described solid waste nonflame burns mechanism:Stack solid waste and reach 5~7m in incinerating kiln, initial burning is produced
Raw naked light, is passed through combustion-supporting gas with kiln bottom, due to the relation of solid waste pressure and gravity, flame is progressively smaller until micro-
Little.At the burning initial stage, burning, pyrolysis, carbonization almost complete simultaneously, and the gas that the flue gas producing in burning is produced with pyrolysis carbonization is saturating
Cross the high solid waste of 5~7m, slow precipitation, heat, ash fly and impurity is retained by thick solid waste, is drawn in kiln
Fuel gas in flue gas is reclaimed after bulk processing by the lean oxygen stream of low speed movement, produces with sorting, anaerobic fermentation process
Foul smell mixes, and the 4/5~6/7 of mixing foul smell is entered by the air supply system of kiln bottom and burns layer, make Incineration circumstances by initial
Burn layer, carburization zone, baking zone to coking layer, burning layer, carburization zone and baking zone conversion, burning is no longer solid waste
Ortho states, but through pyrolysis carbonized carburization zone, after carburization zone temperature reaches 1000 DEG C, solid waste produce Jiao
Oil gasification pyrolysis rate is accelerated, and is precipitated with the small molecule hydrocarbon gas beneficial to burning, with the lifting further of carbonization heat, promotees
Enter carbide second pyrolysises, the yield of fuel gas improves, and with the rising of carburizing temperature, the temperature that carbide catches fire also rises
High.With the addition of high temperature incineration fuel gas and hypoxia, burn flame volume and increase exponentially, burn layer and heat up uniformly, averagely
Temperature greatly promotes the burning it is achieved that stable, is progressively elapsed upwards in the form of nonflame, and heat energy is piled up rapidly, in the short time
The temperature burning layer reaches 1450~1650 DEG C, finally makes solid waste form available cinder.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) present invention is applied to the process of domestic waste, Medical Solid Wastes and municipal sludge;
(2) present invention has low-carbon (LC), environmental protection, and treatment effeciency is high, and decrement is thorough, the feature of nuisance minimum discharge;
(3) in the present invention, solid waste source material utilizes fully, and imflammable gas conversion abundance was it is achieved that burned
In journey, the energy is self-sufficient;
(4) present invention can make the high-quality cinder that garbage changes into light weight, bubble enriches, good water permeability, phosphorus content are high;
(5) cinder producing in the present invention is widely used, and can be used for precision agriculture, building materials and pollution treatment industry.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is nonflame Incineration circumstances in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is nonflame Incineration circumstances curve in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following institute
State.
Embodiment 1:A kind of nonflame burning process of solid waste, it comprises the following steps:
S1. sorting process:By the way of artificial separation, mechanical sorting and instrument detect and combine from solid waste
Sub-elect plastics, rubber and heavy metal;
S2. anaerobic fermentation:Solid waste after sorting is moved in anaerobic fermentation room and carries out fermentation process, so that solid is given up
The water content of gurry declines 5%, and the height that described anaerobic fermentation interior solid waste is stacked is 5m, the time of fermentation process
For 5 days;
S3. nonflame burns:Solid waste after anaerobic fermentation piles up 5m in incinerating kiln, described incinerating kiln bottom
Setting ignition system and air supply system, are passed through assisted gas to air supply system with the flow velocity of 10m/s, are carried out a little by ignition system
Fire, burns therewith and enters design conditions, and described design conditions are:Coking layer, burning layer, carburization zone and baking zone, burn layer
Central temperature is 1450 DEG C, and final solid waste is converted into available cinder;
S4. the recovery of fuel gas, it includes following sub-step:
S41. collect the flammable foul smell that solid waste produces in sorting process and anaerobic fermentation process;
S42., air exhauster is set outside incinerating kiln, and there is smoke evacuation system on described incinerating kiln top, will be in nonflame burning process
The fuel gas of middle generation negative pressure from smoke evacuation system suctions out, and carries out bulk processing;
S43. the flammable foul smell collected in step S41 is mixed and makees with the fuel gas after bulk processing in step S42
For assisted gas, air supply system injection through incinerating kiln bottom, participate in combustion-supporting it is achieved that in burning process the energy self-sufficiency from
Foot.
Described solid waste includes domestic waste, Medical Solid Wastes and municipal sludge.
Embodiment 2:A kind of nonflame burning process of solid waste, it comprises the following steps:
S1. sorting process:Detected by the way of sorting combines from solid waste using artificial separation, mechanical sorting and instrument
Plastics, rubber and heavy metal is sub-elected in thing;
S2. anaerobic fermentation:Solid waste after sorting is moved in anaerobic fermentation room and carries out fermentation process, so that solid is given up
The water content of gurry declines 15%, and the height that described anaerobic fermentation interior solid waste is stacked is 7m, fermentation process when
Between be 10 days;
S3. nonflame burns:Solid waste after anaerobic fermentation piles up 7m in incinerating kiln, described incinerating kiln bottom
Setting ignition system and air supply system, are passed through assisted gas to air supply system with the flow velocity of 50m/s, are carried out a little by ignition system
Fire, burns therewith and enters design conditions, and described design conditions are:Coking layer, the operating mode of burning layer, carburization zone and baking zone,
Burn layer central temperature and be 1650 DEG C, final solid waste is converted into available cinder;
S4. the recovery of fuel gas, it includes following sub-step:
S41. collect the flammable foul smell that solid waste produces in sorting process and anaerobic fermentation process;
S42., air exhauster is set outside incinerating kiln, and there is smoke evacuation system on described incinerating kiln top, will be in nonflame burning process
The fuel gas of middle generation negative pressure from smoke evacuation system suctions out, and carries out bulk processing;
S43. the flammable foul smell collected in step S41 is mixed and makees with the fuel gas after bulk processing in step S42
For assisted gas, air supply system injection through incinerating kiln bottom, participate in combustion-supporting it is achieved that in burning process the energy self-sufficiency from
Foot.
Described solid waste includes domestic waste, Medical Solid Wastes and municipal sludge.
Embodiment 3:A kind of nonflame burning process of solid waste, it comprises the following steps:
S1. sorting process:By the way of artificial separation, mechanical sorting and instrument detect and combine from solid waste
Sub-elect plastics, rubber and heavy metal;
S2. anaerobic fermentation:Solid waste after sorting is moved in anaerobic fermentation room and carries out fermentation process, so that solid is given up
The water content of gurry declines 8%, and the height that described anaerobic fermentation interior solid waste is stacked is 5.8m, fermentation process when
Between be 7 days;
S3. nonflame burns:Solid waste after anaerobic fermentation piles up 5.8m in incinerating kiln, described incinerating kiln bottom
Portion's setting ignition system and air supply system, are passed through assisted gas to air supply system with the flow velocity of 25m/s, are carried out by ignition system
Igniting, burns therewith and enters design conditions, and described design conditions are:Coking layer, the work of burning layer, carburization zone and baking zone
Condition, burns layer central temperature and is 1500 DEG C, final solid waste is converted into available cinder;
S4. the recovery of fuel gas, it includes following sub-step:
S41. collect the flammable foul smell that solid waste produces in sorting process and anaerobic fermentation process;
S42., air exhauster is set outside incinerating kiln, and there is smoke evacuation system on described incinerating kiln top, will be in nonflame burning process
The fuel gas of middle generation negative pressure from smoke evacuation system suctions out, and carries out bulk processing;
S43. the flammable foul smell collected in step S41 is mixed and makees with the fuel gas after bulk processing in step S42
For assisted gas, air supply system injection through incinerating kiln bottom, participate in combustion-supporting it is achieved that in burning process the energy self-sufficiency from
Foot.
Described solid waste includes domestic waste, Medical Solid Wastes and municipal sludge.
Embodiment 4:A kind of nonflame burning process of solid waste, it comprises the following steps:
S1. sorting process:Detected by the way of sorting combines from solid waste using artificial separation, mechanical sorting and instrument
Plastics, rubber and heavy metal is sub-elected in thing;
S2. anaerobic fermentation:Solid waste after sorting is moved in anaerobic fermentation room and carries out fermentation process, so that solid is given up
The water content of gurry declines 12%, and the height that described anaerobic fermentation interior solid waste is stacked is 6.5m, fermentation process
Time is 9 days;
S3. nonflame burns:Solid waste after anaerobic fermentation piles up 6.5m in incinerating kiln, described incinerating kiln bottom
Portion's setting ignition system and air supply system, are passed through assisted gas to air supply system with the flow velocity of 40m/s, are carried out by ignition system
Igniting, burns therewith and enters design conditions, and described design conditions are:Coking layer, the work of burning layer, carburization zone and baking zone
Condition, burns layer central temperature and is 1600 DEG C, final solid waste is converted into available cinder;
S4. the recovery of fuel gas, it includes following sub-step:
S41. collect the flammable foul smell that solid waste produces in sorting process and anaerobic fermentation process;
S42., air exhauster is set outside incinerating kiln, and there is smoke evacuation system on described incinerating kiln top, will be in nonflame burning process
The fuel gas of middle generation negative pressure from smoke evacuation system suctions out, and carries out bulk processing;
S43. the flammable foul smell collected in step S41 is mixed and makees with the fuel gas after bulk processing in step S42
For assisted gas, air supply system injection through incinerating kiln bottom, participate in combustion-supporting it is achieved that in burning process the energy self-sufficiency from
Foot.
Described solid waste includes domestic waste, Medical Solid Wastes and municipal sludge.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of nonflame burning process of solid waste is it is characterised in that it comprises the following steps:
S1. sorting process:Go out plastics, rubber and heavy metal from solid waste sorting;
S2. anaerobic fermentation:Solid waste after sorting is moved in anaerobic fermentation room and carries out fermentation process, make solid waste
The water content of thing declines 5%~15%, and the height that described anaerobic fermentation interior solid waste is stacked is 5~7m, fermentation process
Time be 5~10 days;
S3. nonflame burns:Solid waste after anaerobic fermentation piles up 5~7m in incinerating kiln, described incinerating kiln bottom
Setting ignition system and air supply system, are passed through assisted gas to air supply system with the flow velocity of 10~50m/s, are entered by ignition system
Row igniting, burns therewith and enters design conditions, and described design conditions are:Coking layer, burning layer, carburization zone and baking zone, burn
Burn layer central temperature and be 1450~1650 DEG C, solid waste is converted into available cinder the most at last;
S4 fuel gas reclaims, including following sub-step:
S41. collect the flammable foul smell that solid waste produces in sorting process, anaerobic fermentation process;
S42., air exhauster is set outside incinerating kiln, and described incinerating kiln top arranges smoke evacuation system, produces from nonflame burning process
Raw fuel gas negative pressure from smoke evacuation system suctions out, and carries out bulk processing;
S43. in flammable foul smell and step S42 that will collect in step S41 the fuel gas after bulk processing mixed be incorporated as auxiliary
Combustion-supporting gas, the air supply system through incinerating kiln bottom is passed through, and participates in combustion-supporting.
2. a kind of nonflame burning process of solid waste according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described solid gives up
Gurry includes domestic waste, Medical Solid Wastes and municipal sludge.
3. a kind of nonflame burning process of solid waste according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that at described sorting
Reason is by the way of artificial separation, mechanical sorting and instrument detect and combine.
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CN105368496B (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2018-04-03 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of biomass gasification and gas-supply coproduction electricity, charcoal, heat, the process of fertilizer |
CN107101206A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-08-29 | 高承疆 | Fuel gas wraps up the combustion method of flammable solid |
CN110145742A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-20 | 光大环保能源(沛县)有限公司 | A kind of garbage power environmental protection equipment |
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