CN104588617B - The method that one step prepares Metal Substrate light composite material - Google Patents
The method that one step prepares Metal Substrate light composite material Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/14—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product the objects being filamentary or particulate in form
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一步制备金属基轻质复合材料的方法。它是利用保压渗流和真空吸铸方法，在负压力的作用下使金属液透过多孔陶瓷或石墨板浸入空心球的间隙中，待金属液体完全浸渗之后冷却，最后脱模取出，得到含有封闭泡孔的泡沫金属基复合材料，该空心球体为Al2O3空心球、SiC空心球、C空心球或玻化微珠中两种及两种以上不同或相同尺寸的混合空心球。用本发明制备的金属基复合材料孔隙率可达到60％以上而显著降低密度的同时，压缩强度与同类产品相比可提高20‑50％，从而实现高强、轻质，具备阻尼减震、隔音降噪、能量吸收等多种功能性，工艺简单、工序少，对空心球颗粒种类及尺寸适应范围广，对基体金属几乎无选择，可制备不同密度的泡沫金属产品。
The invention relates to a method for preparing metal-based lightweight composite materials in one step. It utilizes pressure-holding seepage and vacuum suction casting methods, under the action of negative pressure, the metal liquid penetrates the porous ceramic or graphite plate and immerses in the gap of the hollow ball, and after the metal liquid is completely infiltrated, it is cooled, and finally demoulded and taken out to obtain The foamed metal matrix composite material contains closed cells, and the hollow spheres are Al2O3 hollow spheres, SiC hollow spheres, C hollow spheres or vitrified microspheres, which are mixed hollow spheres of two or more different or same sizes. While the porosity of the metal matrix composite material prepared by the invention can reach more than 60%, the density can be significantly reduced, and the compressive strength can be increased by 20-50% compared with similar products, so as to achieve high strength, light weight, damping, shock absorption, and sound insulation Noise reduction, energy absorption and other functions, simple process, few steps, wide range of hollow spherical particle types and sizes, almost no choice for base metal, and metal foam products with different densities can be prepared.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一步制备金属基轻质复合材料的方法。具体是利用一种或一种以上不同尺寸的封闭空心球体填料，制备泡沫结构金属基复合材料的方法，所用空心球无需在模具中制备预制体，而是一步制备金属基轻质复合材料。采用此种方法制备的材料不仅具有优良的压缩性能，同时也可显著降低材料密度，从而达到轻量化目的。The invention relates to a method for preparing metal-based lightweight composite materials in one step. Specifically, it is a method for preparing a metal matrix composite material with a foam structure by using one or more closed hollow sphere fillers of different sizes. The hollow spheres used do not need to be prefabricated in a mold, but a metal matrix lightweight composite material is prepared in one step. The material prepared by this method not only has excellent compression performance, but also can significantly reduce the material density, thereby achieving the purpose of light weight.
背景技术Background technique
金属基复合材料是以金属或合金为基体，并以纤维、晶须、颗粒等为增强体的复合材料，其在力学性能方面为横向及剪切强度较高、韧性及疲劳等综合性能较好，同时还具有导热、导电、耐磨、热膨胀系数小、阻尼性好、不吸湿、不老化和无污染等优点，但也具有造价高、密度大、制备工艺复杂等缺点。例如纤维、晶须等增强体的价格昂贵，制备工艺复杂，导致这类金属基复合材料的应用受到限制，而作为增强体的颗粒增强体价格相对低廉，基体合金可选择的范围宽，并能够采用传统工艺方法制备和二次加工，易于实现批量和大规模生产，具有很好的经济效益。近年来，高强轻质合金材料在航空、航天、汽车、建材等领域的应用越来越广泛，在不显著影响压缩性能的情况下降低金属基复合材料的密度是合金材料轻量化的主要途径。泡沫金属材料是材料轻量化的主要方向，按孔洞的结构分为通孔和闭孔两类，其中闭孔泡沫金属材料具有更好的强度，因其兼具结构材料和功能材料特性而具有广泛用途。Metal matrix composites are composite materials that use metal or alloy as the matrix and fibers, whiskers, particles, etc. At the same time, it also has the advantages of thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, wear resistance, small thermal expansion coefficient, good damping, no moisture absorption, no aging and no pollution, but it also has disadvantages such as high cost, high density and complicated preparation process. For example, reinforcements such as fibers and whiskers are expensive and the preparation process is complicated, which limits the application of this type of metal matrix composites. As a reinforcement, the particle reinforcement is relatively cheap, and the matrix alloy has a wide range of options, and can The preparation and secondary processing are carried out by the traditional process method, which is easy to realize batch and large-scale production, and has good economic benefits. In recent years, high-strength lightweight alloy materials have been widely used in aviation, aerospace, automobiles, building materials and other fields. Reducing the density of metal matrix composites without significantly affecting the compression performance is the main way to reduce the weight of alloy materials. Foam metal material is the main direction of material lightweight. According to the structure of the hole, it is divided into two types: through-hole and closed-cell. Among them, closed-cell metal foam has better strength and has a wide range of properties due to its combination of structural materials and functional materials. use.
以空心球体填充的金属基复合材料具有轻质、高强度以及良好的缓冲吸能效果等特性。为降低密度的填充体有Al2O3空心球、SiC空心球、SiO2空心球、C空心球、玻璃微珠、粉灰或其混合空心球。基体主要是铝合金，也有镁基、铁基、铜基、钛基、铅基等。根据复合材料的密度控制和空心球可溶入量，复合材料中的空心球体积分数可以达到40％-60％。Metal matrix composites filled with hollow spheres have the characteristics of light weight, high strength, and good cushioning and energy absorption effects. Fillers for reducing density include Al 2 O 3 hollow spheres, SiC hollow spheres, SiO 2 hollow spheres, C hollow spheres, glass microspheres, fly ash or their mixed hollow spheres. The substrate is mainly aluminum alloy, but also magnesium-based, iron-based, copper-based, titanium-based, lead-based, etc. According to the density control of the composite material and the amount of hollow spheres that can be dissolved, the volume fraction of hollow spheres in the composite material can reach 40%-60%.
经检索发现生产金属基空心球复合材料的方法主要有以下几种：一种是中国专利CN103614586介绍的压力渗流铸造法，其借助外界压力使金属熔体渗流进入空心球间隙，但这种方法无法控制渗流进程、补缩能力差，同时由于压力作用造成铝基体密度增大；一种是粉末冶金法，将基体金属粉末、粘合剂和空心微球均匀搅拌，在一定压力下压制烧结成型，但该工艺过程复杂，空心球强度要求高且受粒径限制；一种是中国专利CN1174895A介绍的搅拌法，其利用铝及其合金为基体，以火电厂废料飞灰作为添加料的铝基复合材料，但这种方法采用机械搅拌装置致使添加料的分布不均匀，使用的飞灰粒径较小且与基体的润湿性较差，这都影响了所制复合材料的性能；还有一种方法是CN102601342A介绍的真空反重力渗流法，其通过抽真空使铸造室形成负压，金属熔体经导流部件进入空心球预制体中冷却，但此方法是以空心球预制体为骨架，金属液作为填料，从而造成压缩性能的降低，且工艺过程复杂。因此，在不影响复合材料压缩性能的前提下寻找降低金属基复合材料密度的方法，形成适用于多种合金的低成本制备方法成为急需解决的问题。After searching, it is found that there are mainly the following methods for producing metal-based hollow sphere composites: one is the pressure infiltration casting method introduced by Chinese patent CN103614586, which uses external pressure to make the metal melt infiltrate into the hollow sphere gap, but this method cannot Control the seepage process, poor feeding ability, and increase the density of the aluminum matrix due to the pressure; one is the powder metallurgy method, which mixes the matrix metal powder, binder and hollow microspheres evenly, and presses and sinters them under a certain pressure. However, the process is complicated, and the strength of the hollow sphere is high and limited by the particle size; one is the stirring method introduced by the Chinese patent CN1174895A, which uses aluminum and its alloys as the matrix, and uses the waste fly ash of thermal power plants as an aluminum matrix composite materials, but this method uses a mechanical stirring device to cause uneven distribution of the additives, and the particle size of the fly ash used is small and has poor wettability with the matrix, which affects the performance of the composite material; there is also a The method is the vacuum anti-gravity infiltration method introduced by CN102601342A, which forms a negative pressure in the casting chamber by vacuuming, and the molten metal enters the hollow ball prefabricated body through the guide part to cool, but this method uses the hollow ball prefabricated body as the skeleton, and the metal The liquid is used as a filler, resulting in a reduction in compression performance, and the process is complicated. Therefore, it is urgent to find a way to reduce the density of metal matrix composites without affecting the compressive properties of the composites, and to form a low-cost preparation method suitable for various alloys.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种泡沫金属基复合材料的制造方法，它解决了一般空心球金属基复合材料成本高、密度大、制备工艺复杂的问题。用这种方法在降低金属基复合材料密度的同时，可避免其压缩性能的降低。The object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing foamed metal matrix composites, which solves the problems of high cost, high density and complicated preparation process of general hollow spherical metal matrix composites. In this way, while reducing the density of metal matrix composites, the reduction of its compressive properties can be avoided.
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用真空吸铸和保压渗流相结合的方式，在真空吸铸充型过程中，型腔内气体稀薄，明显减少了金属液充型过程中的气阻，提高合金液的充型能力，保证合金液的复型能力；在保压条件下，保持浇注过程中混合空心球推积方式不发生显著变化，同时又避免由于压力过大造成的基体密度增大，从而保证密度降低的最大化。同时选用的空心体为Al2O3空心球、SiC空心球、C空心球、玻化微珠等等两种及两种以上相同或不同尺寸混合的空心球。本发明的金属基轻质复合材料的制备方法按如下步骤进行：In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the combination of vacuum suction casting and pressure-holding seepage. During the filling process of vacuum suction casting, the gas in the cavity is thin, which obviously reduces the gas resistance in the process of filling the molten metal and improves the quality of the alloy. The filling ability of the alloy liquid ensures the remodeling ability of the alloy liquid; under the pressure-holding condition, the thrusting method of the mixed hollow balls does not change significantly during the pouring process, and at the same time avoids the increase of the matrix density caused by excessive pressure, thereby Ensures maximum density reduction. The hollow bodies selected at the same time are Al 2 O 3 hollow spheres, SiC hollow spheres, C hollow spheres, vitrified microspheres, etc. Two or more hollow spheres with the same or different sizes mixed. The preparation method of metal-based lightweight composite material of the present invention is carried out as follows:
A，混合空心球的处理：将空心球放入浓度50％质量百分比的氢氟酸中进行酸洗处理，然后在电炉中预热到500-800℃。A. Treatment of mixed hollow spheres: put the hollow spheres into hydrofluoric acid with a concentration of 50% by mass for pickling treatment, and then preheat to 500-800°C in an electric furnace.
B，浇铸前的准备：首先在铸型底部垫一片孔直径为0.2mm，厚度为10mm的多孔陶瓷或石墨板，然后将预处理后的空心球加入到铸型中，加入量约占铸型体积的2/3，在上表层覆盖一片小孔直径为7mm，厚度为20mm的多孔陶瓷或石墨板，然后预热。B. Preparation before casting: First, place a porous ceramic or graphite plate with a hole diameter of 0.2mm and a thickness of 10mm at the bottom of the mold, and then add the pretreated hollow balls to the mold, the amount added is about 2/3 of the volume, cover the upper surface with a porous ceramic or graphite plate with a small hole diameter of 7mm and a thickness of 20mm, and then preheat.
C，金属基材料的制备：将熔化后的金属或合金液浇注到铸型中，利用真空吸铸和保压渗流相结合方法，在负压力的作用下使金属液透过多孔陶瓷或石墨板浸入空心球的间隙中，待金属液体完全浸渗之后冷却，后脱模取出多孔铸锭。C. Preparation of metal-based materials: pour the molten metal or alloy liquid into the mold, and use the combination of vacuum suction casting and pressure-holding seepage to make the metal liquid pass through the porous ceramic or graphite plate under the action of negative pressure Immerse in the gap of the hollow ball, cool down after the metal liquid is completely infiltrated, and then take out the porous ingot from the mold.
D，检测金属基复合材料的性能：取出成型的金属基复合材料，称量计算密度和孔隙度，同时采用压缩试验方法检测其力学性能，与已有方法制备的空心球复合材料的力学性能相比，此方法选用多种不同粒径的混合空心球作为填充料，在保压和真空吸铸的共同作用下，孔隙率可达60％以上，从而最大化地降低材料密度。同时与同类型产品相比，材料的压缩性能可提高20-50％。D. Testing the properties of metal matrix composites: Take out the formed metal matrix composites, weigh and calculate the density and porosity, and use the compression test method to test its mechanical properties, which are comparable to the mechanical properties of hollow sphere composites prepared by existing methods Compared with this method, a variety of mixed hollow spheres with different particle sizes are used as fillers. Under the joint action of pressure holding and vacuum suction casting, the porosity can reach more than 60%, thereby reducing the material density to the greatest extent. At the same time, compared with the same type of products, the compression performance of the material can be improved by 20-50%.
上述金属是市售的铝、镁、锌、铜、钛或铁；The aforementioned metals are commercially available aluminium, magnesium, zinc, copper, titanium or iron;
上述合金是市售的铝合金、镁合金、锌合金、铜合金、钛合金或铁合金；Above-mentioned alloy is commercially available aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, zinc alloy, copper alloy, titanium alloy or iron alloy;
上述空心球选自市售的直径为0.5-5.0mm，壁厚为0.2-1.0mm的SiC空心球、Al2O3空心球、C空心球、玻化微珠中的两种或两种以上的按任何比例混合的直径相同的混合空心球，或者直径不相同的混合空心球；The above-mentioned hollow spheres are selected from two or more kinds of commercially available SiC hollow spheres, Al 2 O 3 hollow spheres, C hollow spheres, and vitrified microspheres with a diameter of 0.5-5.0 mm and a wall thickness of 0.2-1.0 mm. Mixed hollow spheres of the same diameter or mixed hollow spheres of different diameters mixed in any proportion;
上述的真空是以机械泵的方式抽取，抽取时间为30-60min，最终的真空度为0.1-1MPa。The above-mentioned vacuum is extracted by means of a mechanical pump, the extraction time is 30-60min, and the final vacuum degree is 0.1-1MPa.
本发明的优点：Advantages of the present invention:
1、由于本发明采用真空吸铸和保压渗流相结合的方式，金属液能够充分浸入到空心球空隙中，制备出的泡沫金属孔洞匀称、可控性好，性能近乎于各向同性且无明显缺陷，与同类型产品相比压缩性能可提高20-50％。1. Since the present invention adopts the combination of vacuum suction casting and pressure-holding seepage, the molten metal can be fully immersed in the voids of the hollow balls, and the prepared metal foam has well-proportioned pores, good controllability, almost isotropic properties and no Obvious defects, compared with the same type of products, the compression performance can be improved by 20-50%.
2、由于本发明采用两种或两种以上混合空心球，在保证不影响目标产物金属基复合材料压缩性能的前提下，能够最大化地降低复合材料密度，同时工艺流程简单，易实现连续化铸造生产。2. Since the present invention uses two or more mixed hollow spheres, the density of the composite material can be reduced to the greatest extent without affecting the compression performance of the target product metal matrix composite material. At the same time, the process flow is simple and it is easy to achieve continuous production. Foundry production.
3、本发明对基体金属几乎无选择，可以根据需要选择不同的基体金属，孔隙率可以达到60％以上。3. The present invention has almost no choice for the matrix metal, and different matrix metals can be selected according to the needs, and the porosity can reach more than 60%.
4、本发明工序少、对空心球种类及尺寸适应范围广、操作简单，还能实现连铸连轧，从而实现具有机械化和自动化的连续铸造生产，大大提高了生产效率4. The invention has few working procedures, wide adaptability to hollow ball types and sizes, simple operation, and can realize continuous casting and rolling, thereby realizing mechanized and automated continuous casting production and greatly improving production efficiency
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的工艺流程示意图，Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention,
图2是本发明的具体实施方式中所用模具的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a mold used in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
其中1—保压模具，2—坩埚，3—电阻加热炉，4—大孔多孔陶瓷或石墨，5—空心球，6—真空室，7—小孔多孔陶瓷或石墨抽，8—抽真空系统。Among them, 1—pressure holding mold, 2—crucible, 3—resistance heating furnace, 4—macroporous porous ceramic or graphite, 5—hollow ball, 6—vacuum chamber, 7—small porous ceramic or graphite pumping, 8—vacuumizing system.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本实施方式选用铝合金为基体金属，选用按任意比例混合的SiC空心球和Al2O3空心球5，该空心球的直径均为0.5mm-5mm，SiC空心球与Al2O3空心球熔点高、硬度大，可与铝合金充分混合又不显著降低合金材料的压缩性能。In this embodiment, aluminum alloy is selected as the base metal, and SiC hollow spheres and Al 2 O 3 hollow spheres 5 mixed in any proportion are selected. The diameters of the hollow spheres are both 0.5mm-5mm. With high melting point and high hardness, it can be fully mixed with aluminum alloy without significantly reducing the compressibility of the alloy material.
制备方法所用的模具(参阅图2)由保压模具1、坩埚2、电阻加热炉3、大孔多孔陶瓷或石墨板4、真空室6、小孔多孔陶瓷或石墨板7和抽真空系统8组成。其制备步骤是：(1)将直径分布在0.5-5mm范围内空心球进行酸洗或300-800℃热处理2-5h；(2)在铸型底部垫一片孔直径0.2mm厚10mm的市售的小孔多孔陶瓷或石墨7，然后将预处理后的空心球加入到铸型中，表层覆盖一片孔直径7mm厚20mm的市售的大孔多孔陶瓷或石墨4，预热并保温在500℃；(3)对保压模具1和铸型在650℃下进行预热处理后，将650-750℃的铝液浇注到铸坯中；(4)打开铸型底部的阀门，用机械泵抽取真空30-60min，待真空度达到约为0.1-1MPa，在负压作用下使金属铝液充分浸入空心球的间隙中；(5)待金属铝液体完全浸渗之后，停止真空系统8抽真空并冷却到室温；(6)凝固完毕后脱模取出多孔铸锭。采用此法生产的泡沫铝材料与同类型产品相比，空心球与铝基体的接触面更紧密，孔洞在金属内的分布更均匀，具有更高的抗压强度，同时可根据需要制备不同密度范围的泡沫金属产品。The mold (referring to Fig. 2) used for the preparation method consists of a pressure-holding mold 1, a crucible 2, a resistance heating furnace 3, a large-pore porous ceramic or a graphite plate 4, a vacuum chamber 6, a small-pore porous ceramic or a graphite plate 7 and a vacuum system 8 composition. The preparation steps are: (1) pickling hollow spheres with a diameter of 0.5-5mm or heat treatment at 300-800°C for 2-5h; Small-pore porous ceramics or graphite 7, and then the pretreated hollow balls are added to the mold, the surface layer is covered with a commercially available large-porous porous ceramics or graphite 4 with a hole diameter of 7 mm and a thickness of 20 mm, preheated and kept at 500 ° C ; (3) After preheating the pressure-holding mold 1 and the mold at 650°C, pour the molten aluminum at 650-750°C into the billet; (4) Open the valve at the bottom of the mold and extract it with a mechanical pump Vacuum for 30-60 minutes, when the vacuum degree reaches about 0.1-1MPa, under the action of negative pressure, the metal aluminum liquid is fully immersed in the gap of the hollow ball; (5) After the metal aluminum liquid is completely infiltrated, stop the vacuum system 8 to vacuumize and cooled to room temperature; (6) after solidification is completed, the porous ingot is removed from the mold. Compared with the same type of products, the aluminum foam material produced by this method has a tighter contact surface between the hollow sphere and the aluminum matrix, and the distribution of holes in the metal is more uniform, and has higher compressive strength. At the same time, different densities can be prepared according to needs. Range of metal foam products.
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