CN104588617A - One-step method for preparing metal matrix lightweight composites - Google Patents
One-step method for preparing metal matrix lightweight composites Download PDFInfo
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- CN104588617A CN104588617A CN201510036143.2A CN201510036143A CN104588617A CN 104588617 A CN104588617 A CN 104588617A CN 201510036143 A CN201510036143 A CN 201510036143A CN 104588617 A CN104588617 A CN 104588617A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009916 joint effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 whisker Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- VRAIHTAYLFXSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3].[AlH3] VRAIHTAYLFXSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/14—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product the objects being filamentary or particulate in form
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a one-stage method for preparing a metal matrix light-weighted composite material. The invention uses the method of pressure maintaining percolation and vacuum suction casting to make molten metal immerse into the gaps among hollow spheres by penetrating through a porous ceramic plate or a graphite plate under the function of negative pressure, after the molten metal is cooled down after totally infiltration, and finally, the molten metal is demoulded and taken out, then a foamed metal matrix composite material including closed bubbles can be obtained. The hollow spheres are mixed hollow spheres of two or more than two kinds of Al2O3 hollow spheres, SiC hollow spheres, C hollow spheres or glazed hollow beads of different or same sizes. The porosity of the metal matrix composite material prepared by the method of the invention can reach more than 60% and the density can be obviously reduced, besides, the compression strength can be improved by 20-50% compared with the similar product, so that the high-strength and light-weighted matrix light-weighted composite material with various functions like damp shock absorption, sound insulation and noise reduction, energy absorption can be obtained. According to the one-stage method for preparing the metal matrix light-weighted composite material disclosed by the invention, the process is simple, the procedure is less and the applicable range to the varieties and sizes of the hollow sphere particles is wide, and nearly no selection to the matrix metal, the foam metal products of different densities can be prepared.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method that a step prepares Metal Substrate light composite material.Specifically utilize the closed hollow spheroid filler of one or more different sizes, prepare the method for foaming structure metal-base composites, hollow ball used is without the need to preparing precast body in a mold, but a step prepares Metal Substrate light composite material.The material adopting this kind of method to prepare not only has excellent compression performance, also significantly can reduce density of material simultaneously, thus reach lightweight object.
Background technology
Metal-base composites take metal or alloy as matrix, and with the composite that fiber, whisker, particle etc. are reinforcement, it is transverse direction and shear strength is higher, the combination property such as toughness and fatigue is better in mechanical property, advantages such as also there is heat conduction, conduction simultaneously, wear-resisting, thermal coefficient of expansion is little, damping and amortization is good, non-hygroscopic, be not aging and pollution-free, but also there is the shortcomings such as cost is high, density large, complicated process of preparation.Such as the reinforcement such as fiber, whisker is expensive, complicated process of preparation, the application of this kind of metal-base composites is caused to be restricted, and as the reinforced particulate relative low price of reinforcement, the selectable wide ranges of matrix alloy, and Conventional processing methods can be adopted to prepare and secondary operations, be easy to realize batch and large-scale production, there is good economic benefit.In recent years, the application of high-strength light alloy material in fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, building materials is more and more extensive, and the density reducing metal-base composites when significantly not affecting compression performance is the light-weighted main path of alloy material.Foam metal material is the Main way of material lightweight, and be divided into through hole and closed pore two class by the structure of hole, wherein closed-cell foam metal material has better intensity, has structural material and functional material characteristic concurrently and have extensive use because of it.
With the metal-base composites that hollow ball is filled, there is the characteristics such as lightweight, high strength and good buffering energy-absorbing effect.Al is had for falling low-density obturator
2o
3hollow ball, SiC hollow ball, SiO
2hollow ball, C hollow ball, glass microballoon, powder ash or its mixing hollow ball.Matrix is aluminium alloy mainly, also has magnesium base, iron-based, copper base, titanium base, lead base etc.Can the amount of dissolving according to the density domination of composite and hollow ball, the hollow ball volume fraction in composite can reach 40%-60%.
Find that the method for production Metal Substrate Hollow Sphere Composites mainly contains following several through retrieval: a kind of Pressure-seepage Flow casting being Chinese patent CN103614586 and introducing, it makes metal bath seepage flow enter hollow ball gap by ambient pressure, but this method uncontrollable seepage flow process, feeding capacity are poor, simultaneously because pressure effect causes aluminum substrate density to increase; One is powder metallurgic method, and by parent metal powder, adhesive and tiny balloon uniform stirring, compacting sintering is shaping under a certain pressure, but this complex technical process, and hollow ball requirement of strength is high and limit by particle diameter; A kind of paddling process being Chinese patent CN1174895A and introducing, it utilizes Aluminum-aluminum alloy for matrix, using thermal power plant's waste material flying dust as the aluminum matrix composite of additive, but this method adopts mechanical stirring device to cause the skewness of additive, the particle size of fly ash used is less and poor with the wetability of matrix, and this all have impact on the performance of made composite; A kind of method is also had to be the vacuum antigravity THROUGH METHOD that CN102601342A introduces, it makes casting chamber form negative pressure by vacuumizing, metal bath enters in hollow ball precast body through diversion component and cools, but the method is for skeleton with hollow ball precast body, molten metal is as filler, thus cause the reduction of compression performance, and complex technical process.Therefore, under the prerequisite not affecting composite compression performance, find the method reducing metal-base composites density, form the low cost preparation method being applicable to multiple alloy and become urgent problem.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of manufacture method of foam metal based composites, it solve that general hollow ball metal-base composites cost is high, density is large, the problem of complicated process of preparation.In this way while reduction metal-base composites density, the reduction of its compression performance can be avoided.
In order to achieve the above object, the mode that the present invention adopts suction pouring and pressurize seepage flow to combine, in suction pouring cavity filling process, type intracavity gas is thin, considerably reduce the vapour lock in liquid metal filling process, improve the mold-filling capacity of aluminium alloy, ensure the replica ability of aluminium alloy; Under dwell condition, keep mixing in casting process hollow ball and push away long-pending mode and marked change does not occur, avoid again the matrix density caused because pressure is excessive to increase simultaneously, thus ensure the maximization that density reduces.The hollow body simultaneously selected is Al
2o
3the hollow ball of hollow ball, SiC hollow ball, C hollow ball, glass bead etc. two kinds and two or more identical or different dimensional hybrids.The preparation method of Metal Substrate light composite material of the present invention carries out as follows:
A, the process of mixing hollow ball: hydrofluoric acid hollow ball being put into concentration 50% mass percent carries out pickling processes, is then preheating to 500-800 DEG C in electric furnace.
B, preparation before casting: first padding a slice bore dia bottom casting mold is 0.2mm, thickness is porous ceramics or the graphite cake of 10mm, then pretreated hollow ball is joined in casting mold, addition accounts for 2/3 of casting mold volume, covering a slice hole diameter at upper epidermis is 7mm, and thickness is porous ceramics or the graphite cake of 20mm, then preheating.
C, the preparation of metal_based material: the metal or alloy liquid after fusing is poured in casting mold, suction pouring and pressurize seepage flow is utilized to combine method, under the effect of negative pressure, make molten metal immerse in the gap of hollow ball through porous ceramics or graphite cake, treat that metal liquid cools after infiltrating completely, porous ingot casting is taken out in the rear demoulding.
D, detect the performance of metal-base composites: take out shaping metal-base composites, weigh bulk density and porosity, adopt compression test method to detect its mechanical property simultaneously, compared with the mechanical property of the Hollow Sphere Composites prepared with existing method, the method selects the mixing hollow ball of multiple different-grain diameter as inserts, under the acting in conjunction of pressurize and suction pouring, porosity can reach more than 60%, thus reduces density of material substantially.Simultaneously compared with similar-type products, the compression performance of material can improve 20-50%.
Above-mentioned metal is commercially available aluminium, magnesium, zinc, copper, titanium or iron;
Above-mentioned alloy is commercially available aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, kirsite, copper alloy, titanium alloy or ferroalloy;
It is 0.5-5.0mm that above-mentioned hollow ball is selected from commercially available diameter, and wall thickness is SiC hollow ball, the Al of 0.2-1.0mm
2o
3two or more the mixing hollow ball identical in the diameter of any ratio mixing in hollow ball, C hollow ball, glass bead, or the mixing hollow ball that diameter is not identical;
Above-mentioned vacuum extracts in the mode of mechanical pump, and the extraction time is 30-60min, and final vacuum is 0.1-1MPa.
Advantage of the present invention:
1, due to mode that the present invention adopts suction pouring and pressurize seepage flow to combine, molten metal can fully be immersed in hollow ball space, the foam metal hole prepared is well-balanced, controllability good, performance is near isotropism and no significant defect, and compression performance can improve 20-50% compared with similar-type products.
2, because the present invention adopts two or more mixing hollow ball, under guarantee does not affect the prerequisite of target product metal-base composites compression performance, can reduce composite density substantially, technological process is simultaneously simple, easily realizes serialization Foundry Production.
3, the present invention is to parent metal almost without selection, and can select different parent metals as required, porosity can reach more than 60%.
4, operation of the present invention few, to hollow ball kind and size wide accommodation, simple to operate, can also continuous casting and rolling be realized, thus the continuous casting realizing having mechanization and automation is produced, and substantially increases production efficiency
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention,
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of mould therefor in the specific embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein 1-pressurize mould, 2-crucible, 3-resistance-heated furnace, 4-big hole porous ceramic film or graphite, 5-hollow ball, 6-vacuum chamber, 7-aperture porous ceramics or graphite are taken out, 8-pumped vacuum systems.
Detailed description of the invention
Present embodiment aluminium alloy is parent metal, selects the SiC hollow ball and Al that mix in any proportion
2o
3hollow ball 5, the diameter of this hollow ball is 0.5mm-5mm, SiC hollow ball and Al
2o
3hollow ball fusing point is high, hardness large, can fully mix with aluminium alloy and significantly not reduce the compression performance of alloy material.
Preparation method's mould (consulting Fig. 2) used is made up of pressurize mould 1, crucible 2, resistance-heated furnace 3, big hole porous ceramic film or graphite cake 4, vacuum chamber 6, aperture porous ceramics or graphite cake 7 and pumped vacuum systems 8.Its preparation process is: diameter is distributed in hollow ball within the scope of 0.5-5mm and carries out pickling or 300-800 DEG C of heat treatment 2-5h by (1); (2) bottom casting mold, pad commercially available aperture porous ceramics or the graphite 7 of the thick 10mm of a slice bore dia 0.2mm, then pretreated hollow ball is joined in casting mold, the commercially available big hole porous ceramic film of the thick 20mm of Surface mulch a slice bore dia 7mm or graphite 4, preheating is also incubated at 500 DEG C; (3), after the pre-heat treatment being carried out at 650 DEG C to pressurize mould 1 and casting mold, the aluminium liquid of 650-750 DEG C is poured in strand; (4) open the valve bottom casting mold, with mechanical pump extracting vacuum 30-60min, treat that vacuum reaches and be about 0.1-1MPa, under suction function, make metal aluminium liquid fully immerse in the gap of hollow ball; (5), after treating that metallic aluminium liquid infiltrates completely, vacuum system 8 is stopped to vacuumize and cool to room temperature; (6) after solidifying, porous ingot casting is taken out in the demoulding.Adopt foamed aluminium material that this method is produced compared with similar-type products, the contact surface of hollow ball and aluminum substrate is tightr, hole is more evenly distributed intrametallic, has higher compression strength, can prepare the foam metal product of different densities scope as required simultaneously.
Claims (1)
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Cited By (24)
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CN104907502A (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2015-09-16 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing large-size metal soluble ball |
CN105349817A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-24 | 无锡桥阳机械制造有限公司 | Technology for preparing composite material |
CN106435242A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2017-02-22 | 北京中煤煤炭洗选技术有限公司 | Metal-based ceramic composite material and preparation method thereof |
CN106756196A (en) * | 2017-01-26 | 2017-05-31 | 苏州思创源博电子科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of carborundum aluminium base brake disk material |
CN107287463A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-10-24 | 西安法迪复合材料有限公司 | A kind of metal matrix ceramic composites |
CN108486400A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-09-04 | 清华大学 | A kind of Metal Substrate hollow ball composite foam material and preparation method thereof |
CN108684127A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-10-19 | 上海空间推进研究所 | Emitter wetting method and its dedicated unit |
CN109108288A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2019-01-01 | 南京工程学院 | A kind of method that powder injection forming prepares hollow sphere Metal Substrate light composite material |
CN109513906A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-03-26 | 宁波赛孚新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of hollow sphere metal composite foam production method |
CN109777985A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-05-21 | 华南理工大学 | High-strength and high-damping NiTi-based composite foam damping material and its preparation method and application |
CN110656258A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-01-07 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Preparation method of metal/ceramic composite porous material |
CN110895122A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2020-03-20 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of metal-ceramic gradient composite armor and preparation method thereof |
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CN103614586B (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2016-04-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Al 2o 3the preparation method that hollow ball/aluminium is composite porous |
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- 2015-01-23 CN CN201510036143.2A patent/CN104588617B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN104907502A (en) * | 2015-06-02 | 2015-09-16 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing large-size metal soluble ball |
CN106435242A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2017-02-22 | 北京中煤煤炭洗选技术有限公司 | Metal-based ceramic composite material and preparation method thereof |
CN105349817A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-24 | 无锡桥阳机械制造有限公司 | Technology for preparing composite material |
CN107287463A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-10-24 | 西安法迪复合材料有限公司 | A kind of metal matrix ceramic composites |
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CN109108288A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2019-01-01 | 南京工程学院 | A kind of method that powder injection forming prepares hollow sphere Metal Substrate light composite material |
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