CN107641727A - A kind of method that high-volume fractional SiC particulate reinforced Al matrix composite is prepared by high velocity compacted - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing high-volume SiC particle-reinforced Al-based composite materials through high-speed pressing, which includes the steps of oxidation treatment and mixing of SiC powder, high-speed press molding, _N2 atmosphere protection sintering and cooling steps. The invention prepares a high-volume-fraction SiC particle-reinforced Al-based composite material green compact through a high-speed pressing technique. The green green compact prepared by the process has high density and uniform density distribution, high productivity, and low cost, and can form large parts economically. The relative density of SiC particle-reinforced Al compact is 85-92% after single pressing by high-speed pressing technology, and the higher compact density is beneficial to reduce the sintering temperature and sintering time. Under the protection of _N2 atmosphere, the compact is heated to above the melting point of the aluminum alloy for liquid phase sintering, and the liquid phase fills the gaps between the silicon carbide particles and the metallurgical bonding between the aluminum alloy powders proceeds simultaneously. After the sintered compact is solidified and cooled, a silicon carbide reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with uniform silicon carbide distribution, a relative density of 94-98%, and a thermal conductivity of 150-190W/mK is obtained.

Description

A High Volume Fraction SiC Particle Reinforced Al Matrix Composites Prepared by High Speed Pressing method of feeding

technical field

The invention relates to the field of metal-based composite materials, in particular to a method for preparing high-volume SiC particle-reinforced Al-based composite materials through high-speed pressing.

Background technique

As a reinforcing material, silicon carbide particles have the advantages of high melting point, high thermal stability, low thermal expansion coefficient, and low cost. Its thermal expansion coefficient is 4.7×10 ^-6 K ^-1 , and its thermal conductivity is 80-240W/mK. material, has the advantages of high thermal conductivity (170-220W/mK, low density (2.7g/cm ² )), low price and easy processing, and the high volume fraction SiC reinforced Al-based composite material prepared by combining the advantages of the two has Excellent properties such as low density, high thermal conductivity, and controllable thermal expansion coefficient have become one of the hotspots in the research of metal matrix composites today, and have very broad application prospects in aerospace, large-scale integrated circuits, and military electronic equipment.

At present, the preparation methods of SiC particle reinforced Al matrix composites with high volume fraction include powder metallurgy, vacuum hot pressing sintering, pressureless infiltration and so on. Among the above methods, the preparation of composite materials by spark plasma sintering has the advantages of accurate composition ratio, uniform distribution of reinforcement in A1 matrix, low sintering temperature and short holding time, etc., but this equipment is mainly used for laboratory research and is rarely used for Industrial production. In the process of preparing composite materials by vacuum hot pressing, there are special equipment to provide high pressure and vacuum. The equipment has high cost and low production efficiency. In the process of preparing SiC/Al composites by pressureless infiltration, the infiltration temperature is much higher than the melting point of the aluminum matrix, and Al ₄ C ₃ is easily formed, and the ratio of the matrix to the reinforcement is not easy to control during the infiltration process. During the process some closed pores cannot be filled by the matrix.

Invention content:

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: in view of the current technical limitations and deficiencies in the preparation of high volume fraction SiC particle reinforced Al-based composite materials, to provide a relatively low preparation cost, simplified process flow, and finally obtain low porosity, thermal A method for SiC-reinforced Al-based composite materials with high conductivity and high volume fraction, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

The present invention solves its technical problem and adopts the following technical solutions:

A method for preparing a high volume fraction SiC reinforced Al-based composite material, comprising the following steps:

(1) Surface treatment of silicon carbide powder:

Ultrasonic vibration of silicon carbide powder in deionized water for 30-60 minutes to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface of silicon carbide, and then dry it in an oven at 150-200°C for 10-12 hours, then put the dried silicon carbide Put it into a corundum crucible, then put it into a high-temperature furnace, keep it warm at a temperature of 1000-1200 ° C for 2-4 hours, and the heating rate is 2-5 ° C / min, so that a dense _SiO2 layer is formed on the surface, and then with the furnace cool down.

(2) Mixing:

Add aluminum alloy powder to the oxidized silicon carbide powder, wherein the silicon carbide powder accounts for 30-50% of the volume fraction of the mixed powder, and the aluminum alloy powder accounts for 50-70% of the volume fraction of the mixed powder, and the mixed raw materials Mix in a drum mixer for 12-15 hours at a speed of 180r/min to obtain a mixed powder with good uniformity;

(3) High-speed compression molding:

Using the gravitational potential energy as the energy storage method, the mixed powder obtained in step (2) is pressed into a green body by a high-speed compaction test machine, the weight of the weight is 50-100Kg, and the weight is raised to a height of 0.2-1.0m, and passed Adjust the quality of the hammer and the pressing height to change the pressing energy, and press the mixed powder through the free fall movement of the weight to obtain a SiC-reinforced Al-based composite compact;

(4) N ₂ atmosphere protection sintering:

Put the SiC-reinforced Al-based composite compact in a tubular atmosphere furnace, set the sintering temperature to 680-720°C, protect the sintering under _N2 atmosphere, and heat up at a rate of 3-4°C/min. hour, obtain the SiC reinforced Al-based composite material pre-finished product;

(5) cooling:

Control the SiC reinforced Al-based composite material pre-finished product to cool down to 400-450°C through a tube-type atmosphere furnace, the cooling rate is 2-3°C/min, keep the temperature for 1-3 hours, and cool with the furnace. After it cools to room temperature, take out the sample. The aluminum alloy and oxide layer attached to the surface of the sample are removed to obtain the finished SiC particle reinforced Al-based composite material.

In the above step (1), the particle size of the SiC particles is 5-40um.

In the above step (2), the aluminum alloy powder is 6061 aluminum alloy powder, and the particle size of the 6061 aluminum alloy powder is 1-20um.

In the above step (3), the high-speed pressing is one-time pressing molding, and zinc stearate is used to lubricate the inner wall of the mold. After the compact is pressed, there is no delamination or missing corners. After a single pressing, the relative density of the SiC particle-reinforced Al compact is 85- 92%.

In the above step (4), the compact is placed in a corundum burning boat, and its upper and lower surfaces are covered with 2-3mm thick 6061 aluminum alloy powder. Before sintering, the tube atmosphere furnace is fed with N ₂ for 0.5-1 hour to remove residual air and prevent the green compact from being oxidized.

In the above step (5), the thickness of the aluminum alloy and oxide layer removed from the surface of the sample is 2-3 mm.

The technical parameters of the SiC-reinforced Al-based composite material prepared by the method of the invention are: the density rate is 94.0%-98.0%, and the thermal conductivity is 150-190W/mK.

The SiC reinforced Al-based composite material prepared by the method of the invention can be applied to the fields of aerospace, large-scale integrated circuits, and military electronic equipment.

The basic mechanism of the invention is: in the high-speed pressing process, the mixed powder is mainly densified by filling and deformation. At the same time, silicon carbide is fragmented during high-speed collision, filling the gap between particles, further improving the compactness of the compact, and destroying the oxide layer on the surface of aluminum alloy powder during high-speed collision and friction, forming a cold weld The interface and fresh surface are favorable for densification during sintering. Therefore, a compact with relatively high density can be obtained in the pressing stage. At a sintering temperature of 680-720°C under the protection of N ₂ atmosphere, the SiO ₂ oxide layer on the surface of SiC particles and molten Al react at the interface, which is beneficial to the interface bonding of SiC particles to strengthen the Al-based composite material: 2Al+SiO2+ Mg=MgAl ₂ O ₄ +Si, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the SiC particle reinforced Al-based composite material, and the Si in the reaction product fills the gap in the sintered body, reduces its porosity, and increases the density of the material. Finally, SiC particle-reinforced Al matrix composites with high strength, high density and high volume fraction were prepared.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The SiC particle-reinforced Al-based composite material is pressed by high-speed pressing, which effectively increases the relative density of the compact. Since the high density of the compact can shorten the sintering time, it is further beneficial to the control of the grain size, thereby improving the performance of the product and reducing the cost. The entire high-speed pressing process can be fully automated, which greatly improves production efficiency.

2. The preparation process is simple. In the prepared SiC particle reinforced Al-based composite material, the relative density of SiC particles is high, the reinforcement is evenly distributed in the Al matrix, the volume fraction is large, the sintering temperature is low, and the production cost is low.

3. Finally, a SiC particle-reinforced Al-based composite material with a density rate of 94.0%-98.0%, a thermal conductivity of 150-190W/mK, and a volume fraction of 50% is finally prepared.

At present, a large number of researches at home and abroad basically focus on the research and development of SiC reinforced Al-based composite materials with medium and high volume fractions prepared by pressureless infiltration method. The prepared materials have excellent performance and can meet the requirements of light weight, high power density and high Reliability and long-life design requirements, but high equipment costs and complex processes limit the application of SiC-reinforced Al-based composites with high volume fractions. The powder metallurgy method (high-speed pressing + pressureless sintering) can be used to prepare high-volume SiC-reinforced Al-based composites at low cost and high efficiency, and the performance can meet the design requirements. The high volume fraction SiC reinforced Al-based composite material has a broader application prospect in aerospace, large-scale integrated circuits, and military electronic equipment.

Compared with other methods in the background technology, the preparation process of the high-speed pressing-pressureless sintering method of the present invention is simple, and the high-speed pressing technology greatly shortens the preparation time of the composite powder compact, and the prepared compact has high density and uniform distribution, which is beneficial to The densification of the compound during the sintering process makes the prepared SiC-reinforced A1-based composite material have low porosity and good thermal conductivity. This process has high production efficiency and low cost, which promotes the large-scale application of SiC-reinforced A1-based composite material.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the metallographic spectrum of the SiC particle reinforced Al-based composite material sample prepared in Example 4 of the material of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the SEM spectrum of the SiC particle-reinforced Al-based composite material sample prepared in Example 4 of the material of the present invention.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited.

Example 1:

A method for preparing a high volume fraction SiC reinforced Al-based composite material, comprising the following steps:

(1) Surface treatment of silicon carbide powder:

Ultrasonic vibration of silicon carbide powder in deionized water for 45 minutes to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface of silicon carbide, and then dry it in an oven at 200°C for 12 hours, put the dried silicon carbide into a corundum crucible, and then Put it into a high-temperature furnace, keep it warm at 1200°C for 2 hours, and heat up at a rate of 5°C/min to form a dense _SiO2 layer on the surface, and then cool with the furnace.

(2) Mixing:

Add 6061 aluminum alloy powder to the oxidized silicon carbide powder, wherein the silicon carbide powder accounts for 40% of the volume fraction of the mixed powder, and the 6061 aluminum alloy powder accounts for 60% of the volume fraction of the mixed powder, and the mixed raw material is placed in Mix in a drum mixer for 12 hours at a speed of 180r/min to obtain a mixed powder with good uniformity;

(3) High-speed compression molding:

Adopt gravitational potential energy as the energy storage method, press the mixed powder high-speed compaction test machine that step (2) makes green body, the weight of the weight is 50Kg, the height of the weight is raised to 0.2m, by adjusting the weight of the weight Change the pressing energy with the pressing height, and press the mixed powder through the free fall motion of the weight to obtain a SiC-reinforced Al-based composite compact;

(4) N ₂ atmosphere protection sintering:

Place the SiC-reinforced Al-based composite compact in a tubular atmosphere furnace, set the sintering temperature to 700 °C, protect the sintering under _N2 atmosphere, and heat up at a rate of 3 °C/min. After reaching the predetermined sintering temperature, keep it for 2 hours to obtain SiC-enhanced Al matrix composite pre-finished products;

(5) cooling:

Control the pre-finished product of SiC-reinforced Al-based composite material through a tube-type atmosphere furnace to cool down to 400°C, with a cooling rate of 2°C/min, keep warm for 2 hours, and cool with the furnace. After cooling to room temperature, take out the sample and remove the particles attached to the surface of the sample aluminum alloy and an oxide layer to obtain a SiC particle reinforced Al-based composite material finished product.

In the above step (1), the particle size of the SiC particles is 5-40um.

In the above step (2), the aluminum alloy powder is 6061 aluminum alloy powder, and the particle size of the 6061 aluminum alloy powder is 1-20um.

In the above step (3), the high-speed pressing is one-time pressing molding, using zinc stearate to lubricate the inner wall of the mold, and there is no delamination or missing corners after pressing the green compact. After a single pressing, the relative density of the SiC particle-reinforced Al green compact is 88.4%. .

In the above step (4), the compact is placed in a corundum burning boat, and its upper and lower surfaces are covered with 2-3mm thick 6061 aluminum alloy powder. Before sintering, the tube atmosphere furnace was fed with _N2 for 1 hour to remove residual air and prevent the green compact from being oxidized.

In the above step (5), the thickness of the aluminum alloy and oxide layer removed from the surface of the sample is 2-3 mm.

Experimental test:

The densification rate of the obtained SiC particle-reinforced Al-based composite material is 96.32%, and the thermal conductivity is 157.9 W/mK.

Example 2:

A method for preparing a high volume fraction SiC reinforced Al-based composite material, comprising the following steps:

(1) Surface treatment of silicon carbide powder:

Ultrasonic vibration of silicon carbide powder in deionized water for 45 minutes to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface of silicon carbide, and then dry it in an oven at 200°C for 12 hours, put the dried silicon carbide into a corundum crucible, and then Put it into a high-temperature furnace, keep it warm at 1200°C for 2 hours, and heat up at a rate of 5°C/min to form a dense _SiO2 layer on the surface, and then cool with the furnace.

(2) Mixing:

Add 6061 aluminum alloy powder to the silicon carbide powder after the oxidation treatment, wherein the silicon carbide powder accounts for 50% of the volume fraction of the mixed powder, and the 6061 aluminum alloy powder accounts for 50% of the volume fraction of the mixed powder, and the mixed raw material is placed in Mix in a drum mixer for 12 hours at a speed of 180r/min to obtain a mixed powder with good uniformity;

(3) High-speed compression molding:

Adopt gravitational potential energy as the energy storage mode, press the mixed powder high-speed compaction test machine that step (2) makes into green body, the weight of the weight is 50Kg, the height of the weight is raised to 0.3m, by adjusting the weight of the weight Change the pressing energy with the pressing height, and press the mixed powder through the free fall motion of the weight to obtain a SiC-reinforced Al-based composite compact;

(4) N ₂ atmosphere protection sintering:

Place the SiC-reinforced Al-based composite compact in a tubular atmosphere furnace, set the sintering temperature to 680°C, protect the sintering under _N2 atmosphere, and heat up at a rate of 3°C/min. After reaching the predetermined sintering temperature, keep it for 2 hours to obtain SiC-reinforced Al matrix composite pre-finished products;

(5) cooling:

Control the pre-finished product of SiC-reinforced Al-based composite material through a tube-type atmosphere furnace to cool down to 400°C, with a cooling rate of 2°C/min, keep warm for 2 hours, and cool with the furnace. After cooling to room temperature, take out the sample and remove the particles attached to the surface of the sample aluminum alloy and an oxide layer to obtain a SiC particle reinforced Al-based composite material finished product.

In the above step (1), the particle size of the SiC particles is 5-40um.

In the above step (2), the aluminum alloy powder is 6061 aluminum alloy powder, and the particle size of the 6061 aluminum alloy powder is 1-20um.

In the above step (3), the high-speed pressing is one-time pressing molding, using zinc stearate to lubricate the inner wall of the mold, and there is no delamination or missing corners after pressing the green compact. After a single pressing, the relative density of the SiC particle-reinforced Al green compact is 88.4%. .

In the above step (4), the compact is placed in a corundum burning boat, and its upper and lower surfaces are covered with 2-3mm thick 6061 aluminum alloy powder. Before sintering, the tube atmosphere furnace was fed with _N2 for 1 hour to remove residual air and prevent the green compact from being oxidized.

In the above step (5), the thickness of the aluminum alloy and oxide layer removed from the surface of the sample is 2-3mm.

Experimental test:

The densification rate of the obtained SiC particle-reinforced Al-based composite material is 94.59%, and the thermal conductivity is 165.7W/mK.

Example 3:

A method for preparing a high volume fraction SiC reinforced Al-based composite material, comprising the following steps:

(1) Surface treatment of silicon carbide powder:

Ultrasonic vibration of silicon carbide powder in deionized water for 45 minutes to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface of silicon carbide, and then dry it in an oven at 200°C for 12 hours, put the dried silicon carbide into a corundum crucible, and then Put it into a high-temperature furnace, keep it warm at 1200°C for 2 hours, and heat up at a rate of 5°C/min to form a dense _SiO2 layer on the surface, and then cool with the furnace.

(2) Mixing:

Add 6061 aluminum alloy powder to the silicon carbide powder after the oxidation treatment, wherein the silicon carbide powder accounts for 50% of the volume fraction of the mixed powder, and the 6061 aluminum alloy powder accounts for 50% of the volume fraction of the mixed powder, and the mixed raw material is placed in Mix in a drum mixer for 12 hours at a speed of 180r/min to obtain a mixed powder with good uniformity;

(3) High-speed compression molding:

Adopt gravitational potential energy as the energy storage mode, press the mixed powder high-speed compaction test machine that step (2) makes into green body, the weight of the weight is 50Kg, the height of the weight is raised to 0.3m, by adjusting the weight of the weight Change the pressing energy with the pressing height, and press the mixed powder through the free fall motion of the weight to obtain a SiC-reinforced Al-based composite compact;

(4) N ₂ atmosphere protection sintering:

Place the SiC-reinforced Al-based composite compact in a tubular atmosphere furnace, set the sintering temperature to 700 °C, protect the sintering under _N2 atmosphere, and heat up at a rate of 3 °C/min. After reaching the predetermined sintering temperature, keep it for 2 hours to obtain SiC-enhanced Al matrix composite pre-finished products;

(5) cooling:

Control the pre-finished product of SiC-reinforced Al-based composite material through a tube-type atmosphere furnace to cool down to 400°C, with a cooling rate of 2°C/min, keep warm for 2 hours, and cool with the furnace. After cooling to room temperature, take out the sample and remove the particles attached to the surface of the sample aluminum alloy and an oxide layer to obtain a SiC particle reinforced Al-based composite material finished product.

In the above step (1), the particle size of the SiC particles is 5-40um.

In the above step (2), the aluminum alloy powder is 6061 aluminum alloy powder, and the particle size of the 6061 aluminum alloy powder is 1-20um.

In the above step (3), the high-speed pressing is one-time pressing molding, and zinc stearate is used to lubricate the inner wall of the mold. After the compact is pressed, there is no delamination or missing corners. After a single pressing, the relative density of the SiC particle-reinforced Al compact is 89.6%. .

In the above step (4), the compact is placed in a corundum burning boat, and its upper and lower surfaces are covered with 2-3mm thick 6061 aluminum alloy powder. Before sintering, the tube atmosphere furnace was fed with _N2 for 1 hour to remove residual air and prevent the green compact from being oxidized.

In the above step (5), the thickness of the aluminum alloy and oxide layer removed from the surface of the sample is 2-3 mm.

The densification rate of the finished SiC particle-reinforced Al-based composite material obtained in this example is 96.11%, and the thermal conductivity is 170.5 W/mK.

Example 4:

A method for preparing a high volume fraction SiC reinforced Al-based composite material, comprising the following steps:

(1) Surface treatment of silicon carbide powder:

Ultrasonic vibration of silicon carbide powder in deionized water for 45 minutes to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface of silicon carbide, and then dry it in an oven at 200°C for 12 hours, put the dried silicon carbide into a corundum crucible, and then Put it into a high-temperature furnace, keep it warm at 1200°C for 2 hours, and heat up at a rate of 5°C/min to form a dense _SiO2 layer on the surface, and then cool with the furnace.

(2) Mixing:

Add 6061 aluminum alloy powder to the silicon carbide powder after the oxidation treatment, wherein the silicon carbide powder accounts for 50% of the volume fraction of the mixed powder, and the 6061 aluminum alloy powder accounts for 50% of the volume fraction of the mixed powder, and the mixed raw material is placed in Mix in a drum mixer for 12 hours at a speed of 180r/min to obtain a mixed powder with good uniformity;

(3) High-speed compression molding:

Adopt gravitational potential energy as energy storage mode, the mixed powder high-speed compaction test machine that step (2) makes is pressed green body, and the heavy hammer weight is 50Kg, and the heavy hammer is raised to the height of 0.8m, by adjusting the heavy hammer quality Change the pressing energy with the pressing height, and press the mixed powder through the free fall motion of the weight to obtain a SiC-reinforced Al-based composite compact;

(4) N ₂ atmosphere protection sintering:

Place the SiC-reinforced Al-based composite compact in a tubular atmosphere furnace, set the sintering temperature to 700 °C, protect the sintering under _N2 atmosphere, and heat up at a rate of 3 °C/min. After reaching the predetermined sintering temperature, keep it for 2 hours to obtain SiC-enhanced Al matrix composite pre-finished products;

(5) cooling:

Control the pre-finished product of SiC-reinforced Al-based composite material through a tube-type atmosphere furnace to cool down to 400°C, with a cooling rate of 2°C/min, keep warm for 2 hours, and cool with the furnace. After cooling to room temperature, take out the sample and remove the particles attached to the surface of the sample aluminum alloy and an oxide layer to obtain a SiC particle reinforced Al-based composite material finished product.

In the above step (1), the particle size of the SiC particles is 5-40um.

In the above step (2), the aluminum alloy powder is 6061 aluminum alloy powder, and the particle size of the 6061 aluminum alloy powder is 1-20um.

In the above step (3), the high-speed pressing is one-time pressing molding, using zinc stearate to lubricate the inner wall of the mold, and there is no delamination or missing corners after pressing the green compact. After a single pressing, the relative density of the SiC particle-reinforced Al green compact is 91.5%. .

In the above step (4), the compact is placed in a corundum burning boat, and its upper and lower surfaces are covered with 2-3mm thick 6061 aluminum alloy powder. Before sintering, the tube atmosphere furnace was fed with _N2 for 1 hour to remove residual air and prevent the green compact from being oxidized.

In the above step (5), the thickness of the aluminum alloy and oxide layer removed from the surface of the sample is 2-3mm.

Experimental test:

The densification rate of the finished SiC particle reinforced Al-based composite material obtained in this embodiment is 97.61%, and the thermal conductivity is 174.9 W/mK.

Figure 1 is the metallographic spectrum of the SiC particle-reinforced Al-based composite material sample prepared in Example 4. It can be seen that silicon carbide is uniformly distributed in the matrix with fewer voids.

Figure 2 is the SEM spectrum of the 50% SiC particle-reinforced Al-based composite material sample prepared in Example 4. The fracture morphology shows that the fracture mode of silicon carbide is cleavage fracture, and the matrix is ductile fracture.

Claims (6)

1. A method for preparing high volume fraction SiC particle reinforced Al-based composite material by high-speed pressing, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1) Surface treatment of silicon carbide powder: Ultrasonic vibration of silicon carbide powder in deionized water for 30-60 minutes to remove impurities and oil stains on the surface of silicon carbide, and then dry it in an oven at 150-200°C for 10-12 hours, then put the dried silicon carbide Put it into a corundum crucible, then put it into a high-temperature furnace, keep it warm at a temperature of 1000-1200 ° C for 2-4 hours, and the heating rate is 2-5 ° C / min, so that a dense _SiO2 layer is formed on the surface, and then with the furnace cool down; (2) Mixing: Add aluminum alloy powder to the oxidized silicon carbide powder, wherein the silicon carbide powder accounts for 30-50% of the volume fraction of the mixed powder, and the aluminum alloy powder accounts for 50-70% of the volume fraction of the mixed powder, and the mixed raw materials Mix in a drum mixer for 12-15 hours at a speed of 180r/min to obtain a mixed powder with good uniformity; (3) High-speed compression molding: Using the gravitational potential energy as the energy storage method, the mixed powder obtained in step (2) is pressed into a green body by a high-speed compaction test machine, the weight of the weight is 50-100Kg, and the weight is raised to a height of 0.2-1.0m, and passed Adjust the quality of the hammer and the pressing height to change the pressing energy, and press the mixed powder through the free fall movement of the weight to obtain a SiC-reinforced Al-based composite compact; (4) N2 atmosphere protection sintering: Put the SiC-reinforced Al-based composite compact into a tube-type atmosphere furnace, set the sintering temperature to 680-720°C, protect the sintering under N2 atmosphere, heat up at a rate of 3-4°C/min, and keep it warm for 2-3 hours after reaching the predetermined sintering temperature , to obtain a SiC reinforced Al-based composite material pre-finished product; (5) cooling: Control the SiC reinforced Al-based composite material pre-finished product to cool down to 400-450°C through a tube-type atmosphere furnace, the cooling rate is 2-3°C/min, keep the temperature for 1-3 hours, and cool with the furnace. After it cools to room temperature, take out the sample. The aluminum alloy and oxide layer attached to the surface of the sample are removed to obtain the finished SiC particle reinforced Al-based composite material. 2. The method for preparing a high volume fraction SiC particle-reinforced Al-based composite material by high-speed pressing according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the above step (1), the particle size of the SiC particles is 5-40um. 3. the method for preparing high-volume fraction SiC particle-reinforced Al-based composite material by high-speed pressing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in above-mentioned step (2), described aluminum alloy powder is 6061 aluminum alloy powder, 6061 aluminum alloy powder The particle size of the alloy powder is 1-20um. 4. the method for preparing high-volume fraction SiC particle-reinforced Al-based composite material by high-speed pressing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in above-mentioned step (3), high-speed pressing is one-shot pressing molding, uses zinc stearate lubrication The inner wall of the mold has no delamination or missing corners after the compact is pressed, and the relative density of the SiC particle-reinforced Al compact is 85-92% after a single press. 5. the method for preparing high-volume fraction SiC particle-reinforced Al-based composite material by high-speed pressing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in above-mentioned step (4), compacted body is placed in corundum burning boat, and its upper and lower surfaces Cover with 6061 aluminum alloy powder with a thickness of 2-3mm. Before sintering, the tubular atmosphere furnace is fed with N ₂ for 0.5-1 hour to remove residual air and prevent the green compact from being oxidized. 6. the method for preparing high-volume fraction SiC particle reinforced Al-based composite material by high-speed pressing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in above-mentioned step (5), removes the aluminum alloy of sample surface and oxide layer thickness is 2- 3mm.