CN1044804C - 用于生产高纯度异丁烯的甲基叔丁基醚的制法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种制备甲基叔丁基醚的方法,在酸性催化剂的作用下,碳四馏份中异丁烯与甲醇在空速0.5-30h-1,压力2-1.5MPa和温度20到140℃,异丁烯与甲醇的摩尔比0.5-3.0的条件下,进行醚化反应并控制转化率不大于95%,生产的甲基叔丁基醚中的甲基仲丁基醚的含量小于0.1%(M/M),能直接用于裂解生产聚合级高纯的异丁烯。
Description
本发明涉及甲基叔丁基醚的生产方法,特别是用来生产高纯度异丁烯的原料甲基叔丁基醚的制备方法。
人们已知,在蒙脱粘土,硅钨酸,强酸型阳离子交换树脂或分子筛的催化剂作用下,混合碳四中的异丁烯与水反应生产叔丁醇,然后,叔丁醇分解生产聚合级高纯异丁烯,该方法叔丁醇收率低,使得装置投资大,能耗高;另一种方法是由混合碳四中异丁烯与甲醇在催化剂作用下,反应生产甲基叔丁基醚再由此制造高纯异丁烯,其生产工艺主要有四种形式:列管式固定床反应工艺,简式外循环反应工艺,膨胀床反应工艺如Fr2455019和催化蒸馏工艺,如USP4471154,反应过程均存在以下的反应:
主反应: 异丁烯+甲醇-→甲基叔丁基醚
付反应: 异丁烯+水-→叔丁醇
正丁烯+水-→甲基仲丁基醚
异丁烯+水-→异丁醇
这些付反应的存在形成了不同的杂质,其中叔丁醇,异丁醇分解后仍生成异丁烯,不影响异丁烯产品纯度,也可和碳八烯烃在甲基叔丁基醚精制过程中脱除,而甲基仲丁基醚沸点与甲基叔丁基醚的沸点非常接近,一旦形成,以常规的精馏方法,不能将二者分开,因此,甲基仲丁基醚的生成量应严加控制,且甲基仲丁基醚分解后生成正丁烯使异丁烯中正丁烯含量高于要求不能用于丁基橡胶等的生产。
本发明的目的是在碳四混合馏份与甲醇反应生产甲基叔丁基醚时,降低付反应的生成量,提高甲基叔丁基醚的纯度。
为实现上述目的。本发明的构思是根据反应的机理,尽可能减少造成付反应的条件。
含异丁烯的混合碳四与甲醇进行的醚化反应,是可逆的平衡放热反应,升高反应温度能加快反应速度,但对转化率不利,为了获得较高的产物收率,需在适宜的温度条件下进行醚化反应,当异丁烯浓度降低到一定浓度时,吸附到催化剂表面的正丁烯则与甲醇反应生成甲基仲丁基醚,降低反应温度,有利于降低甲基仲丁基醚的生成量,但是为了不降低异丁烯的醚化反应速度,可选择低温活性高的催化剂,还要控制原料中的水含量,以控制叔丁醇和异丁醇的生成量,增加甲醇和降低反应温度还能较大限度的减少E8,不饱和烃的生成量,另外,原料中双烯烃的醚化和聚合,将影响甲基叔丁基醚产品纯度,从而影响甲基叔丁基醚分解后的异丁烯纯度,
下面详细描述本发明:
a.不含双烯烃,炔烃或其含量不超过指标要求的(40PPM)的碳四物料在反应设备中催化剂的作用下,与甲醇进行合成甲基叔丁基醚的反应,控制反应条件与转化率不大于95%,使生成的甲基叔丁基醚中甲基仲丁基醚含量不大于0.1%(M/M),反应后的混合物在分离时,产品甲基叔丁基醚从塔釜流出,未反应的碳四馏份和甲醇的共沸物从塔顶流也,也可在二段反应中继续进行反应,使总转化率达到95%(M/M)以上。
b.未反应碳四和甲醇的共沸物,再用水萃取回收甲醇循环使用。
c.在产品甲基叔丁基醚纯度要求特别高的情况下,在脱氢塔中,进一步脱除微量碳四和甲醇。这样得到的甲基叔丁基醚就可以分解为生产高纯聚合级异丁烯。
D.若碳四烃含有超过指标要求的双烯与炔烃,可在催化剂的作用下,选择加氢脱除其中的双烯烃等炔烃。
原料中双烯烃含量少于40PPM时。不需要选择加氢,醚化反应可以在液相,汽液混合相条件下,以间歇或连续的方式,在列管式固定床反应器,简式外循环,膨胀床反应器,混相反应器或催化蒸馏塔中进行,在特定的条件下,通常酸性催化剂均可做为醚化反应的催化剂,较好的是强酸型阴离子交换树脂催化剂。
醚化反应基本上可在任何条件下进行,但为了控制甲基仲丁基醚等付反应的发生,在下述温度、压力、空速的条件下,能取得较好的结果;温度范围为20℃~140℃,压力0.2~2.0Mpa,空速为0.5~30h-1,但是,甲醇与碳四馏份中异丁烯的摩尔比应大于0.8。
原料混合碳四与甲醇按一定的醇烯比进入反应器,在特定条件下进行醚化反应,未反应碳四和甲醇共沸物经水洗设备萃取甲醇,甲醇水溶液在甲醇精馏设备中精馏,回收甲醇循环使用,分离后的甲基叔丁基醚中甲基仲丁基醚<500PPM,碳四<100PPM,甲醇<100PPM,生产的高纯甲基叔丁基醚,在分解设备中裂解,裂解后的甲醇循环使用,所得高纯度聚合级异丁烯作为生产丁苯橡胶或其它化工产品的生产的原料,
下面借助实施例,进一步说明本发明的效果,这些实施例仅是对本发明的进一步描述,并不是对本发明的限制,技术范围内任何改进,应是显而易见的,
典型试验原料组成:(%M/M)
碳三 0.46
异丁烷 0.94
正丁烯 41.40
异丁烯 20.20
正丁烷+顺丁烯 12.28
反丁烯 16.72
双烯烃 20PPM
合计 100.0
实施例1.以上进原料,在筒式外循环反应器中进行合成甲基叔丁/基醚,压力1.2MPa温度30~60℃,外循量与进料量的比为2.0,醇烯摩尔比为1.0,空速为2h-1,异丁烯的转化率为93.5%,这时生产的甲基叔丁基醚的纯度为98.5%,其中叔丁醇为0.9%,异丁醇为0.5%,甲基仲丁基醚为700PPM,C8烯烃为300PPM。
实施例2.
以上述原料在混相反应器中进行合成甲基叔丁基醚,温度为30~60℃,醇烯摩尔比为1.05,空速4h-1,异丁烯转化率为92.8%,这时生产的甲基叔丁基醚的纯度为98.5%,其中叔丁醇为0.8%,异丁醇为0.3%,甲基仲丁基醚为600PPM,C8烯烃为100PPM。
实施例3.
以上述原料在催化蒸馏塔中进行合成甲基叔丁基醚,压力为0.6MPa,温度为50℃(塔顶)~130℃(塔釜),醇烯摩尔比为1.05,回流比为1.0,空速为5h-1,异丁烯的转化率为92.1%,这时生产的甲基叔丁基醚纯度为98.8%,其中叔丁醇为0.85%,异丁醇为0.3%甲基仲丁基醚为600PPM,C8烯烃为150PPM。
实施例4.
以上述原料在预反应器中进行醚化反应,反应温度30~60℃醇烯摩尔比为1.05,空速4h-1,压力0.6MPa进行反应。异丁烯转化率为94.2%,经精制后的甲基叔丁基醚纯度为98.75%,叔醇为0.8%,异丁醇为0.3%,甲基仲丁基醚500PPM,C8烯烃100PPM,未反应的C4物料进入蒸馏塔进一步进行反应,总转化率99.5%,剩余碳四可用于生产高纯度丁烯-1。
从上述实施例看,叔丁醇和异丁醇对甲基叔丁基醚的纯度影响较大,这些杂质不影响甲基叔丁基醚裂解生成的异丁烯的纯度,可将原料中的饱和水脱除以降低其生成量,也可将生成的甲基叔丁基醚进一步精制,将醇类和C8烯烃脱除。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于生产高纯度异丁烯的甲基叔丁基醚的制备方法,包括含有异丁烯,不含双烯烃、炔烃或其含量不超过40PPM的碳四馏份与甲醇在催化剂作用下反应及在后续设备中分离,其特征是:反应条件控制在反应温度20~140℃,压力0.2~2Mpa,空速2~5h-1,异丁烯转化率不大于95%。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是所述反应在列管式固定床反应器,筒式外循环,膨胀床反应器,混相反应器或催化蒸馏塔中进行。
3.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是异丁烯的转化率控制在95%以下,生成的甲基叔丁基醚产品中,甲基仲丁基醚含量小于0.1%,第一段反应后的剩余碳四可在第二段反应中进一步反应,使总转化率大于99.5%。
4.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是所用原料碳四馏份,可以是催化裂化碳四,水蒸汽裂解碳四,或其它来源的含有异丁烯的碳四馏份。
5.按权利要求4所述的方法,其特征是碳四馏份中异丁烯含量,其重量百分比为5~50%。
6.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是所用的催化剂是强酸性大孔磺酸树脂催化剂或其它固体酸性催化剂。
7.按权利要求4所述的方法,其特征是所述的碳四原料,若其双烯烃、炔烃含量超过要求指标,可在其与甲醇进行醚化反应前先进行选择加氢脱除双烯烃与炔烃,也可以使用具有加氢反应与醚化反应的双功能催化剂,使脱除双烯烃与炔烃及醚化反应同时在一个催化剂上进行。
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CN100519498C (zh) * | 2006-11-08 | 2009-07-29 | 褚雅志 | 一种联产甲基叔丁基醚和叔丁醇的生产方法 |
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JPS55323A (en) * | 1978-06-17 | 1980-01-05 | Fuji Sekiyu Kk | Preparation of methyl tertiary-butyl ether |
US4418219A (en) * | 1981-03-02 | 1983-11-29 | National Distillers And Chemical Corporation | Preparation of methyl tertiary-butyl ether |
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JPS55323A (en) * | 1978-06-17 | 1980-01-05 | Fuji Sekiyu Kk | Preparation of methyl tertiary-butyl ether |
US4418219A (en) * | 1981-03-02 | 1983-11-29 | National Distillers And Chemical Corporation | Preparation of methyl tertiary-butyl ether |
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US11613717B2 (en) | 2017-07-27 | 2023-03-28 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Method of producing a fuel additive |
US11427518B2 (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2022-08-30 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Method of producing a fuel additive |
US11518951B2 (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2022-12-06 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Method of producing a fuel additive |
US11248181B2 (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2022-02-15 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Method of producing a fuel additive |
US11407952B2 (en) | 2018-05-07 | 2022-08-09 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Method of producing a fuel additive |
US11414611B2 (en) | 2018-05-07 | 2022-08-16 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Method of producing a fuel additive |
US11697626B2 (en) | 2018-05-18 | 2023-07-11 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Method of producing a fuel additive with a hydration unit |
US11161796B2 (en) | 2018-09-18 | 2021-11-02 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Systems and processes for efficient production of one or more fuel additives |
US12037313B2 (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2024-07-16 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Process and system for producing ethylene and at least one of butanol and an alkyl tert-butyl ether |
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