CN1044613C - Exfoliative, antipolluting and protective coating material - Google Patents
Exfoliative, antipolluting and protective coating material Download PDFInfo
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- CN1044613C CN1044613C CN95103657A CN95103657A CN1044613C CN 1044613 C CN1044613 C CN 1044613C CN 95103657 A CN95103657 A CN 95103657A CN 95103657 A CN95103657 A CN 95103657A CN 1044613 C CN1044613 C CN 1044613C
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- Prior art keywords
- restrains
- butyraldehyde
- grams
- coating
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- -1 polyethylene vinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M Sodium oleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003109 Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA disodium salt (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019301 disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002519 antifouling agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-AAKVHIHISA-N 2,3-bis[[(z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoyl]oxy]propyl (z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CC(O)CCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CC(O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-AAKVHIHISA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O ZGTMUACCHSMWAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002103 nanocoating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003904 radioactive pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to pollution-proof protective paint which can peel off. The paint is formed by mixing butyraldehyde modified polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene-vinyl acetate, a detergent, a lubricating agent, pigment, a surface active agent, filler, solvent, etc. by a certain proportion. The paint can be coated on surfaces of many kinds of basic materials by various methods, and coating films are firmly attached to the surfaces. The paint is easy to completely peel off to protect the basic materials because the paint has the capabilities of water prevention, weak acid resistance, weak alkali resistance and nuclide penetration prevention.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of Exfoliative, antipolluting and protective coating material, belong to the chemical coating technical field.
During the nuclear installation operation; can produce pollution more or less inevitably; clean surface after different substrate materials such as the facility that commute pollutes, equipment, place surface or decontamination are handled gives coating Stripable paint earlier; the coating drying just can be attached to the surface; in case be subjected to the contamination of radionuclide; can scratch outside the pollution part of filming and enclosing; after divesting; capable again coating; thereby can make base material avoid polluting and being protected, filming of the contamination that peels only stays a small amount of tractable solid dirt through burning.
Carried out the external eighties comparatively comprehensively commenting, document RFP-2929, AECP1002,1057 and AERE R11054 in rule of handling and the material that may adopt have been proposed, but actually with what concrete material with and production technique do not appear in the newspapers.The Alara product of U.S. Amercoat company is that component is water base polyethylene kind high-molecular coating, and its peelable intensity is less, is about＜1N/cm (to the surface of ordinary plate glass).The peelable decontamination coating that domestic Tsing-Hua University developed is then also peeled off too easily, even comes off automatically after the coating drying, so that often too easily peels off on some base material and can not protect for a long time when it is coated on.
The objective of the invention is to prepare a kind of Exfoliative, antipolluting and protective coating material; with two kinds of macromolecular materials of the pure and mild polyethylene vinyl acetate of butyraldehyde modified poly ethylene is matrix; be aided with stain remover, sequestrant, lubrication prescription; auxiliary agent, filler etc.; make it have waterproof, anti-weak acid, weakly alkaline ability; has the ability that prevents that radionuclide from penetrating again; to different base materials after being coated with drying; its easily complete peeling off of both having filmed; can be attached to the surface of the object of desire protection again for a long time, prevent that to reach radionuclide is to the pollution of base material and the purpose of protection base material.And be used for civilian and general industry.
The Exfoliative, antipolluting and protective coating material of the present invention's preparation is made up of A, B two class materials and auxiliary material.The A material is the polyethylene vinyl acetate emulsion, and therein ethylene is 1: 4～6 with the ratio of vinyl acetate between to for plastic two group weight; The water material that the B material is prepared into for the butyraldehyde modified polyvinyl alcohol; The phase mixing ratio of A, two kinds of materials of B is: A: B=0.35～0.70: 0.65～0.30; Two kinds of materials of A, B are mixed mutually and close, and add auxiliary material, and supplementary product consumption (total amount in A+B is 100 grams) is:
1. disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (is EDTA-Na
2) 0.15～0.35 gram
2. lubrication prescription is any 1.0～2.5 grams in edible oil or the machine usefulness oil
3. filler is any 0.8～3.5 gram in kaolin, the potter's clay
4. pigment can be pigment such as blue look, yellow or green.0～0.015 gram
5. anion surfactant 0.35～0.9 restrains
6. nonionogenic tenside 0.7～2.1 restrains
7. ethanol 5.4～11.0 restrains
8. water 0.8～11.3 restrains
Above-mentioned B material is that the preparation technology of butyraldehyde modified poly ethylene water material is:
(1) be properties-correcting agent with the butyraldehyde, in the aqueous solution polyvinyl alcohol (concentration is 10～20%) carried out modified-reaction, the ratio of butyraldehyde and polyvinyl alcohol is that to make its modification degree be 15～30%;
(2) with acid be catalyzer, reacted 10～20 hours down, reacted 0.5～2.0 hour down at 50～55 ℃ then, fully stir during reaction at 10 ℃～35 ℃;
(3) reaction finishes, and the pH value of above-mentioned solution is adjusted to 4～8, and this is butyraldehyde modified polyvinyl alcohol water material.
In the preparation process of above-mentioned B material, be any in hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or the acetic acid as the acid of catalyzer.Anion surfactant as auxiliary material is sodium oleate or sodium stearate.Nonionogenic tenside as auxiliary material is: alkyl phenyl polyoxyethylene groups ether (0P) or tween (Tween).
This coating can adopt multiple coating coating method in multiple substrate surface, as: stainless steel, glass, plain carbon stool, smooth timber, plastics even cement etc.One drying, it is filmed and promptly is attached to the surface of substrate to be coated quite securely, its coating had both had the ability of certain waterproof, anti-weak acid and weak base, have again the radionuclide of preventing (α-
239Pu is representative) penetrativity, again because the certain tensile strength of its tool, in case coating is subjected to the contamination of radionuclide; can scratch to pollute and enclose outside the part and its whole is divested; and then the overline coating, be protected thereby can make base material (facility, equipment, place etc.) avoid polluting.And filming of the contamination that peels will only stay the small amount of solid dirt through burning, and secondary pollution is few.Therefore be specially adapted in the nuclear industry, also can be applicable to civilian relevant occasion of producing with general industry.
Exemplify embodiments of the invention below:
Embodiment 1:
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 16 gram is put at the bottom of three mouthfuls of gardens in the flask, added 110ml water, be heated to 80 ℃ of stirrings.Fully after the dissolving, be cooled to room temperature, add butyraldehyde 3.84ml, add dense HCl1.5ml, fully stir, reaction is 20 hours under room temperature (or＜30 ℃) condition, heats up 55 ℃ and reacts 2 hours again, the product of gained washed with water or alkali cleaning near neutral, must be about the wet thing of 110 grams is material B for the butyraldehyde modified polyvinyl alcohol.In the wet thing B of 80 grams, add EDTA Na2 0.64 gram, Viscotrol C 6.6 grams, kaolin 3.0 grams, iron oxide yellow 1.5 grams, sodium oleate 1.3 grams, OP2.7 gram, 95% ethanol, 20 grams, water 3.1 grams are stirred to evenly, add 294 gram A materials (buying from the shop) again, can use after continuing fully to stir evenly.For ease of coating, available 0～50ml water is regulated its viscosity.
Embodiment 2:
With embodiment 1, at first prepare the B material, difference is to add Glacial acetic acid 7.2 grams, with gained butyraldehyde modified polyvinyl alcohol decantation 6ml clear liquid.Getting the material consumption is the B80 gram, EDTA-Na
20.5 gram, Viscotrol C 2.4 grams, kaolin 3.6 grams, sodium oleate 1.0 grams, OP4.0 gram, green material 0.4 gram, 95% ethanol, 24.0 grams, water 25.0 grams, A material (buying) 140.5 grams from the shop.
Embodiment 3
With embodiment 1, at first prepare material B, difference is to add vitriol oil 1.2ml.Its material consumption adds EDTA-Na for wet thing B 80 grams
20.23 gram, Viscotrol C 3.12 grams, kaolin 4.45 grams, sodium oleate 1.11 grams, OP2.67 gram, blue mill base 0.015 gram, 95% ethanol, 10.91 grams, water 11.56 grams, A material (buying) 45.63 grams from the shop.
The relevant performance demands of dry coating film is measured by following method in the enforcement.Coating makes its coat-thickness about 0.3mm with brush spray, roller coating, treat its seasoning (needing 24 hours approximately) after, can use.Use tracer level
239Pu-nitric acid (0.1mol/L) aqueous solution is on radioactive pollution source drops in coating dry, place and measured its penetration coefficient in 3～5 days, about the physical strength of filming, then with reference to GB-1040-79 plastic tensile test method, dry coating is made III type standard test specimen, on electronic universal tester, make stretching experiment, measure its tensile strength, about stripping performance, then with reference to 180 ° of stripping strength assay methods of GB-2792-81 pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, the regulation coated substrate is a sheet glass, surveys its 180 ° of stripping strengths on electronic universal tester.Measuring result sees the following form:
| Embodiment | Penetration coefficient % | Tensile strength Mpa 200mm/min | Stripping strength N/CM 300mm/min |
| 1 | 0.6 | 3.1 | ＞8 |
| 2 | ＜0.1 | 3.6 | 6 |
| 3 | ＜0.1 | 5.6 | 3.7 |
Claims (3)
1, a kind of Exfoliative, antipolluting and protective coating material is characterized in that this removes material and is made up of A, B two class materials and auxiliary material; The A material is the polyethylene vinyl acetate emulsion, and therein ethylene is 1: 4～6 with the ratio of vinyl acetate between to for plastic two group weight; The water-base emulsion that the B material is prepared into for the butyraldehyde modified polyvinyl alcohol; The phase mixing ratio of A, two kinds of materials of B is: A: B=0.35～0.70: 0.65～0.30; Two kinds of materials of A, B are mixed mutually and close, and add auxiliary material, and supplementary product consumption is that 100 grams are counted with the total amount of A+B:
1. disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 0.15～0.3 restrains
2. lubrication prescription is any 1.0～2.5 grams in edible oil or the machine usefulness oil
3. filler is any 0.8～3.5 gram in kaolin, the potter's clay
4. pigment 0～0.015 restrains
5. anion surfactant 0.35～0.9 restrains
6. nonionogenic tenside 0.7～2.1 restrains
7. ethanol 5.4～11.0 restrains
8. water 0.8～11.3 restrains
Anion surfactant wherein is sodium oleate or sodium stearate, and nonionogenic tenside is alkyl phenyl polyoxyethylene groups ether or tween.
2, coating as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that wherein said B material, and promptly the preparation technology of butyraldehyde modified poly ethylene water-base emulsion is:
(1) being properties-correcting agent with the butyraldehyde, is that 10～20% polyvinyl alcohol carries out modified-reaction to concentration in the aqueous solution, and the ratio of butyraldehyde and polyalkenylalcohols is that to make its modification degree be 15～30%;
(2) with acid be catalyzer, reacted 10～20 hours down, reacted 0.5～2.0 hour down at 50～55 ℃ then, fully stir during reaction at 10 ℃～35 ℃:
(3) reaction finishes, and the pH value of above-mentioned solution is transferred to 4～8, and this is butyraldehyde modified poly ethylene water material.
3, coating as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that wherein acid as catalyzer is any in hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or the acetic acid.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95103657A CN1044613C (en) | 1995-04-07 | 1995-04-07 | Exfoliative, antipolluting and protective coating material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95103657A CN1044613C (en) | 1995-04-07 | 1995-04-07 | Exfoliative, antipolluting and protective coating material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1113510A CN1113510A (en) | 1995-12-20 |
| CN1044613C true CN1044613C (en) | 1999-08-11 |
Family
ID=5074771
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95103657A Expired - Fee Related CN1044613C (en) | 1995-04-07 | 1995-04-07 | Exfoliative, antipolluting and protective coating material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1044613C (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1061070C (en) * | 1997-06-24 | 2001-01-24 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Strippable radioactive contamination coating |
| CN1073136C (en) * | 1998-03-05 | 2001-10-17 | 晏林宝 | Hot-dipping stripped plastic protective film for plastics, mfg. method and application thereof |
| EP2742510A1 (en) * | 2011-08-11 | 2014-06-18 | Cellular Bioengineering, Inc. | Polymer composition |
| RU2638162C1 (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-12-12 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" | Composition for dust suppression and containment of combustion products after fire extinguishing with radiation factor |
| CN111909558B (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-09-16 | 西南科技大学 | Polyvinyl alcohol-based peelable film decontamination agent and preparation method and use method thereof |
| CN111909559B (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-05-10 | 西南科技大学 | Radioactive surface peelable detergent and preparation method thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1416180A (en) * | 1971-12-28 | 1975-12-03 | Kao Corp | Easily strippable coating composition for temporary surface protection |
| CN1065282A (en) * | 1992-01-18 | 1992-10-14 | 中国人民解放军驻太原地区军事代表室 | Protection method for prolonging storage period of antifouling paint layer in air and protective agent thereof |
| JPH0559310A (en) * | 1991-09-04 | 1993-03-09 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Easily peelable paint composition |
| JPH05171069A (en) * | 1991-12-18 | 1993-07-09 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Easily strippable coating composition |
-
1995
- 1995-04-07 CN CN95103657A patent/CN1044613C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1416180A (en) * | 1971-12-28 | 1975-12-03 | Kao Corp | Easily strippable coating composition for temporary surface protection |
| JPH0559310A (en) * | 1991-09-04 | 1993-03-09 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Easily peelable paint composition |
| JPH05171069A (en) * | 1991-12-18 | 1993-07-09 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Easily strippable coating composition |
| CN1065282A (en) * | 1992-01-18 | 1992-10-14 | 中国人民解放军驻太原地区军事代表室 | Protection method for prolonging storage period of antifouling paint layer in air and protective agent thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1113510A (en) | 1995-12-20 |
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