CN104259461B - Laser three-D manufacture method based on coaxial wire feed and coaxial wire feed device - Google Patents
Laser three-D manufacture method based on coaxial wire feed and coaxial wire feed device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于同轴送丝的激光三维制造方法与同轴送丝装置，包括真空箱体、密封设置在真空箱体内的环形光束发生装置及丝材输送打印装置，所述环形光束发生装置包括圆锥镜、内圆锥镜及环形凹面镜，所述丝材输送打印装置包括送丝管、矫直机构、打印喷头及加热装置；所述送丝管与所述环锥形光束同轴；圆锥镜与内圆锥镜产生中空环形光束，通过环形凹面镜将环形光束转换成垂直的环锥形光束，再将送丝管与环锥形光束同轴设置，丝材垂直送入，经矫直机构矫直，解决了现有送丝工艺方法中因丝材弯曲产生的送丝精度差的问题，消除了加工过程中因光束离焦波动对加工质量造成的不利影响；装置结构简单，光丝耦合连续稳定，加工质量高，成本低廉，显著节约了成本投入。
The invention discloses a laser three-dimensional manufacturing method based on coaxial wire feeding and a coaxial wire feeding device, including a vacuum box, an annular beam generating device sealed and arranged in the vacuum box, and a wire material conveying and printing device. The annular beam The generating device includes a conical mirror, an inner conical mirror and an annular concave mirror. The wire feeding and printing device includes a wire feeding tube, a straightening mechanism, a printing nozzle and a heating device; the wire feeding tube is coaxial with the ring cone beam ;The cone mirror and the inner cone mirror produce a hollow ring beam, which is converted into a vertical ring cone beam through the ring concave mirror, and then the wire feeding tube is coaxially set with the ring cone beam, and the wire is fed vertically. The straightening mechanism solves the problem of poor wire feeding accuracy caused by wire bending in the existing wire feeding process, and eliminates the adverse effects on processing quality caused by beam defocus fluctuations during processing; the device structure is simple, light The wire coupling is continuous and stable, the processing quality is high, the cost is low, and the cost investment is significantly saved.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于三维成型制造领域，涉及一种基于同轴送丝的激光三维制造方法与同轴送丝装置。The invention belongs to the field of three-dimensional molding manufacturing, and relates to a laser three-dimensional manufacturing method based on coaxial wire feeding and a coaxial wire feeding device.
背景技术Background technique
三维打印技术就是在计算机中将三维CAD模型分成若干层，通过打印设备在一个平面上按照CAD层图形，将塑料、金属甚至生物组织活性细胞等材料烧结或者黏合在一起，然后再一层一层的叠加起来。通过每一层不同的图形的累积，最后形成一个三维物体。Three-dimensional printing technology is to divide the three-dimensional CAD model into several layers in the computer, and use the printing equipment to sinter or bond materials such as plastics, metals, and even biological tissue active cells on a plane according to the CAD layer graphics, and then layer by layer. superimposed. Through the accumulation of different graphics in each layer, a three-dimensional object is finally formed.
金属零件三维打印技术作为整个三维打印体系中最为前沿和最有潜力的技术，是先进制造技术的重要发展方向。随着科技发展及推广应用的需求，利用三维打印技术直接制造金属功能零件成为了三维打印主要的发展方向。目前可用于直接制造金属功能零件的三维打印成型工艺主要有：选区激光熔化(SLM)、电子束选区熔化(EBM)、激光近净成形(LENS)等。As the most cutting-edge and most potential technology in the whole 3D printing system, 3D printing technology of metal parts is an important development direction of advanced manufacturing technology. With the development of science and technology and the needs of promotion and application, the direct manufacture of metal functional parts by 3D printing technology has become the main development direction of 3D printing. At present, the 3D printing molding processes that can be used to directly manufacture metal functional parts mainly include: selected laser melting (SLM), electron beam selective melting (EBM), laser near-net shaping (LENS), etc.
但是，现有金属三维打印成型工艺材料均为金属粉末材料，三维打印金属粉末除需具备良好的可塑性外，还必须满足粉末粒径细小、粒度分布较窄、球形度高、流动性好和松装密度高等要求。金属粉末制备工艺的发展、制备粉末的性能及粉末制备的成本，严重影响了金属零件三维打印的发展。另外，由粉末性质决定的送粉量和均匀性控制困难、粉末利用率低、发散在光束外的处于半熔状态的粉末易粘附于成型零件表面，影响表面质量等不足，也制约着金属零件三维打印的发展。However, the existing metal 3D printing molding process materials are all metal powder materials. In addition to good plasticity, 3D printing metal powder must also meet the requirements of fine powder particle size, narrow particle size distribution, high sphericity, good fluidity and looseness. High packing density requirements. The development of metal powder preparation process, the performance of prepared powder and the cost of powder preparation have seriously affected the development of 3D printing of metal parts. In addition, the difficulty in controlling the amount of powder and uniformity determined by the nature of the powder, the low utilization rate of the powder, and the powder in a semi-molten state that diverges outside the beam tends to adhere to the surface of the molded part, affecting the surface quality. The development of 3D printing of parts.
相比之下，金属熔融挤压成型可避开送粉带来的一些问题，金属熔融挤压成型工艺容易实现精确控制，送料精度高；材料利用率高；能量利用率高；无散发性；对环境无污染；价格低廉等优点，具有极大的发展空间，是发展金属材料三维打印制造技术的重要方向之一，目前金属熔融挤压成型工艺尚存在许多问题未得到较好解决。如何将激光和被熔材料同步传输至加工成型位置，并使金属材料连续、准确、均匀地投入到加工面上按预定轨迹作扫描运动的聚焦光斑内，实现光料精确耦合，仍然是金属熔融挤压成型技术发展急需解决的一大关键问题。In contrast, metal melt extrusion molding can avoid some problems caused by powder feeding. The metal melt extrusion molding process is easy to achieve precise control, high feeding accuracy, high material utilization rate, high energy utilization rate, and no emission; It has the advantages of no pollution to the environment and low price, and has great room for development. It is one of the important directions for the development of 3D printing manufacturing technology of metal materials. At present, there are still many problems in the metal melt extrusion molding process that have not been well resolved. How to synchronously transmit the laser and the molten material to the processing and forming position, and make the metal material continuously, accurately and evenly put into the focused spot on the processing surface that scans according to the predetermined trajectory, so as to realize the precise coupling of the optical material and still metal melting The development of extrusion molding technology is a key problem that needs to be solved urgently.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种可实现光、料精确耦合的同轴送丝的激光三维制造方法与同轴送丝装置。In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser three-dimensional manufacturing method and a coaxial wire feeding device for coaxial wire feeding that can realize precise coupling of light and material.
为达到上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种同轴送丝装置，包括真空箱体、密封设置在真空箱体内的环形光束发生装置及丝材输送打印装置，所述环形光束发生装置包括相互配合并产生中空环形光束的圆锥镜与内圆锥镜，以及倾斜设置并将中空环形光束转换成环锥形光束的环形凹面镜，所述圆锥镜与内圆锥镜同轴设置，所述环锥形光束轴线与环形光束轴线相垂直；所述丝材输送打印装置包括用于输送丝材的送丝管、设置在送丝管上的矫直机构、打印喷头及设置在打印喷头上方的加热装置；所述送丝管与所述环锥形光束同轴。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a coaxial wire feeding device, including a vacuum box, an annular beam generating device sealed and arranged in the vacuum box, and a wire conveying and printing device, and the annular beam generating device includes A conical mirror and an inner conical mirror that cooperate with each other to generate a hollow annular beam, and an annular concave mirror that is obliquely arranged and converts the hollow annular beam into an annular conical beam, the conical mirror and the inner conical mirror are coaxially arranged, and the annular cone The axis of the shaped beam is perpendicular to the axis of the annular beam; the wire feeding and printing device includes a wire feeding tube for feeding the wire, a straightening mechanism arranged on the wire feeding tube, a printing nozzle and a heating device arranged above the printing nozzle ; The wire feeder is coaxial with the ring cone beam.
进一步，所述打印喷头与环锥形光束同轴。Further, the printing nozzle is coaxial with the annular cone beam.
本发明还提供了一种利用上述同轴送丝装置进行激光三维制造的方法，主要包含以下步骤：The present invention also provides a method for three-dimensional laser manufacturing using the above-mentioned coaxial wire feeding device, which mainly includes the following steps:
(1)激光器发射出的激光束由圆锥镜、内圆锥镜依次切割变向，形成中空无光的环形光束；(1) The laser beam emitted by the laser is sequentially cut and changed by the conical mirror and the inner conical mirror to form a hollow and lightless annular beam;
(2)环形光束再经由倾斜设置的环形凹面镜换向，形成半径渐减的环锥形光束；(2) The annular light beam is reversed by an inclined annular concave mirror to form an annular cone-shaped light beam with a decreasing radius;
(3)丝材由置于环锥形光束中心处的送丝管输送至工作底板上，输送过程中，丝材依次经过矫直机构矫直与加热装置加热，最终由打印喷头挤出；(3) The wire is conveyed to the working base by the wire feeding tube placed at the center of the circular cone-shaped beam. During the conveying process, the wire is straightened by the straightening mechanism and heated by the heating device in turn, and finally extruded by the printing nozzle;
(4)挤出的丝材在环锥形光束的照射及加工表面的熔池热传导共同作用下被加热、熔化而进入熔池内，打印喷头按预先设定好的路径行走，分层喷出丝材并层层叠加，直至完成整个工件。(4) The extruded wire is heated and melted under the joint action of the irradiation of the circular cone-shaped beam and the heat conduction of the molten pool on the processing surface, and then enters the molten pool. materials and stack them layer by layer until the entire workpiece is complete.
本发明的有益效果在于：解决了现有送丝工艺方法中因丝材弯曲产生的送丝精度差的问题，消除了加工过程中因光束离焦波动对加工质量造成的不利影响；装置结构简单，光丝耦合连续稳定，加工质量高；环形光束轴线发生垂直变化，真正实现了送丝管与所述环锥形光束的同轴设置；加热装置预热金属材料，激光功率要求不高，使用维护方便，成本低廉，显著节约了成本投入。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: solving the problem of poor wire feeding accuracy caused by wire bending in the existing wire feeding process, and eliminating the adverse effects on processing quality caused by beam defocus fluctuations in the processing process; the device structure is simple , the optical fiber coupling is continuous and stable, and the processing quality is high; the axis of the ring beam changes vertically, which truly realizes the coaxial setting of the wire feeding tube and the ring cone beam; the heating device preheats the metal material, and the laser power requirement is not high. The maintenance is convenient and the cost is low, which significantly saves the cost input.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚，本发明提供如下附图进行说明：In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the present invention clearer, the present invention provides the following drawings for illustration:
图1为本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将结合附图，对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的描述。The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
如图所示，本发明所述的同轴送丝装置，包括真空箱体、密封设置在真空箱体内的环形光束发生装置及丝材输送打印装置，所述环形光束发生装置包括相互配合并产生中空环形光束的圆锥镜1与内圆锥镜2，以及倾斜设置并将中空环形光束转换成环锥形光束的环形凹面镜3，所述圆锥镜1与内圆锥镜2同轴设置，所述环锥形光束轴线a与环形光束轴线b相垂直；所述丝材输送打印装置包括用于输送丝材的送丝管5、设置在送丝管5上的矫直机构6、打印喷头7及设置在打印喷头7上方的加热装置8；所述送丝管5、打印喷头7与所述环锥形光束同轴。As shown in the figure, the coaxial wire feeding device of the present invention includes a vacuum box, an annular beam generating device sealed in the vacuum box, and a wire conveying and printing device. The conical mirror 1 and the inner conical mirror 2 of the hollow annular light beam, and the annular concave mirror 3 which is arranged obliquely and converts the hollow annular light beam into a ring conical light beam, the conical mirror 1 and the inner conical mirror 2 are coaxially arranged, and the ring The conical beam axis a is perpendicular to the annular beam axis b; the wire feeding and printing device includes a wire feeding tube 5 for feeding wire, a straightening mechanism 6 arranged on the wire feeding tube 5, a printing nozzle 7 and a set The heating device 8 above the printing nozzle 7; the wire feeding tube 5, the printing nozzle 7 and the ring cone light beam are coaxial.
在本实施例中，环形光束发生装置与丝材输送打印装置垂直布置，圆锥镜1轴线与送丝管5轴线互相垂直，圆锥镜1不会再对送丝管5上端产生干涉作用，消除了因圆锥镜1设置而引发的金属丝材弯曲问题，同时矫直机构6再辅助作用，显著提高了送丝精度，真正实现了同轴送丝；打印喷头7上方的加热装置8可预热金属材料，降低了激光功率节约了成本，光丝耦合连续稳定，加工质量高。In this embodiment, the ring-shaped beam generating device and the wire feeding and printing device are vertically arranged, the axis of the conical mirror 1 is perpendicular to the axis of the wire feeding tube 5, and the conical mirror 1 will no longer interfere with the upper end of the wire feeding tube 5, eliminating The metal wire bending problem caused by the setting of the conical mirror 1, at the same time the straightening mechanism 6 assists, significantly improves the wire feeding accuracy, and truly realizes coaxial wire feeding; the heating device 8 above the printing nozzle 7 can preheat the metal The laser power is reduced, the cost is saved, the optical fiber coupling is continuous and stable, and the processing quality is high.
利用上述同轴送丝装置进行激光三维制造的方法，主要包含以下步骤：The method for performing laser three-dimensional manufacturing by using the above-mentioned coaxial wire feeding device mainly includes the following steps:
(1)激光器发射出的激光束由圆锥镜1、内圆锥镜2依次切割变向，形成中空无光的环形光束；(1) The laser beam emitted by the laser is sequentially cut and redirected by the conical mirror 1 and the inner conical mirror 2 to form a hollow and lightless annular beam;
(2)环形光束再经由倾斜设置的环形凹面镜3换向，形成半径渐减的环锥形光束；(2) The annular light beam is reversed through the inclined annular concave mirror 3 to form an annular conical light beam with a gradually decreasing radius;
(3)丝材由置于环锥形光束中心处的送丝管5输送至工作底板9上，输送过程中，丝材依次经过矫直机构6矫直与加热装置8加热，最终由打印喷头7挤出；(3) The wire material is transported to the working base plate 9 by the wire feeding tube 5 placed at the center of the circular cone-shaped beam. During the transport process, the wire material is straightened by the straightening mechanism 6 and heated by the heating device 8 in turn, and finally the wire is fed by the printing nozzle. 7 extrusion;
(4)挤出的丝材在环锥形光束的照射及加工表面的熔池热传导共同作用下被加热、熔化而进入熔池内，打印喷头7按预先设定好的路径行走，分层喷出丝材并层层叠加，直至完成整个工件。(4) The extruded wire is heated and melted under the joint action of the circular cone-shaped beam and the heat conduction of the molten pool on the processing surface, and enters the molten pool. The printing nozzle 7 walks along the preset path and sprays out layers The filaments are layered on top of each other until the entire workpiece is completed.
本发明所述的送丝、熔融、挤出、加工成型全过程均在惰性气氛保护环境下进行；具体涉及的金属材料包含纯金属与合金，纯金属材料可为铁、铜、铝、锡、镍、金、银、铅或锌等，合金材料可为不锈钢、钛合金、铝合金、镁合金、镁铝合金、镍基合金、钴铬合金及钨合金等。The whole process of wire feeding, melting, extrusion and processing and molding described in the present invention is carried out under an inert atmosphere protection environment; the specifically involved metal materials include pure metals and alloys, and pure metal materials can be iron, copper, aluminum, tin, Nickel, gold, silver, lead or zinc, etc. The alloy material can be stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, magnesium aluminum alloy, nickel-based alloy, cobalt-chromium alloy and tungsten alloy.
最后说明的是，以上优选实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管通过上述优选实施例已经对本发明进行了详细的描述，但本领域技术人员应当理解，可以在形式上和细节上对其作出各种各样的改变，而不偏离本发明权利要求书所限定的范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that it can be described in terms of form and Various changes may be made in the details without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the claims.
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| CN110405203A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2019-11-05 | 长沙嘉程机械制造有限公司 | Coaxial compound multiple laser+electric heating silk material deposition method |
| CN108544092A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-09-18 | 上海产业技术研究院 | A kind of coaxial wire feed deposition head for laser metal printing |
| CN108380881B (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2024-03-19 | 南方科技大学 | Composite heating 3D printer and 3D printing method |
| CN109807415B (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2022-01-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Processing device and processing method for coaxial wire feeding of hollow electron beams |
| CN109852967B (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2021-01-19 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 | Fine beam current laser melting deposition additive manufacturing method and laser processing head used by same |
| CN110640322A (en) * | 2019-10-26 | 2020-01-03 | 苏州大学 | An optical internal wire feeding device for wire feeding in laser additive manufacturing |
| CN116100153B (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-12-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Laser-electric arc coaxial composite machining device, machining system and machining method |
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