CN111151757A - Composite electron beam additive manufacturing equipment and process - Google Patents
Composite electron beam additive manufacturing equipment and process Download PDFInfo
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- CN111151757A CN111151757A CN202010109194.4A CN202010109194A CN111151757A CN 111151757 A CN111151757 A CN 111151757A CN 202010109194 A CN202010109194 A CN 202010109194A CN 111151757 A CN111151757 A CN 111151757A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/46—Radiation means with translatory movement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
- B22F12/37—Rotatable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/53—Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/55—Two or more means for feeding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a composite electron beam additive manufacturing device and a composite electron beam additive manufacturing process.A base of an electron beam gun of the device is provided with a wire feeding nozzle and a powder feeding nozzle, the powder feeding nozzle is connected with a powder feeding system, and a metal wire is fed into the wire feeding nozzle through a wire feeder to form a composite electron beam additive melting system; an XYZ three-coordinate movement driving mechanism is arranged on a base of the electron beam gun and is connected with an XYZ three-coordinate movement driving controller, and the XYZ three-coordinate movement driving controller controls the XYZ three-coordinate movement driving mechanism to accurately move the electron beam gun and synchronously move a wire feeding nozzle and a powder feeding nozzle according to the part forming requirement, so that the part is deposited at a required position; the electron beam gun emits electron beams to melt the metal wires and the surface of the formed substrate, and a deposition layer is formed after solidification; and the metal powder is melted and deposited on the surface of the forming substrate to form a deposition layer, so that the composite additive manufacturing of the part is realized, and the manufacturing efficiency requirement and the manufacturing precision requirement are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to metal 3D printing equipment, in particular to electron beam additive printing equipment.
Background
Additive manufacturing is commonly known as 3D printing, and is a manufacturing technology which integrates computer aided design, material processing and forming technology, is based on a digital model file, and is used for stacking special metal materials, non-metal materials and medical biological materials layer by layer through software and a numerical control system according to modes of extrusion, sintering, melting, photocuring, spraying and the like to manufacture solid objects.
The main metal 3D printing process which can be used for directly manufacturing metal functional parts at present comprises the following steps: including Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) techniques, Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS), Selective Laser Melting (SLM) techniques, Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) techniques, and Electron Beam Selective Melting (EBSM) techniques, among others.
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and selective laser sintering, as the name suggests, the adopted metallurgical mechanism is a liquid phase sintering mechanism, the powder material is partially melted in the forming process, the powder particles retain the solid phase core thereof, and the powder densification is realized through subsequent solid phase particle rearrangement and liquid phase solidification bonding. Because the strength of the sintered part is low, the high strength can be achieved only by post-treatment, and the manufactured three-dimensional part generally has the problems of low strength, low precision, poor surface quality and the like.
Selective laser melting, SLM technology was developed based on SLS, both of which have similar basic principles. The SLM technology needs to completely melt metal powder to directly form a metal part, so before a laser beam of a high-power-density laser starts scanning, a horizontal powder spreading roller firstly spreads the metal powder on a substrate of a processing chamber, then the laser beam selectively melts the powder on the substrate according to the contour information of the current layer to process the contour of the current layer, a lifting system descends a distance of the thickness of the layer, a powder spreading roller is rolled to spread the metal powder on the processed current layer, equipment is adjusted to the next layer for processing, and the layer-by-layer processing is carried out until the whole part is processed. The whole processing process is carried out in a processing chamber which is vacuumized or is protected by gas, so as to prevent the metal from reacting with other gases at high temperature. The selective laser melting forming technology can obtain a formed part with metallurgical bonding, compact structure, high dimensional accuracy and good mechanical property, but has the advantages of small forming range, very low forming efficiency and high cost.
Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) was first proposed by the american Sandia national laboratory in the last 90 s and was subsequently developed in many parts of the world in succession, and since many universities and institutions were independently studied, the name of this technology is many, although the names are different, their principle is basically the same, and during the forming process, powder is collected on a working plane through a nozzle, and Laser beams are collected at the same time, the powder action points are overlapped, and a stacked and clad entity is obtained by moving a table or the nozzle. The LENS technology uses a kilowatt-level laser, and the adopted laser has a large focusing spot which is generally more than 1mm, so that a metallurgically bonded compact metal entity can be obtained, but the dimensional precision and the surface smoothness are not good enough, and the laser can be used after further machining.
In the research field, a composite additive manufacturing technology adopting a laser technology also appears, the composite additive manufacturing is performed by adopting laser as an energy source and combining wire feeding and powder feeding technologies, but the structure for realizing wire feeding and powder feeding is complex and the efficiency of the laser is low, so that the composite additive manufacturing technology is difficult to realize in actual production due to the fact that the laser needs to be focused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide brand-new composite electron beam additive manufacturing equipment and process so as to solve the problems of low precision, low efficiency and high processing cost in the existing direct energy deposition 3D printing production.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a composite electron beam additive manufacturing device comprises a forming substrate, an electron beam gun, a wire feeding nozzle and a powder feeding nozzle, wherein the forming substrate can rotate along a vertical axis and is inclined along a horizontal axis; the forming substrate is arranged below the composite electron beam additive melting system; an XYZ three-coordinate moving driving mechanism is arranged on a base of the electron beam gun and is connected with an XYZ three-coordinate moving driving controller, and the XYZ three-coordinate moving driving controller controls the XYZ three-coordinate moving driving mechanism to accurately move the electron beam gun and synchronously move a wire feeding nozzle and a powder feeding nozzle according to the part forming requirement, so that the part is deposited at a required position; the electron beam gun emits electron beams, the electron beams are focused on the surfaces of the metal wire and the forming substrate, the surfaces of the metal wire and the forming substrate are melted at the same time, liquid drops are combined with the surface of the forming substrate after the metal wire is melted, and a deposition layer is formed after the liquid drops are solidified; the powder feeding system feeds metal powder into the powder feeding nozzle, so that the metal powder is melted by an electron beam emitted by the electron beam gun in the falling process and is deposited on the surface of the forming substrate to form a deposition layer, and the composite additive manufacturing of the part is realized.
Furthermore, the forming substrate is provided with a rotation driving mechanism capable of rotating along a vertical axis and an inclination driving and adjusting mechanism capable of inclining along a horizontal axis, the rotation driving mechanism and the inclination driving and adjusting mechanism are connected with the deposition controller, and the deposition controller rotates the rotation driving mechanism and the inclination driving and adjusting mechanism to enable the forming substrate to rotate and incline. The special shape of the part is ensured to be formed.
Furthermore, the wire feeder is connected with the deposition controller, and the deposition controller adjusts the wire feeding speed of the wire feeder according to a set program so as to feed the metal wire into the wire feeding nozzle.
Further, the angle and the position of the wire feeding nozzle are set according to the position of the light spot, and the angle and the position are used for ensuring that the metal wire is deposited on the forming substrate after being melted.
Further, the powder feeding system adopts a screw structure, and the screw structure is used for pre-mixing and extruding metal powder and then feeding the metal powder into the powder feeding nozzle.
Further, the electron beam emitted by the electron beam gun melts the metal powder in the falling process, and the metal powder is deposited at the defect position where wire feeding deposition occurs according to the part forming requirement.
Further, the metal wire and the metal powder are made of any one of stainless steel, titanium alloy, copper alloy and high-temperature alloy.
A part forming process adopting composite electron beam additive manufacturing equipment adopts a wire feeding deposition and powder feeding deposition phase composite method, a part model is sliced and then divided into two parts, one part is deposited through an electron beam fuse, the other part of fine part is deposited through electron beam fused powder, and after the integral deposition is finished, the compensation is carried out through the electron beam fused powder deposition.
Compared with the prior art, the invention solves the following problems and has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a composite electron beam additive manufacturing device and a composite electron beam additive manufacturing process. The electron beam is used as an energy source, combined type 3D printing is carried out by combining wire feeding and powder feeding technologies, wire feeding printing efficiency is high, precision is low, the powder feeding technology is low in efficiency, but precision is high, combined type additive manufacturing of metal machine components is achieved, and manufacturing efficiency requirements and manufacturing precision requirements are met.
2. The electron beam gun adopts a conventional electron beam gun, has high energy conversion efficiency and small input power, can effectively control the input heat in the deposition process, reduces the deformation and controls the solidification quality of the metal material.
3. The wire feeding nozzle can accurately feed metal wires of different specifications to an electron beam light spot area according to the melting strategy requirement, and the electron beam wire feeding direct energy deposition is realized.
4. The powder feeding nozzle can accurately feed metal powder with different specifications to an electron beam light spot area, and realizes direct energy deposition of electron beam powder feeding.
5. The molding substrate can be used as an auxiliary substrate for molding the part, and can also be used as a part of the part, so that the molding efficiency is improved.
6. The process adopts the electron beam technology, adopts the electron beam to feed the wires to deposit the main size of the part on the forming substrate, and then adopts the electron beam powder feeding technology to compensate the fine size of the part, thereby not only having high forming efficiency, but also having controllable precision, low cost and stable printing quality of the part.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the composite electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention includes an electron beam gun 010, a wire feeding nozzle 011, a powder feeding nozzle 012, a metal wire 020, a powder feeding system 030, a forming substrate 040, and a deposition layer 041.
The base of the electron beam gun 010 is provided with a wire feeding nozzle 011 and a powder feeding nozzle 012, the powder feeding nozzle 012 is connected with a powder feeding system 030, and the metal wire 020 is fed into the wire feeding nozzle 011 through a wire feeder to form a composite electron beam additive melting system. An XYZ three-coordinate movement driving mechanism is arranged on a base of the electron beam gun 010 and connected with an XYZ three-coordinate movement driving controller. The molding substrate 040 is disposed below the composite electron beam additive melting system, the molding substrate 040 is provided with a rotation driving mechanism capable of rotating along a vertical axis and an inclination driving and adjusting mechanism capable of inclining along a horizontal axis, the rotation driving mechanism and the inclination driving and adjusting mechanism are connected with the deposition controller, and the deposition controller rotates the rotation driving mechanism and the inclination driving and adjusting mechanism to enable the molding substrate 040 to rotate and incline.
In the invention, the electron beam gun 010 is used as an energy source for direct energy deposition to convert electric energy into electron beam energy, and through the functions of acceleration, focusing and the like, a focused control light spot is positioned above the forming substrate 040 to melt metal wires or metal powder. The electron beam gun 010 is controlled by XYZ three coordinates, and can be accurately moved according to molding, so that the part is deposited at a desired position. The wire feed nozzle 011 is mounted on a base of the electron beam gun 010 to move synchronously with the movement of the electron beam gun 010. The angle and the position of the wire feeding nozzle 011 are set according to the position of the light spot, so that the metal wire is deposited on the forming substrate after being melted, and the specification of the wire feeding nozzle 011 is adjusted according to the diameter of the metal wire. The metal wire 020 can be fed by a wire feeder, the material of the metal wire can be controlled according to the standard of the welding wire, and the metal wire can also adopt customized components and customized specifications. The powder feeding nozzle 012 and the powder feeding nozzle 011 are symmetrically distributed, fixed on the base of the electron beam gun 010, and synchronously moved with the movement of the electron beam gun 010. The angle and position of the powder feeding nozzle 012 are set according to the position of the spot, so as to ensure that the metal powder is melted and deposited on the molding substrate 040. The powder feeding nozzle 012 is connected to a powder feeding system 030, which employs a screw type structure and feeds metal powder into the powder feeding nozzle 012 after premixing and extruding the metal powder. The molding substrate 040 is made of a material having the same mark as the part, and can rotate and tilt, and the wire or powder is melted and deposited as a 041 deposition layer, which is melted and integrated with the molding substrate 040. The whole set of equipment is operated in a vacuum environment.
When the device of the invention is operated, proper metal wire materials and metal powder are selected according to the requirements of parts, the forming substrate 040 is fixed, wire feeding direct energy deposition is firstly carried out, the metal wire 020 is fed into the wire feeding nozzle 011 through the wire feeder, the wire feeding speed can be set and adjusted according to a program, the electron beam gun 010 emits electron beams which are focused on the surfaces of the metal wire and the forming substrate 040, the metal wire and the substrate surface are melted at the same time, liquid drops are combined with the surface of the forming substrate 040 after the metal wire is melted, a deposition layer 041 is formed after solidification, the electron beam gun 010 moves according to a track set by the program, and the main shape of the section of the part is deposited on the surface. The metal powder enters the powder feeding nozzle 012 through the powder feeding system 030, and is melted by the electron beam emitted by the electron beam gun 010 in the falling process and deposited on the surface of the molding substrate 040 to form a deposition layer 041. When manufacturing a specific part, the molding substrate 040 can be rotated and tilted, and the molding of a specific shape of the part is ensured.
The invention also provides a novel direct energy deposition process. The traditional direct energy deposition is to slice a part model, deposit by independently adopting fuse wires or fusing powder and stack the part layer by layer. The invention divides the part model into two parts after slicing, one part is deposited by an electron beam fuse, and the other part of fine part is deposited by electron beam fused powder. And after the integral deposition is finished, compensating by using electron beam fused powder deposition.
Claims (8)
1. A composite electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus having a forming substrate rotatable about a vertical axis and tiltable about a horizontal axis, an electron beam gun for melting a metal wire and a metal powder, a wire feed nozzle, and a powder feed nozzle, characterized in that: a wire feeding nozzle and a powder feeding nozzle are mounted on a base of the electron beam gun, the powder feeding nozzle is connected with a powder feeding system, and a metal wire is fed into the wire feeding nozzle through a wire feeder to form a composite electron beam additive melting system; the forming substrate is arranged below the composite electron beam additive melting system; an XYZ three-coordinate moving driving mechanism is arranged on a base of the electron beam gun and is connected with an XYZ three-coordinate moving driving controller, and the XYZ three-coordinate moving driving controller controls the XYZ three-coordinate moving driving mechanism to accurately move the electron beam gun and synchronously move a wire feeding nozzle and a powder feeding nozzle according to the part forming requirement, so that the part is deposited at a required position; the electron beam gun emits electron beams, the electron beams are focused on the surfaces of the metal wire and the forming substrate, the surfaces of the metal wire and the forming substrate are melted at the same time, liquid drops are combined with the surface of the forming substrate after the metal wire is melted, and a deposition layer is formed after the liquid drops are solidified; the powder feeding system feeds metal powder into the powder feeding nozzle, so that the metal powder is melted by an electron beam emitted by the electron beam gun in the falling process and is deposited on the surface of the forming substrate to form a deposition layer, and the composite additive manufacturing of the part is realized.
2. The composite electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the forming substrate is provided with a rotation driving mechanism capable of rotating along a vertical axis and an inclination driving adjusting mechanism capable of inclining along a horizontal axis, the rotation driving mechanism and the inclination driving adjusting mechanism are connected with a deposition controller, and the deposition controller rotates the rotation driving mechanism and the inclination driving adjusting mechanism to enable the forming substrate to rotate and incline, so that the special shape of the part is formed.
3. The composite electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the wire feeder is connected with the deposition controller, and the deposition controller adjusts the wire feeding speed of the wire feeder according to a set program so as to feed the metal wire into the wire feeding nozzle.
4. The composite electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the angle and the position of the wire feeding nozzle are set according to the position of the light spot, and the wire feeding nozzle is used for ensuring that the metal wire is deposited on the forming substrate after being melted.
5. The composite electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the powder feeding system adopts a screw structure, and metal powder is premixed and extruded by the screw structure and then is fed into the powder feeding nozzle.
6. The composite electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: and the electron beam emitted by the electron beam gun melts the metal powder in the falling process, and the metal powder is deposited at the defect position where wire feeding deposition occurs according to the part forming requirement.
7. The composite electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the metal wire and the metal powder are made of any one of stainless steel, titanium alloy, copper alloy and high-temperature alloy.
8. A part forming process using the composite electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: and cutting the part model into two parts by adopting a wire feeding deposition and powder feeding deposition phase composite method, wherein one part is deposited through an electron beam fuse wire, the other part of the fine part is deposited through electron beam fused powder, and the electron beam fused powder deposition is used for compensation after the integral deposition is finished.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN113664219A (en) * | 2021-10-23 | 2021-11-19 | 北京煜鼎增材制造研究院有限公司 | High-temperature titanium alloy material high-flux preparation method based on laser in-situ metallurgy |
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| CN115070063A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-09-20 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of electron beam 3D printing copper-chromium contact |
| CN115121391A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-09-30 | 航天科工哈尔滨风华有限公司 | Powder spraying device and method for electric arc additive manufacturing |
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