CN104259459A - Method for producing titanium alloy artware by adopting selective laser melting - Google Patents
Method for producing titanium alloy artware by adopting selective laser melting Download PDFInfo
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- CN104259459A CN104259459A CN201410515188.3A CN201410515188A CN104259459A CN 104259459 A CN104259459 A CN 104259459A CN 201410515188 A CN201410515188 A CN 201410515188A CN 104259459 A CN104259459 A CN 104259459A
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- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002114 biscuit porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007499 fusion processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XRRONFCBYFZWTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid;sodium Chemical group [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XRRONFCBYFZWTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011538 cleaning material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000110 selective laser sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of material preparation, in particular to a method for producing titanium alloy artware by adopting selective laser melting. The method includes the steps: creating two-dimensional slicing data of a part structure to be produced and importing the two-dimensional slicing data into a metal powder laser melting system; setting processing technological parameters of the metal powder laser melting system; taking titanium alloy powder and spreading the titanium alloy powder on the metal powder laser melting system, and sequentially performing laser melting, powder sieving, heat treatment, wire cutting, cleaning, sand blasting, polishing and the like under the protection of inert gas to obtain the titanium alloy artware. According to the method, specific titanium alloy types and specification parameters are selected, and the processing technological parameters of the metal powder laser melting system are optimized for multiple times, so that the produced titanium alloy artware is high in precision, stable in shaping quality, small in distortion, excellent in mechanical property and good in surface smoothness through follow-up processing and has great artistic value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of material preparation, in particular to a kind of method adopting selective laser melting process to prepare titanium alloy handicraft.
Background technology
Precinct laser fusion, be called for short SLM (Selective Laser Melting) technology, developed and upgrading by Selective Laser Sintering, be also referred to as direct metal laser sintering technology, belong to one of metal RP technique, usually be also referred to as 3D print or increase material manufacturing technology, it is the high-new manufacturing technology of one based on material stacking method, it collects CAD, mechanical engineering, reverse Engineering Technology, Layered Manufacturing Technology, material science, Numeric Control Technology, laser technology, can be direct, automatically, fast, accurately design philosophy changed into the prototype with certain function or directly manufacture entity, thus be physical prototypes making, the aspects such as the verification of new design philosophy provide a kind of realization rate of high efficiency, low cost.This technology does not need traditional mould, cutter, fixture and multi-step process, an equipment can produce the part of any complicated shape fast and critically, thus realize " freely manufacturing ", solve many shapings being difficult to parts with complex structures or the personalized product manufactured in the past, and greatly reduce manufacturing procedure, shorten the process-cycle, and the product of labyrinth or personalization, its advantage is more for highlighting.
The feature of 3D printing technique is the quick manufacture of single-piece or small lot, make products innovation and intention can real concept to the conversion of entity, such as technique gift dish, mobile phone profile, personalized ring, necklace, the generalities art work, trophy, to carve characters sign, USB flash disk, sculpture in small scale product, human body head portrait, individual decoration product in indoor and car, metal game model etc., but nowadays for the personalized product mainly plastic products of 3D printing-forming, metallic article is few, finished product quality is poor, mainly concentrate on density low, fineness difference etc., attractive in appearance and artistic value is not possessed after shaping, cost is higher simultaneously, the design product of high-quality are made to be difficult to realize.
Titanium alloy has the advantages such as density is low, specific strength is high, corrosion resistance is good, heat resistance is high, processing performance is good, the normally material of aerospace structure, due to titanium alloy plurality of advantages, and can be painted, be also gradually subject to liking of people by titanium alloy craft articles, but the intensity of titanium alloy is high, traditional subtracts technique decorative pattern and the figure that material processing technology is difficult to processed complex, so current titanium alloy handicraft is also only limitted to some simple technique foundry goods and machined piece, the handicraft that artistic value is higher is also few, wherein, application number is 201410153417.1 disclose a kind of pure titanium powder forming method based on selective laser melting process, the method achieve the flexibility adopting titanium valve to prepare parts, but, the compactness of its obtained metal parts, forming accuracy and roughness are all weak, need to improve further, this is also the technical barrier that those skilled in the art need to overcome always.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method adopting selective laser melting process to prepare titanium alloy handicraft, to solve the above problems.
Provide a kind of method adopting selective laser melting process to prepare titanium alloy handicraft in an embodiment of the present invention, comprise the following steps:
Prepare the threedimensional model of design of part needed for (a), structure and inputted in 3D printing software for editing, carrying out two dimensionization process after editor, obtain two dimensional slice data and imported metal powder laser melting systems;
The working process parameter of (b), setting metal powder laser melting systems: laser power is 100-400W, sweep speed is 1000-1500mm/s, paving bisque is thick is 20-60 μm, spot diameter is 0.05-0.1mm, laser lap is 0-1mm, the skew of X-axis, Y-axis is 0.05-0.15%, and light-dark cycle is 0.05mm-0.13mm;
(c), get titanium alloy powder and spread over metal powder laser melting systems, pass into inert gas in described metal powder laser melting systems, in it, oxygen content is below 0.1%; Wherein, titanium alloy is Ti6Al4V, and the size distribution D10 of described titanium alloy powder is 10-25 μm, D50 be 28-42 μm, D90 is 50-61 μm; The Oxygen potential of titanium alloy powder is more than 98%, and apparent density is at 2.15-3.0g/cm
3;
(d), carry out laser fusion successively, sieve powder, heat treatment, Linear cut, cleaning, sandblasting, polishing and get final product.
Preferably, in described step (d), laser fusion comprises the following steps successively: laser premelt, paving powder, laser fusion, paving powder, laser fusion; Wherein, the pre-melted paving bisque of described laser is 2-5 layer.
Preferably, in described step (d), described heat treatment is vacuum heat, and described vacuum heat is: temperature 600-950 DEG C, vacuum 5.0 × 10
-2-6 × 10
-4pa, temperature retention time 2-4h.
Preferably, in described step (d), described Linear cut adopts high speed to-and-fro thread feed electric spark Linear cut, and pulse width set is 30-50ms, and the pulse spacing is 15-28s, and power amplifier is chosen as 2-10.
Preferably, in described step (d), described cleaning is Ultrasonic Cleaning, and scavenging period is 0.5-1h, and cleansing medium is absolute alcohol.
Preferably, in described step (d), the sand type that described sandblasting is selected is green silicon carbide, and granularity is 16-20 order, and the duration is 3-10min.
Preferably, in described step (c), described inert gas is argon gas.
Preferably, in described step (d), described polishing adopts chemical polishing or MMP process.
Preferably, any one in described chemical polishing employing phosphatic type chemical polishing agent, nitric acid type chemical polishing agent, sulfuric acid type chemical polishing agent, hydrofluoric acid base chemical polishing agent, stearic acid sodium form chemical polishing agent processes.
Preferably, in described step (a), the two dimensional image process generating three-dimensional figures picture of design of part will be prepared needed for handicraft;
In conjunction with 3-D view, the overall structure of handicraft is carried out to foundation and the reparation of computer three-dimensional model, and export as STL formatted file;
Stl file being imported to 3D prints in special software for editing, the threedimensional model of editor STL form, in order to prevent the support required for handicraft distortion in design precinct laser fusion process, and slicing treatment is carried out to the threedimensional model designing support, obtain SLI two dimensional slice data document, be divided into a series of X-Y scheme along Z-direction by equal thickness by described computer three-dimensional model.
A kind of method adopting selective laser melting process to prepare titanium alloy handicraft that the embodiment of the present invention provides, by selected specific titanium alloy kind and its specifications parameter, and repeatedly optimize the working process parameter of metal powder laser melting systems, after lot of experiments, obtained titanium alloy handicraft precision is high, forming quality is stablized, and has the very little distortion factor, makes titanium alloy handicraft have great artistic value; By the shaping of metal powders titanium alloy handicraft that SLM is special, forming process is stablized, and has very high repeatability; By subsequent treatment, make titanium alloy handicraft excellent in mechanical performance take into account good surface smoothness simultaneously.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Provide a kind of method adopting selective laser melting process to prepare titanium alloy handicraft in an embodiment of the present invention, comprise the following steps:
Prepare the threedimensional model of design of part needed for (a), structure and inputted in 3D printing software for editing, carrying out two dimensionization process after editor, obtain two dimensional slice data and imported metal powder laser melting systems;
The working process parameter of (b), setting metal powder laser melting systems: laser power is 100-400W, sweep speed is 1000-1500mm/s, paving bisque is thick is 20-60 μm, spot diameter is 0.05-0.1mm, laser lap is 0-1mm, the skew of X-axis, Y-axis is 0.05-0.15%, and light-dark cycle is 0.05mm-0.13mm;
(c), get titanium alloy powder and spread over metal powder laser melting systems, pass into inert gas in described metal powder laser melting systems, in it, oxygen content is below 0.1%; Wherein, titanium alloy is Ti6Al4V, and the size distribution D10 of described titanium alloy powder is 10-25 μm, D50 be 28-42 μm, D90 is 50-61 μm; The Oxygen potential of titanium alloy powder is more than 98%, and apparent density is at 2.15-3.0g/cm
3;
(d), carry out laser fusion successively, sieve powder, heat treatment, Linear cut, cleaning, sandblasting, polishing and get final product.
A kind of method adopting selective laser melting process to prepare titanium alloy handicraft that the embodiment of the present invention provides, by selected specific titanium alloy kind and its specifications parameter, ensures that SLM forming process is stablized, finished product quality and functional; And repeatedly optimize the working process parameter of metal powder laser melting systems, after lot of experiments, obtained titanium alloy handicraft precision is high, and forming quality is stablized, and has the very little distortion factor, makes titanium alloy handicraft have great artistic value; By the shaping of metal powders titanium alloy handicraft that SLM is special, forming process is stablized, and has very high repeatability; By subsequent treatment, make titanium alloy handicraft excellent in mechanical performance take into account good surface smoothness simultaneously.
Precinct laser fusion, titanium alloy powder is carried out precinct laser fusion, the preparation of handicraft is carried out in metal powder laser melting systems, inside passes into inert gas, oxygen content in construction storehouse is controlled below 0.1%, just can carry out construction work when oxygen content is less than 0.1%, prevent technique part to be oxidized in forming process, affect handicraft quality.
In order to ensure that the titanium alloy powder that fusing point is higher can form liquid phase smoothly, laser power is 100-400W, and sweep speed is 1000-1500mm/s; In order to coordinate the size distribution of powder, paving bisque is thick is 20-60 μm; Average grain diameter setting spot diameter according to powder is 0.05-0.1mm, and laser lap is 0-1mm; In order to ensure that the skew of precision set X-axis, Y-axis is 0.12%, light-dark cycle is 0.05mm-0.13mm.
Preferably, in described step (a), the two dimensional image process generating three-dimensional figures picture of design of part will be prepared needed for handicraft;
In conjunction with 3-D view, the overall structure of handicraft is carried out to foundation and the reparation of computer three-dimensional model, and export as STL formatted file;
Stl file being imported to 3D prints in special software for editing, the threedimensional model of editor STL form, in order to prevent the support required for handicraft distortion in design precinct laser fusion process, and slicing treatment is carried out to the threedimensional model designing support, obtain SLI two dimensional slice data document, be divided into a series of X-Y scheme along Z-direction by equal thickness by described computer three-dimensional model.
Import respectively in Geomagic Studio 12 two dimensional image process software process as personage's head portrait and dragon picture risen two dimensional image, personage's head portrait generates the 3D solid with anaglyph, and the 3-D view generating and have hollow out effect risen by dragon picture; 3-D view is imported the global design carrying out handicraft in three-dimensional software, form one and there is the technique gift dish model that hollow out decorative pattern risen by personage's embossment and dragon picture; Gift dish model is exported and prints design support in special software for editing for STL formatted file imports Magics 3D, and two dimensionization process is carried out to the threedimensional model designing support, obtain SLI two dimensional slice data document; Obtain two dimensional slice data and imported metal powder laser melting systems.
Preferably, in described step (d), laser fusion comprises the following steps successively: laser premelt, paving powder, laser fusion, paving powder, laser fusion; Wherein, the pre-melted paving bisque of described laser is 2-5 layer.In order to ensure that formed products is bonding with bottom firmly, prescan fusing 2-5 layer.In addition, follow-up laser fusion paving bisque number is fixed according to workpiece size, and the layer of workpiece larger paving powder is more, identical with the laser fusion operation existed in prior art.
In addition, before use metal powder laser melting systems, it is cleared up, to prevent other compositions to be mixed into, affect product quality.Calibration operation platform is carried out, to prevent error on the impact of properties of product after dress powder.Carry out again after calibration operation platform applying argon gas → powder sprawl → powder → laser fusion → repaving powder → laser melts → terminates for laser premelt → repave.Next step carries out sieve powder, and the object of sieve powder prevents from removing finely ground particle substance, and the general sieve in 80 μm of apertures that adopts screens, and to remove finely ground particle substance, prevents it from causing the impact of performance to follow-up Product processing.
Preferably, in described step (d), described heat treatment is vacuum heat, and described vacuum heat is: temperature 600-950 DEG C, vacuum 5.0 × 10
-2-6 × 10
-4pa, temperature retention time 2-4h.Part is after vacuum heat, and distort little, quality is high, high life, and the flexible operation of technique own, nuisanceless; In addition, vacuum heat can remove the phosphorus bits of surface of the work, and has the effects such as degreasing degasification, accelerates absorption and the course of reaction of thermo-chemical treatment, thus reaches the effect of surface-brightening purification.
Preferably, in described step (d), described Linear cut adopts high speed to-and-fro thread feed electric spark Linear cut, and pulse width set is 30-50ms, and the pulse spacing is 15-28s, and power amplifier is chosen as 2-10.Adopt high speed to-and-fro thread feed electric spark linear cutter convenient, applied widely, and further increase surface quality and the surface accuracy of converted products.
Preferably, in described step (d), described cleaning is Ultrasonic Cleaning, and scavenging period is 0.5-1h, and cleansing medium is absolute alcohol.Ultrasonic Cleaning is adopted to be utilize ultrasonic wave cavitation in a liquid, acceleration effect and direct flow effect directly, indirectly to act on liquid and dirt, make that crud layer is disperseed, emulsification, stripping and reach cleaning object, that cleans is more thorough, and the cleansing medium adopted is absolute alcohol, volatile after absolute alcohol cleaning, noresidue in cleaning materials.
Preferably, in described step (d), the sand type that described sandblasting is selected is green silicon carbide, and granularity is 16-20 order, and the duration is 3-10min.Adopt the green silicon carbide of this granularity to carry out sandblasting, order number is little, and the ability of impacting titanium alloy is strong, and the roughness of product surface declines to a great extent, and the Product Precision obtained is higher, and surface is more bright and clean.
For preventing the oxidation of titanium alloy powder in process, preferably, in described step (c), described inert gas is argon gas.
Preferably, in described step (d), described polishing adopts chemical polishing or MMP process.Carry out chemical polishing or MMP process after sandblasting, can improve the service life of product further, amplification reaches more than 50%, and increases its surface accuracy simultaneously.
Preferably, any one in described chemical polishing employing phosphatic type chemical polishing agent, nitric acid type chemical polishing agent, sulfuric acid type chemical polishing agent, hydrofluoric acid base chemical polishing agent, stearic acid sodium form chemical polishing agent processes.Adopt the chemical polishing agent of this kind, selective dissolution can be carried out to the uneven region of product surface, with eliminate polishing scratch, etch leveling, the product flawless obtained, hole with loosen etc. defect.
A kind of method adopting selective laser melting process to prepare titanium alloy handicraft that the embodiment of the present invention provides, by selected specific titanium alloy kind and its specifications parameter, and repeatedly optimize the working process parameter of metal powder laser melting systems, after lot of experiments, obtained titanium alloy handicraft precision is high, forming quality is stablized, and has the very little distortion factor, makes titanium alloy handicraft have great artistic value; By the shaping of metal powders titanium alloy handicraft that SLM is special, forming process is stablized, and forming accuracy at 0.03-0.08mm, and has very high repeatability; Pass through subsequent treatment, make titanium alloy handicraft excellent in mechanical performance take into account good surface smoothness simultaneously, density is at 99.53%-99.86%, surface roughness Ra is 4.1-17 μm, flawless, hole and the defect such as loose, well solve titanium alloy of the prior art and be difficult to the technique foundry goods of processed complex and the problem of machined piece.
Employing selective laser melting process provided by the invention is adopted to prepare the method for titanium alloy handicraft, kinds of processes product are successfully prepared, as: individual decoration product etc. in technique gift dish, mobile phone profile, personalized ring, necklace, the generalities art work, trophy, seal, sign of carving characters, sculpture in small scale product, human body head portrait, indoor and car, obtained handicraft profile is exquisite.
Embodiment 1
Personage's head portrait and dragon picture are risen two dimensional image to import respectively in two dimensional image process software and process, personage's head portrait generates the 3D solid with anaglyph, and the 3-D view generating and have hollow out effect risen by dragon picture; The 3-D view generated is imported in three-dimensional software the global design carrying out handicraft, form one and there is the technique gift dish model that hollow out decorative pattern risen by personage's embossment and dragon picture; Gift dish model is exported and prints design support in special software for editing for STL formatted file imports 3D, and two dimensionization process is carried out to the threedimensional model designing support, obtain SLI two dimensional slice data document;
SLI two dimensional slice data document is imported the data command of metal powder laser melting systems as selective laser melting, prepare to carry out laser fusion shaping;
The working process parameter of setting metal powder laser melting systems: laser power is 200W, and sweep speed is 1200mm/s, and spreading bisque thick is 40 μm, spot diameter is 0.07mm, laser lap is 0.5mm, and the skew of X-axis, Y-axis is 0.1%, and light-dark cycle is 0.08mm;
Cleaning metal powder laser melting systems, get titanium alloy powder and spread in the paving powder storehouse of metal powder laser melting systems, calibration operation platform, then passes into high-purity argon gas in storehouse, and to storehouse, oxygen content is 0.07%; Wherein, titanium alloy powder parameter is: D10 is 22 μm, and D50 is 38 μm, and D90 is 55 μm, and the Oxygen potential of titanium alloy powder is 99%, and apparent density is 2.2g/cm
3, titanium alloy is Ti6Al4V;
Carry out precinct laser fusion, carry out laser premelt successively, paving powder, laser fusion, paving powder, laser fusion, wherein, the pre-melted paving bisque of laser is 4 layers;
With the sieve in 80 μm of apertures, sieve powder is carried out to the product of laser fusion, removes finely ground particle substance;
Then heat-treat, heat treatment is vacuum heat, and vacuum is 2.5 × 10
-3pa, temperature is 800 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 4 hours;
Handicraft after heat treatment is carried out Linear cut, and cutting adopts high speed to-and-fro thread feed electric spark Linear cut, and pulse width set is 40ms, and the pulse spacing is 24s, and power amplifier is chosen as 8;
Handicraft after Linear cut is carried out Ultrasonic Cleaning, and scavenging period is 40min, and cleansing medium is absolute alcohol;
Handicraft after cleaning is adopted 16 object green silicon carbide sandblastings, sandblasting duration 5min;
Handicraft after sandblasting is carried out polishing, and chemical polishing adopts phosphatic type chemical polishing agent to process, and obtains the titanium alloy technique gift dish of high accuracy labyrinth.
Embodiment 2
Animal head and dragon picture are risen two dimensional image to import respectively in two dimensional image process software and process, animal head generates the 3D solid with anaglyph, and the 3-D view generating and have hollow out effect risen by dragon picture; The 3-D view generated is imported in three-dimensional software the global design carrying out handicraft, form one and there is the technique gift dish model that hollow out decorative pattern risen by animal embossment and dragon picture; Gift dish model is exported and prints design support in special software for editing for STL formatted file imports 3D, and two dimensionization process is carried out to the threedimensional model designing support, obtain SLI two dimensional slice data document;
SLI two dimensional slice data document is imported the data command of metal powder laser melting systems as selective laser melting, prepare to carry out laser fusion shaping;
The working process parameter of setting metal powder laser melting systems: laser power is 100W, and sweep speed is 1000mm/s, and spreading bisque thick is 20 μm, spot diameter is 0.05mm, laser lap is 0mm, and the skew of X-axis, Y-axis is 0.05%, and light-dark cycle is 0.05mm;
Cleaning metal powder laser melting systems, get titanium alloy powder and spread in the paving powder storehouse of metal powder laser melting systems, calibration operation platform, then passes into high-purity argon gas in storehouse, and to storehouse, oxygen content is 0.09%; Wherein, titanium alloy powder parameter is: D10 is 10 μm, and D50 is 28 μm, and D90 is 50 μm, and the Oxygen potential of titanium alloy powder is 98%, and apparent density is 3.0g/cm
3, titanium alloy is Ti6Al4V;
Carry out precinct laser fusion, carry out laser premelt successively, paving powder, laser fusion, paving powder, laser fusion, wherein, the pre-melted paving bisque of laser is 2 layers;
With the sieve in 80 μm of apertures, sieve powder is carried out to the product of laser fusion, removes finely ground particle substance;
Then heat-treat, heat treatment is vacuum heat, and vacuum is 5.0 × 10
-2pa, temperature is 600 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 6 hours;
Handicraft after heat treatment is carried out Linear cut, and cutting adopts high speed to-and-fro thread feed electric spark Linear cut, and pulse width set is 30ms, and the pulse spacing is 15s, and power amplifier is chosen as 2;
Handicraft after Linear cut is carried out Ultrasonic Cleaning, and scavenging period is 0.5h, and cleansing medium is absolute alcohol;
Handicraft after cleaning is adopted 18 object green silicon carbide sandblastings, sandblasting duration 10min;
Handicraft after sandblasting is carried out MMP process, obtains the titanium alloy technique gift dish of high accuracy labyrinth.
Embodiment 3
Cartoon image and dragon picture are risen two dimensional image to import respectively in two dimensional image process software and process, cartoon image generates the 3D solid with anaglyph, and the 3-D view generating and have hollow out effect risen by dragon picture; The 3-D view generated is imported in three-dimensional software the global design carrying out handicraft, form one and there is the technique gift dish model that hollow out decorative pattern risen by cartoon embossment and dragon picture; Gift dish model is exported and prints design support in special software for editing for STL formatted file imports 3D, and two dimensionization process is carried out to the threedimensional model designing support, obtain SLI two dimensional slice data document;
SLI two dimensional slice data document is imported the data command of metal powder laser melting systems as selective laser melting, prepare to carry out laser fusion shaping;
The working process parameter of setting metal powder laser melting systems: laser power is 400W, and sweep speed is 1500mm/s, and spreading bisque thick is 60 μm, spot diameter is 0.1mm, laser lap is 1mm, and the skew of X-axis, Y-axis is 0.15%, and light-dark cycle is 0.13mm;
Cleaning metal powder laser melting systems, get titanium alloy powder and spread in the paving powder storehouse of metal powder laser melting systems, calibration operation platform, then passes into high-purity argon gas in storehouse, and to storehouse, oxygen content is 0.03%; Wherein, titanium alloy powder parameter is: D10 is 25 μm, and D50 is 42 μm, and D90 is 61 μm, and the Oxygen potential of titanium alloy powder is 99%, and apparent density is 2.15g/cm
3, titanium alloy is Ti6Al4V;
Carry out precinct laser fusion, carry out laser premelt successively, paving powder, laser fusion, paving powder, laser fusion, wherein, the pre-melted paving bisque of laser is 5 layers;
With the sieve in 80 μm of apertures, sieve powder is carried out to the product of laser fusion, removes finely ground particle substance;
Then heat-treat, heat treatment is vacuum heat, and vacuum is 6 × 10
-4pa, temperature is 950 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 2 hours;
Handicraft after heat treatment is carried out Linear cut, and cutting adopts high speed to-and-fro thread feed electric spark Linear cut, and pulse width set is 50ms, and the pulse spacing is 28s, and power amplifier is chosen as 10;
Handicraft after Linear cut is carried out Ultrasonic Cleaning, and scavenging period is 1h, and cleansing medium is absolute alcohol;
Handicraft after cleaning is adopted 20 object green silicon carbide sandblastings, sandblasting duration 10min;
Handicraft after sandblasting is carried out polishing, and chemical polishing adopts nitric acid type chemical polishing agent to process, and obtains the titanium alloy technique gift dish of high accuracy labyrinth.
The handicraft that embodiment 1-3 is obtained measures following parameter respectively: adopt spiral sides position device to measure forming accuracy, Archimedes's drainage is adopted to measure density, adopt roughmeter chart surface roughness, by light microscope determining, it has flawless, hole and the defect such as to loosen; Simultaneously, by application number for the method that 201410153417.1 provide prepares handicraft the same manner as in Example 1 as a control group, the preparation method of control group is: the method preparation adopting same embodiment 1 to provide, the raw material just adopted is changed to pure titanium powder, and scan power selects 90W, sweep speed selects 100mm/s, and sweep span is 70 μm, scanning slice thickness is 0.07mm, and the parameter of the handicraft mensuration of control group is with embodiment 1-3.The data obtained are as shown in table 1.
Table 1 handicraft parametric measurement numerical value
As can be seen from Table 1, the titanium alloy handicraft that the embodiment of the present invention is obtained, select specific titanium alloy powder, and set the working process parameter of specific metal powder laser melting systems, the titanium alloy handicraft forming process of preparation is stablized, forming accuracy at 0.03-0.08mm, and has very high repeatability; Pass through subsequent treatment, make titanium alloy handicraft excellent in mechanical performance take into account good surface smoothness simultaneously, density is at 99.53%-99.86%, surface roughness Ra is 4.1-17 μm, flawless, hole and the defect such as loose, well solve titanium alloy of the prior art and be difficult to the defect that compactness, forming accuracy and roughness that the technique foundry goods of processed complex and application number are 201410153417.1 obtained metal parts exist shortcoming.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. adopt selective laser melting process to prepare a method for titanium alloy handicraft, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Prepare the threedimensional model of design of part needed for (a), structure and inputted in 3D printing software for editing, carrying out two dimensionization process after editor, obtain two dimensional slice data and imported metal powder laser melting systems;
The working process parameter of (b), setting metal powder laser melting systems: laser power is 100-400W, sweep speed is 1000-1500mm/s, paving bisque is thick is 20-60 μm, spot diameter is 0.05-0.1mm, laser lap is 0-1mm, the skew of X-axis, Y-axis is 0.05-0.15%, and light-dark cycle is 0.05mm-0.13mm;
(c), get titanium alloy powder and spread over metal powder laser melting systems, pass into inert gas in described metal powder laser melting systems, in it, oxygen content is below 0.1%; Wherein, titanium alloy is Ti6Al4V, and the size distribution D10 of described titanium alloy powder is 10-25 μm, D50 be 28-42 μm, D90 is 50-61 μm; The Oxygen potential of titanium alloy powder is more than 98%, and apparent density is at 2.15-3.0g/cm
3;
(d), carry out laser fusion successively, sieve powder, heat treatment, Linear cut, cleaning, sandblasting, polishing and get final product.
2. employing selective laser melting process according to claim 1 prepares the method for titanium alloy handicraft, it is characterized in that, in described step (d), laser fusion comprises the following steps successively: laser premelt, paving powder, laser fusion, paving powder, laser fusion; Wherein, the pre-melted paving bisque of described laser is 2-5 layer.
3. employing selective laser melting process according to claim 1 prepares the method for titanium alloy handicraft, it is characterized in that, in described step (d), described heat treatment is vacuum heat, described vacuum heat is: temperature 600-950 DEG C, vacuum 5.0 × 10
-2-6 × 10
-4pa, temperature retention time 2-4h.
4. employing selective laser melting process according to claim 1 prepares the method for titanium alloy handicraft, it is characterized in that, in described step (d), described Linear cut adopts high speed to-and-fro thread feed electric spark Linear cut, pulse width set is 30-50ms, pulse spacing is 15-28s, and power amplifier is chosen as 2-10.
5. employing selective laser melting process according to claim 1 prepares the method for titanium alloy handicraft, it is characterized in that, in described step (d), described cleaning is Ultrasonic Cleaning, and scavenging period is 0.5-1h, and cleansing medium is absolute alcohol.
6. employing selective laser melting process according to claim 1 prepares the method for titanium alloy handicraft, it is characterized in that, in described step (d), the sand type that described sandblasting is selected is green silicon carbide, granularity is 16-20 order, and the duration is 3-10min.
7. employing selective laser melting process according to claim 1 prepares the method for titanium alloy handicraft, it is characterized in that, in described step (c), described inert gas is argon gas.
8. employing selective laser melting process according to claim 1 prepares the method for titanium alloy handicraft, it is characterized in that, in described step (d), described polishing adopts chemical polishing or MMP process.
9. employing selective laser melting process according to claim 8 prepares the method for titanium alloy handicraft, it is characterized in that, any one in described chemical polishing employing phosphatic type chemical polishing agent, nitric acid type chemical polishing agent, sulfuric acid type chemical polishing agent, hydrofluoric acid base chemical polishing agent, stearic acid sodium form chemical polishing agent processes.
10. the employing selective laser melting process according to any one of claim 1-9 prepares the method for titanium alloy handicraft, it is characterized in that, in described step (a), the two dimensional image process generating three-dimensional figures picture of design of part will be prepared needed for handicraft;
In conjunction with 3-D view, the overall structure of handicraft is carried out to foundation and the reparation of computer three-dimensional model, and export as STL formatted file;
Stl file being imported to 3D prints in special software for editing, the threedimensional model of editor STL form, in order to prevent the support required for handicraft distortion in design precinct laser fusion process, and slicing treatment is carried out to the threedimensional model designing support, obtain SLI two dimensional slice data document, be divided into a series of X-Y scheme along Z-direction by equal thickness by described computer three-dimensional model.
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