CN104013638B - 当药黄素及其衍生物的用途 - Google Patents
当药黄素及其衍生物的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104013638B CN104013638B CN201410217788.1A CN201410217788A CN104013638B CN 104013638 B CN104013638 B CN 104013638B CN 201410217788 A CN201410217788 A CN 201410217788A CN 104013638 B CN104013638 B CN 104013638B
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Abstract
本发明提供了当药黄素或其衍生物在制备抗抑郁药物中的新用途。当药黄素具有明显的抗抑郁作用,可显著改善单胺递质系统功能,对抑郁症及其症状体征具有辅助性治疗作用,为临床治疗抑郁症提供了一种新的选择。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及当药黄素及其衍生物的新用途。
背景技术
抑郁症(depression)属于情感性精神障碍(mood disorders),是一种以显著而持久的心境低落为主要特征,并伴有思维迟缓、意志活动减弱、以及多种躯体症状表现的综合征。抑郁症是危害人类身心健康的常见病、多发病,是一个全球性的主要精神问题,其终生患病率为6.1%-9.5%,约13%-20%的人一生曾有过抑郁体验,15%的重度抑郁症患者因自杀而死亡,每年自杀死亡人数估计高达100万人。世界卫生组织(WHO)估计全球约有抑郁症患者3.5亿,1996年,WHO公布的一项关于“疾病负担”的调查表明:以因病造成伤残(功能缺损)统计,抑郁症1990年居第四位,占全部疾病总负担的3.7%;到2020年将仅次于缺血性心脏病居第二位,占全部疾病总负担的5.7%。
当药黄素,是一种黄酮苷类成分,英文名:Swertisin;分子量为446.41,分子式为:C22H22O10,化学结构式如下:
当药黄素存在于多种植物中,目前有报道的包括爵床科的肋爵床,天南星科的马蹄莲,龙胆科的喉毛花,抱茎獐牙菜,日本当药,青叶胆,川西獐牙菜,鸢尾科,鼠李科等植物中。目前已有文献报道当药黄素具有保肝活性,能够抑制小鼠肝脏涎酶,对黄嘌呤氧化酶,流感病毒涎酶均具有一定的抑制作用。
目前尚未见当药黄素具有抗抑郁作用的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供当药黄素及其衍生物的新用途。
本发明提供了式I所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备抗抑郁的药物中的用途,
其中,R1~R3分别独立选自H或糖基。
进一步地,R1为H或糖基,R2、R3均为H。
更进一步地,R1为糖基。
其中,所述糖基选自葡萄糖基、乳糖基、半乳糖基、麦芽糖基、鼠李糖基、阿拉伯糖基或木糖基,包括各种糖基的任意构型。
进一步地,所述糖基选自葡萄糖基,如吡喃葡萄糖基或呋喃葡萄糖基。
更进一步地,所述葡萄糖基优选为吡喃葡萄糖基。
优选地,所述化合物结构式如下:
优选地,所述化合物为当药黄素的苷元,即R1~R3均为H,其结构如下:
该黄酮苷元可以通过当药黄素水解得到。
其中,所述药学上可接受的盐为式I化合物与金属离子或酸形成的盐。
进一步地,金属离子成盐形式多采用式I化合物与金属离子形成的钾盐、钠盐、镁盐、铁盐、锌盐等,常用的成盐手段是将式I化合物与相应碱反应 制备而成;除与金属离子成盐外,式I化合物还可以与酸成盐,包括药学上常见的有机酸或无机酸,如盐酸盐、硫酸盐、枸橼酸盐、苯磺酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢氟酸盐、磷酸盐、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、草酸盐、琥珀酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐、酒石酸盐等。
进一步地,所述药物是改善单胺递质系统功能的药物;优选地,所述单胺递质系统为5-羟色胺递质系统或去甲肾上腺素递质系统。
其中,所述药物是含有有效剂量的式I所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的经胃肠道吸收剂型、注射剂型或透皮吸收剂型。
上述各种剂型,是以式I所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐为主要活性原料,加上药学上可接受的辅料或辅助性成分制备而成的。
本发明所述药学上可接受的辅料包括但不仅限于填充剂(稀释剂)、润滑剂(助流剂或抗粘着剂)、分散剂、湿润剂、粘合剂、调节剂、增溶剂、抗氧剂、抑菌剂、乳化剂、崩解剂等。粘合剂包含糖浆、阿拉伯胶、明胶、山梨醇、黄芪胶、纤维素及其衍生物(如微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素或羟丙甲基纤维素等)、明胶浆、糖浆、淀粉浆或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等;填充剂包含水、乳糖、糖粉、糊精、淀粉及其衍生物、纤维素及其衍生物、无机钙盐(如硫酸钙、磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙、沉降碳酸钙等)、山梨醇或甘氨酸等;润滑剂包含微粉硅胶、硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、氢氧化铝、硼酸、氢化植物油、聚乙二醇等;崩解剂包含淀粉及其衍生物(如羧甲基淀粉钠、淀粉乙醇酸钠、预胶化淀粉、改良淀粉、羟丙基淀粉、玉米淀粉等)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或微晶纤维素等;湿润剂包含十二烷基硫酸钠、水或醇等;抗氧剂包含亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠、二丁基苯酸等;抑菌剂包含0.5%苯酚、0.3%甲酚、0.5%三氯叔丁醇等;调节剂包含盐酸、枸橼酸、氢氧化钾(钠)、枸橼酸钠及缓冲剂(包括磷酸二氧钠和磷酸氢二钠)等;乳化剂包含聚山梨酯-80、没酸山梨坦、普流罗尼克F-68,卵磷酯、豆磷脂等;增溶剂包含吐温-80、胆汁、甘油等。
所述药学上可接受的辅助性成分,它具有一定生理活性,但该成分的加入不会改变上述化合物在疾病治疗过程中的主导地位,而仅仅发挥辅助功效,它与上述化合物联合使用后可以产生一定的活性相加作用(并非协同增效),而这些辅助功效仅仅是对该成分已知活性的利用,是医药领域惯用的辅助治疗方式。若将上述辅助性成分与本发明化合物配合使用,仍然应属于本发明保护的范围。
除本发明所述化合物及其药学上可接受的盐外,所述化合物前体药物的相关制药用途也应该被包括在本发明的保护范围内,其中,所述前体药物是 指本发明所述式I化合物经过化学结构修饰后得到的在体内经酶或非酶的转化释放出活性成分而发挥药效的化合物。
本发明的一种实施方式中,本发明包括了同位素标记的式I化合物,所述同位素标记化合物是指与本文中所列化合物相同,但是其中的一个或多个原子被另一个原子取代,该原子的原子质量或质量数不同于自然界中常见的的原子质量或质量数。可以引入式I化合物中的同位素包括氢、碳、氮、氧、硫,即2H,3H、13C、14C、15N、17O、18O、35S。含有上述同位素和/或其它原子同位素的式I的化合物及其立体异构体,以及该化合物、立体异构体的可药用的盐均应包含在本发明范围之内。
在某些实施方式中,本发明的一种或多种化合物可以彼此联合使用。也可选择将本发明的化合物与任何其它的活性试剂结合使用,用于制备调控细胞功能或治疗疾病的药物或药物组合物。如果使用的是一组化合物,则可将这些化合物同时、分别或有序地对受试对象进行给药。
本发明化合物的所有立体异构体,以及外消旋混合物也都是本发明的一部分。另外,也包括所有的几何异构体或位置异构体。
本发明研究表明,当药黄素具有明显的抗抑郁作用,可显著改善单胺递质系统功能,对抑郁症及其症状体征具有辅助性治疗作用,为临床治疗抑郁症提供了一种新的选择。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
本发明具体实施方式中使用的当药黄素结构式如下:
该化合物可通过购买市售产品得到,也可以通过现有方法进行提取纯化,还可以通过合成手段制得。
实施例1本发明片剂的制备
原料:当药黄素500mg,淀粉500g,乳糖300g,硬脂酸镁50g。
制备方法:将当药黄素、淀粉、乳糖混匀,常规方法制粒后,加入硬脂酸镁整粒,压片,共制成10000片,得到每片含当药黄素50μg的制剂。
实施例2本发明胶囊剂的制备
原料:当药黄素500mg,淀粉2000g。
制备方法:将当药黄素与淀粉混合均匀后,用胶囊剂装胶囊,共制成10000粒,得到每粒胶囊含当药黄素提取物50μg的制剂。
实施例3本发明片剂的制备
原料:当药黄素1000mg,淀粉500g,乳糖300g,硬脂酸镁50g。
制备方法:将当药黄素、淀粉、乳糖混匀,常规方法制粒后,加入硬脂酸镁整粒,压片,共制成10000片,得到每片含当药黄素100μg的制剂。
以下通过药效学试验证明本发明的有益效果。
试验例1当药黄素对小鼠自发活动的影响
实验动物:雄性昆明种小鼠40只,体重20±2g。
实验方法:利用小鼠自发活动仪检测给药后当药黄素对小鼠自发活动的影响。记录小鼠5分钟内自发活动的次数。
实验结果:通过对小鼠自发活动的观察,结果显示,小鼠给予不同剂量的当药黄素后(口服灌胃给药),自发活动没有显著性变化。说明当药黄素不具有神经兴奋作用。结果见表1。
表1当药黄素对小鼠自发活动的影响
结果表明,当药黄素对小鼠自发活动没有明显影响,可以确定其抗抑郁作用结果并非由其兴奋作用造成。
试验例2当药黄素对小鼠悬尾不动时间和强迫游泳不动时间的影响
实验动物:雄性昆明种小鼠40只,体重20±2g。
实验方法:参照Stern方法,给药14天,末次给药后1h,将小鼠尾用胶布粘在高于桌面5cm的木条上6min,记录后5min内小鼠静止不动的时间。
参照Porsolt方法,将经筛选小鼠给药(口服灌胃给药),给药7天,末次给药1h后置于盛水10cm左右(水温25℃)的有机玻璃缸中7min,记录后5min内,小鼠静止不动的时间。结果见表2.
表2当药黄素对小鼠悬尾不动时间和强迫游泳不动时间的影响
注:与正常对照组相比*P<0.05,**P<0.01
实验结果:小鼠给药后,悬尾不动时间和强迫游泳不动时间与空白对照组相比明显减少,并呈剂量依懒性关系。另外,其中400μg/kg组与空白对照组相比有显著性差异。说明当药黄素能够减少动物行为绝望模型的绝望时间。
试验例3当药黄素对注射利血平后小鼠体温的影响
实验动物:昆明种小鼠50只,雌雄各半,体重20±2g。
实验方法:参照Alpermann方法,测定基础体温并给药(口服灌胃给药)。给药14天,末次给药1h后,小鼠腹腔注射利血平2.5mg/kg,于注射后1h,2h,4h测定小鼠体温。计算体温下降值。
表3当药黄素对注射利血平后小鼠体温的影响
注:与正常对照组相比ΔP<0.05,ΔΔP<0.01,与模型组相比*P<0.05
实验结果:小鼠腹腔注射利血平后,体温逐渐下降。而给予不同剂量的当药黄素后,小鼠体温下降值与正常对照组比较,呈剂量依赖性的减少,并在200,400μg/kg剂量下雨正常对照组相比具有显著性差异。实验结果见表3。 说明当药黄素能拮抗利血平引起的单胺耗竭。
试验例4当药黄素对注射5-HTP后小鼠甩头反应的影响
实验动物:昆明种小鼠40只,雌雄各半,体重20±2g。
实验方法:参照Kitanura Y方法,给药14天(口服灌胃给药),末次给药1h后,小鼠静脉注射5-HTP80mg/kg。记录注射5-HTP10min内小鼠甩头的次数。
表4当药黄素对注射5-HTP后小鼠甩头反应的影响
注:与正常对照组相比*P<0.05,**P<0.01
实验结果:小鼠静脉注射5-HTP后,正常对照组在观察时间内出现了较为明显的甩头反应,但次数较少;而当药黄素给药组的小鼠甩头次数明显增加,与正常对照组比较有明显统计学差异,实验结果见表4。说明当药黄素具有增强5-HT递质系统的作用。
试验例5当药黄素对育亨宾毒性的影响
实验动物:雄性昆明种小鼠40只,体重20±2g。
实验方法:参照Quinton方法,给药14天(口服灌胃给药),末次给药1h后,小鼠皮下注射育亨宾30mg/kg,观察24h后小鼠的死亡率。
表5当药黄素对育亨宾毒性的影响
注:与正常对照组相比*P<0.05,**P<0.01
实验结果:注射育亨宾后,各组动物均出现毒性症状24h后,记录死亡动物数,结果显示当药黄素中剂量组、高剂量组小鼠死亡数量明显增加,与正常对照组相比有明显差异,结果见表5。说明当药黄素对去甲肾上腺素(NE)递质系统具有一定的增强作用。
试验例6当药黄素对大鼠色胺惊厥增强实验的影响
实验动物:SD大鼠40只,雌雄各半,体重200±20g。
实验方法:给药14天,末次给药1h后(口服灌胃给药),大鼠尾静脉 注射盐酸色胺5mg/kg,进针后开始计时,观察注射后5min内大鼠前肢是否出现拍打动作和弓背阵挛状态及阵挛出现的次数,并且根据其激烈程度进行评分,评分标准:未出现拍打动作:0分;间断性拍打动作:1分;持续性拍打动作,伴有弓背现象:2分;出现痉挛现象:3分。
表6当药黄素对大鼠色胺惊厥增强实验的影响
实验结果显示,注射盐酸色胺后,当药黄素各剂量组大鼠惊厥评分和阵挛次数与正常对照组相比没有明显的差异,表明当药黄素没有明显抑制单胺氧化酶活性的作用。
总结:
对当药黄素抗抑郁作用的实验研究发现,当药黄素无中枢神经兴奋性,但具有明显的抗抑郁活性,可明显缩短小鼠悬尾不动时间和强迫游泳不动时间。
利血平通过耗竭单胺递质而引起体温下降,当药黄素可拮抗该作用,提示其对单胺类递质系统有一定作用。进一步研究发现当药黄素可以增加5-HTP诱导的小鼠甩头,对育亨宾的毒性有一定的增强作用,说明当药黄素的抗抑郁活性可能与其抑制5-羟色胺重摄取、增强脑内神经递质5-HT神经功能,影响脑内去甲肾上腺素等单胺神经递质有关。当药黄素对大鼠色氨酸惊厥实验的影响结果显示,其对盐酸色胺的代谢的阻碍作用没有统计学意义,说明当药黄素的抗抑郁活性与抑制体内单胺氧化酶活性无关。
综上所述,当药黄素具有明显的抗抑郁作用,其抗抑郁作用可能与5-HT、NE有关。当药黄素在抗抑郁治疗方面具有理想的综合药理作用,既可治疗各种原因所致的抑郁症,也可发挥临床满意的辅助治疗作用。当药黄素可作为抗抑郁药物的潜在活性成分应用于抗抑郁药物的制备中,为临床治疗抑郁症提供了一种新选择。
Claims (12)
1.式I所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备抗抑郁的药物中的用途,
其中,R1~R3分别独立选自H或糖基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于:R1为H或糖基,R2、R3均为H。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用途,其特征在于:R1为糖基。
4.根据权利要求1~3任意一项所述的用途,其特征在于:所述糖基选自葡萄糖基、乳糖基、半乳糖基、麦芽糖基、鼠李糖基、阿拉伯糖基或木糖基。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用途,其特征在于:所述糖基选自葡萄糖基。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其特征在于:所述葡萄糖基为吡喃葡萄糖基。
7.根据权利要求1~6任意一项所述的用途,其特征在于:所述化合物结构式如下:
8.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于:R1~R3均为H。
9.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于:所述药学上可接受的盐为式I化合物与金属离子形成的盐。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用途,其特征在于:所述金属离子为钾、钠、镁、铁或锌离子。
11.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于:所述药物是改善单胺递质系统功能的药物。
12.根据权利要求11所述的用途,其特征在于:所述单胺递质系统为5-羟色胺递质系统或去甲肾上腺素递质系统。
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