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CN104011435A - 用于运行机动车中的手动变速器的方法 - Google Patents

用于运行机动车中的手动变速器的方法 Download PDF

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CN104011435A
CN104011435A CN201280062482.2A CN201280062482A CN104011435A CN 104011435 A CN104011435 A CN 104011435A CN 201280062482 A CN201280062482 A CN 201280062482A CN 104011435 A CN104011435 A CN 104011435A
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gear
manual transmission
motor vehicle
hang
motor
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M·布洛恩
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Audi AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/68Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0213Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/02Selector apparatus
    • F16H59/04Ratio selector apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H63/00Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/40Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism comprising signals other than signals for actuating the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/42Ratio indicator devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/14Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand
    • F16H59/18Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand dependent on the position of the accelerator pedal
    • F16H2059/186Coasting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/36Inputs being a function of speed
    • F16H2059/366Engine or motor speed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/68Inputs being a function of gearing status
    • F16H2059/6823Sensing neutral state of the transmission
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H2061/0015Transmission control for optimising fuel consumptions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0213Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
    • F16H2061/0218Calculation or estimation of the available ratio range, i.e. possible gear ratios, e.g. for prompting a driver with a display
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H63/00Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/40Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism comprising signals other than signals for actuating the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/42Ratio indicator devices
    • F16H2063/426Ratio indicator devices with means for advising the driver for proper shift action, e.g. prompting the driver with allowable selection range of ratios
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H59/00Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/68Inputs being a function of gearing status
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Mounting Of Devices That Control Transmission Of Motive Force (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车(1)中的手动变速器(3)的方法,其中在手动变速器(3)中没有挂挡并且识别出应当挂挡的机动车(1)行驶状态中,指示出应当在手动变速器(3)中挂入哪个挡位。

Description

用于运行机动车中的手动变速器的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车中的手动变速器的方法。
背景技术
由US5,017,916A已知一种用于机动车的换挡指示器,其在行驶模式、推进模式(prompt mode)和换挡模式下运行。在其中例如在操纵离合器时切换指示器的换挡模式中,指示器向驾驶员指示出待挂入的挡位。
WO2008/081220A1公开了一种用于机动车的挡位指示装置,其向驾驶员指示出待进行的换挡的数字和方向。
由DE10 2010 020 495A1公开了:为了保护机动车的制动器而在下坡行驶时挂入到变速器中的一个挡位。
由DD214 812A1公开了一种用于机动车中的换挡指示器的控制电路,其中根据发动机转速和声级发出升挡或降挡的推荐。
DD217 337A1公开了类似的现有技术,其中借助指示器向驾驶员指示出一推荐,根据该推荐驾驶员可以切换到更低或更高的挡位中。在操纵发动机制动器、倒挡行驶和在变速杆位置“空挡滑行”时断开该指示器。
由DE850 395C公开了另一种用于机动车的换挡指示器,其中在已挂入挡位并且离合器接合的情况下同样给出升挡或降挡推荐。这样便可以通过使发动机在特定的转速范围内运行来降低燃料消耗。
另外,DE32 37 517A1也描述了一种用于换挡的挡位指示器,其中,该指示器在一范围上展现出推荐的挡位,为挂入特定的挡位必须使变速杆运动的方向位于该范围中。
在上述的公开文献中描述的换挡指示器中,其部分以类似的形式应用在当前的机动车中,在挂入到空挡以及在驻车以及在行驶运行过程中,该换挡指示器熄灭。当驾驶员已经挂入到空挡时,其必须在加速愿望之前选择适当的变速器挡位,从而使发动机的转速与行驶速度相关地在恰当的范围内调整,从而不会使发动机由于变速器级过高而熄火或者使转速由于变速器级过低而不必要地上升。
发明内容
因此,本发明所要解决的技术问题是,创造一种用于运行机动车中的手动变速器的方法,这种手动变速器使机动车的驾驶员在行驶期间结束空挡阶段时容易挂入合适的挡位。
按照本发明,该技术问题通过权利要求1所述的特征解决。
按本发明的方法,在手动变速器中没有挂挡并且识别出应当挂挡的机动车行驶状态中,指示出应当在手动变速器中挂入哪个挡位,这使机动车的驾驶员在没有挂挡的一个阶段之后想再次挂挡时容易选择合适的挡位。通过指示合适的挡位,在从机动车空挡运行的阶段向加速阶段过渡时防止发动机熄火或者其转速过度上升。
加速愿望的一种非常简单的识别可以这样获得:在本发明的一种有利的扩展设计中,通过与手动变速器连接的离合器被操纵而识别出应当挂挡。因为驾驶员在对手动变速器进行挂挡时必须操纵与该手动变速器连接的离合器,所以这样可以简单地确定出何时存在对手动变速器中进行挂挡的意愿。
对于驾驶员来说,在这种情况下特别有利的是,在离合器被操纵时指示出在手动变速器中待挂入的挡位。
确定待挂入的挡位的一种简单的可能方式可以是,由机动车的速度确定出应当挂入哪个挡位。
如果优选额外或必要时备选地规定,由从机动车的速度得出的、在挂挡时预计的机动车的发动机转速确定出应当挂入哪个挡位,则可以非常精确地在空挡阶段或怠速阶段后滑行的机动车在手动变速器中应当挂入的相应合适的挡位。
为了向机动车驾驶员提供对待挂入挡位的选择施加影响的可能,还可以设计为,能对在挂挡时希望达到的发动机转速范围进行选择。
如果还设计为,在组合仪表的指示器中指示出待挂入的挡位,则驾驶员可以非常容易地看到在空挡阶段之后在手动变速器中要挂入的挡位。
为了在按本发明的方法中除了上述的优点之外还能节约燃料,所述的方法的一种有利的扩展设计还可以在于,在手动变速器中没有挂挡并且离合器没有被操纵的行驶状态中,使发动机停机。
此外可以设计为,在机动车下坡行驶时当在手动变速器中没有挂挡的行驶状态中制动器被操纵时,指示出应当挂挡。因此可以利用发动机的制动力矩以降低制动器磨损.
附图说明
以下根据附图原理性地描述本发明的实施例。
图中示出:
图1是用于实施按本发明的方法的机动车的非常示意的视图;以及
图2是图1所示的机动车的组合仪表。
具体实施方式
在图1中非常示意性地示出的机动车具有发动机2和与该发动机2连接的手动变速器3。术语“手动变速器3”指这样一种变速器:其中机动车1的驾驶员必须通过没有示出的变速杆手动地挂入到相应的挡位。手动变速器3的挡位数在此不重要。发动机2通过离合器4与手动变速器3连接。相应的驱动轴5从该手动变速器3延伸出,通过该驱动轴驱动机动车1的车轮6。在此不重要的是,车轮6是机动车1的前轮还是后轮。因为发动机2、手动变速器3和离合器4的功能及其相互作用本身是已知的,所以在此不再赘述。
此外,在机动车1中设置有控制装置7,其可以与发动机2、手动变速器3和/或离合器4连接。此外,控制装置7与组合仪表8连接,该组合仪表位于机动车1内部的未示出的驾驶员的视线范围内。
如本身已知的那样,在机动车常规运行时,其中发动机2驱动车轮6,在手动变速器3中挂入一个挡位。在特定的行驶状态下可能有意义的是,在手动变速器3中没有挂挡并且机动车1能以空挡运行或滑行,例如当不必使用发动机2的制动作用时在下坡行驶的情况下或者在滑行到信号灯或机动车1在其附进必须停止的其它位置的情况下是这样。当然还有许多其它原因使机动车在如下行驶状态下运动:其中手动变速器3没有挂挡并且手动变速器因此空挡运行。
按照用于运行手动变速器的方法,在这些在手动变速器3中没有挂挡的行驶状态中规定,当发现在手动变速器3中挂入了或者应当挂入一挡位时指示出在手动变速器3中应当挂入哪个挡位。表述“应当挂入”在此表明推荐,而机动车1的驾驶员可以自由地挂入到其它的、与向其推荐显示的如后面描述的挡位不同的挡位。优选以如下方式识别出计划的挡位挂入:识别出对离合器4的操纵。为此可以采用未示出的传感器,其可以位于离合器4的区域内。如果发现离合器4被操纵,则可以指示出在手动变速器3中要挂入的挡位。
通过选择合适的挡位确保,在松开离合器之后、也就是在发动机2与手动变速器3力传递地连接时发动机2转速处于如下范围中:在该范围内既不会使发动机2熄火、也不会使其转速不必要地升高。然而也可能的是,例如在下坡行驶时也希望发动机2的转速提高以便形成提高的制动力矩。要达到的发动机2转速的大小当然也与发动机类型相关,例如该该发动机是按狄赛尔(Diesel)原理还是奥图(Otto)原理工作。
为了确定在空挡阶段之后应当在手动变速器3中挂入的最合适的挡位,可以评估机动车1的速度和/或在挂挡之后预计的发动机2转速。尤其优选的是,使用机动车1的速度并且使用由机动车1的速度获得的、发动机2的预计转速作为确定待挂入的挡位的参数。可以在控制装置7中进行相应的计算,在该控制装置中可以存储相应的综合特性曲线、计算模型等。额外的,在此也可以考虑通过未示出的机动车1加速踏板识别出的力矩愿望。
在此,必要时也可以规定:通过由驾驶员选择出在空挡阶段之后在手动变速器3中挂挡时应达到的转速范围,而由驾驶员主动地影响待选择的挡位。例如可以在机动车1的相应的操纵系统中存储施加影响的可能性,例如存储在申请人的汽车中称为MMI的系统中。必要时也可以设计为,当在操纵系统中选择经济模式、常规模式、运动模式或类似的其它模式时自动选择出转速范围。
在图2中放大示出了图1所示的组合仪表8,并且可以看出,组合仪表8具有指示器9,在该指示器中可以指示出待挂入的挡位。在当前的情况下,在此在指示器9的左边区域示出一个“N”,表示当前在手动变速器3中挂入的空挡或者说在手动变速器中没有挂挡的事实。向右的箭头指示要挂的挡位,在当前的情况下是第二挡。为此可以使用组合仪表8内现有的指示器,其与现有的换挡指示器并行地用于按本发明的方法。当然也可以考虑用于在指示器9中指示待挂入的挡位的其它可能性。例如也可以通过指示器9中的空白区域表示没有挂挡的事实。
附加于上述方法可以规定:在空挡、也就是在手动变速器3中没有挂挡并且离合器4没有被操纵时,使发动机2停机。在这种情况下,在操纵离合器4时启动发动机2。此外,在此如上所述地指示待挂入的挡位。所述的方法也可以与发动机2工作或停机无关地运行。
必要时也可以在下坡行驶中当在手动变速器3中没有挂挡并且必要时当作用在车轮6上的制动器被操纵时指示出:应该挂挡以便利用发动机2的制动力矩。在这种情况下,无须操纵离合器4便触发应当挂挡的指示。在机动车1下坡行驶时的这种类型的运行可以与发动机2是否运行无关。此外,在这种情况下也可以指示出推荐应当挂入哪个挡位。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于运行机动车(1)中的手动变速器(3)的方法,其中,在手动变速器(3)中没有挂挡并且识别出应当挂挡的机动车(1)行驶状态中,指示出应当在手动变速器(3)中挂入哪个挡位。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,通过与手动变速器(3)连接的离合器(4)被操纵而识别出应当挂挡。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,在离合器(4)被操纵时指示出在手动变速器(3)中待挂入的挡位。
4.根据权利要求1,2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,由机动车(1)速度确定出:应当挂入哪个挡位。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,由从机动车(1)速度得出的、在挂挡时预计的机动车(1)的发动机(2)转速确定出:应当挂入哪个挡位。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,能对在挂挡时应当达到的发动机(2)转速范围作出选择。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在组合仪表(8)的指示器(9)中指示出待挂入的挡位。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在手动变速器(3)中没有挂挡并且离合器(4)没有被操纵的行驶状态中,使发动机(2)停机。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在机动车(1)下坡行驶时当在手动变速器(3)中没有挂挡的行驶状态中制动器被操纵时,指示出应当挂挡。
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