CN103960540A - Cattle feed additive and application method thereof - Google Patents
Cattle feed additive and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103960540A CN103960540A CN201410208462.2A CN201410208462A CN103960540A CN 103960540 A CN103960540 A CN 103960540A CN 201410208462 A CN201410208462 A CN 201410208462A CN 103960540 A CN103960540 A CN 103960540A
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- acid
- daily ration
- weight portions
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- malic acid
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 title abstract 4
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 24
- 210000004767 rumen Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 23
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 12
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- JBYXPOFIGCOSSB-GOJKSUSPSA-N 9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O JBYXPOFIGCOSSB-GOJKSUSPSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229940108924 conjugated linoleic acid Drugs 0.000 abstract 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N elaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 3
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- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CFWRDBDJAOHXSH-SECBINFHSA-N 2-azaniumylethyl [(2r)-2,3-diacetyloxypropyl] phosphate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC[C@@H](OC(C)=O)COP(O)(=O)OCCN CFWRDBDJAOHXSH-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
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- VZCCETWTMQHEPK-QNEBEIHSSA-N gamma-linolenic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC(O)=O VZCCETWTMQHEPK-QNEBEIHSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002733 gamolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JEJBBWQXAMSBQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanedioic acid;propanoic acid Chemical compound CCC(O)=O.OC(=O)CCC(O)=O JEJBBWQXAMSBQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a cattle feed additive and an application method thereof, particularly a nutrition regulation method for increasing the concentration of propionic acid in Yanbian cattle rumen and the content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and an endogenous synthesized precursor thereof---trans-oleic acid (trans-11C18:1) by adding linseed oil and malic acid into daily ration. Through a daily ration nutrition technique, the PH value and the propionic acid concentration of the Yanbian cattle rumen are increased to a certain extent, the internal environment of the rumen is improved, and the propionic acid and the trans-oleic acid in rumen liquid are increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ox feed additive and using method thereof, particularly, in daily ration, add siritch and malic acid and improve the nutrition regulation method that prolongs limit ox cud propionic acid concentration and CLA (CLA) and endogenous synthetic precursor-antiform oleic acid (trans-11C18:1) content thereof.By diet nutrient technology, prolong limit ox cud PH, propionic acid concentration increases to some extent, has improved Rumen Internal Environment, has increased CLA and antiform oleic acid in rumen fluid.Belong to the metabolic regulation application to diet nutrient element.
Background technology
Along with the pursuit of people to health food, functional grease also more and more becomes the focus of domestic and international research.Functional grease is the grease with special physiological function, more noticeable polyunsaturated fatty acid mainly contains linoleic acid, gamma-Linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA (DHA), and some phosphatide are as lecithin, cephalin etc.Wherein, linoleic acid is essential fatty acid; Gamma-Linolenic acid has the specific function that reduces cholesterol; EPA and DHA can reduce platelet aggregation, reduce blood fat, prevention coronary heart disease; DHA also has memory, the judgment of raising, prevents the effects such as brain aging, and has cancer resistant effect; Cephalin and lecithin are lipids, and the eubolism in biomembranous biologically active and body is had to important regulatory function.Along with people are to the bioactive research of lipid, natural novel fatty acid-CLA has special biologically active because of it, as antitumaous effect, atherosclerosis, raising immunity function, inhibition fat deposition etc., thereby indirect supply human needs, the general level of the health that improves the mankind, has great value.Ruminant derived food is that the mankind take in the unique channel of CLA by wholefood.Therefore improving conjugated fatty acid content in ruminant body breast, meat becomes the focus of current nutrition educational circles research.
In ruminant animal fat, the source of CLA mainly contains two kinds: a kind of intermediate product of the unrighted acids such as linoleic acid in ruminal hydrogenation process that derive from; Another kind is the intermediate product trans-11C18:1 of the unrighted acids such as linoleic acid plus linolenic acid at microorganism hydrogenation process, and under the effect by △ 9 desaturases in ruminant soma, further desaturation forms.We find, CLA can, by Δ 9 dehydrogenases in body, be transformed by trans-11C18:1, and by milk cow abomasum fistula perfusion trans-11C18:1, result makes the CLA of milk cow improve 31%.Visible CLA is mainly synthetic via trans-11C18:1.CLA content depends on linoleic acid and linolenic acid content height in daily ration, the vigor of △ 9 desaturases in the output of CLA and trans-11C18:1 and tissue in cud.
Malic acid is the intermediate product of ruminal metabolism butanedioic acid-propionic acid approach, and in vitro test research shows, malic acid has the effect of similar ion carrier antibiotic, can improve lumen fermentation type.Malic acid can stimulate the utilization of lactic acid, increases ruminal pH value and the output of general volatile aliphatic acid and the output of propionic acid.The present invention makes an addition to siritch and malic acid in daily ration with varying level, and what impact research siritch and malic acid have to prolonging limit ox lumen fermentation, for development functionality high quality beef provides theoretical foundation.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method of the adequate diet that adds siritch and malic acid.Can improve by this method the propionic acid concentration of prolonging in the ox cud of limit, make the content of CLA and trans-11C18:1 increase, and improve to a certain extent Rumen Internal Environment, for development functionality high quality beef provides theoretical foundation.
The invention provides a kind of ox feed additive, it is characterized in that, with respect to the daily ration of 100 weight portions, the siritch that contains 2～5 weight portions.
Ox feed additive of the present invention, is characterized in that, with respect to the daily ration of 100 weight portions, also contains the malic acid of 1.6～4.8 weight portions.
The present invention also provides a kind of using method of ox feed additive, it is characterized in that, with respect to the daily ration of 100 weight portions, adds the siritch of 2～5 weight portions.
The using method of ox feed additive of the present invention, is characterized in that, with respect to the daily ration of 100 weight portions, also adds the malic acid of 1.6～4.8 weight portions.
The present invention provides again a kind of ox feed, it is characterized in that, and with respect to the daily ration of 100 weight portions, the siritch that contains 2～5 weight portions.
Ox feed of the present invention, is characterized in that, with respect to the daily ration of 100 weight portions, also contains the malic acid of 1.6～4.8 weight portions.
Ox feed of the present invention, is characterized in that, described daily ration comprises concentrate supplement, corn silage and hay.
Ox feed of the present invention, is characterized in that, in described daily ration, under dry matter basis, fine fodder is 60:40 or other ratio with the ratio of coarse fodder.
Ox feed of the present invention, is characterized in that, is applicable to prolong limit ox.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: by ruminant, particularly use nutrition regulation method of the present invention and forage compounding to prolonging limit ox, can effectively improve the propionic acid concentration of prolonging in the ox cud of limit, CLA and endogenous synthetic precursor trans-11C18:1 thereof are improved, and improve to a certain extent Rumen Internal Environment, be conducive to improve and prolong limit ox production performance.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under the prerequisite of not making creative work, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
It should be noted that, in this article, term " comprises ", " comprising " or its any other variant are intended to contain comprising of nonexcludability, thereby the process, method, article or the equipment that make to comprise a series of key elements not only comprise those key elements, but also comprise other key elements of clearly not listing, or be also included as the intrinsic key element of this process, method, article or equipment.
In order to realize above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is to add siritch and malic acid prolonging in the original feed of limit ox.
The present invention is feeds utilized to be made up of with siritch and malic acid basal diet, and daily ration essence is thick than being 60:40.Basal diet scale of feeding is made up of concentrate supplement, corn silage, hay, and its formula and trophic level are in table 1 and table 2:
Table 1 daily ration fine fodder composition and trophic level
Note: above every dry matter basis (%) that is
Table 2 daily ration coarse fodder composition and trophic level
Note: above every dry matter basis (%) that is
Embodiment 1
1. produce the screening with ox:
Kind: prolong limit ox
2. feeding environment:
Feed at twice every day (7:30 and 16:30), freely drink water, conventional illumination.Before feeding, fine fodder is mixed with coarse fodder.After feeding, cleaning cowshed, keeps cowshed dry cleansing, ensures that ox has clean, clean drinking-water environment at every turn.
3. feeding process:
Under dry matter basis, daily ration essence is thick than being 60:40.Basal diet scale of feeding is made up of concentrate supplement, corn silage, hay.In daily ration, add respectively malic acid 80g/d, 160g/d and 240g/d (dry matter basis).
Embodiment 2
1. produce the screening with ox:
Kind: prolong limit ox
2. feeding environment:
Feed at twice every day (7:30 and 16:30), freely drink water, conventional illumination.Before feeding, fine fodder is mixed with coarse fodder.After feeding, cleaning cowshed, keeps cowshed dry cleansing, ensures that ox has clean, clean drinking-water environment at every turn.
3. feeding process:
Under dry matter basis, daily ration essence is thick than being 60:40.Basal diet scale of feeding is made up of concentrate supplement, corn silage, hay, and its formula and trophic level are in table 1 and table 2.Add siritch 475g/d (dry matter basis).
Embodiment 3
1. produce the screening with ox:
Kind: prolong limit ox
2. feeding environment:
Feed at twice every day (7:30 and 16:30), freely drink water, conventional illumination.Before feeding, fine fodder is mixed with coarse fodder.After feeding, cleaning cowshed, keeps cowshed dry cleansing, ensures that ox has clean, clean drinking-water environment at every turn.
3. feeding process:
Under dry matter basis, daily ration essence is thick than being 60:40.Basal diet scale of feeding is made up of concentrate supplement, corn silage, hay, and its formula and trophic level are in table 1 and table 2.Add malic acid 160g/d+ siritch 475g/d (dry matter basis).
Comparative example 1
1. produce the screening with ox:
Kind: prolong limit ox
2. feeding environment:
Feed at twice every day (7:30 and 16:30), freely drink water, conventional illumination.Before feeding, fine fodder is mixed with coarse fodder.After feeding, cleaning cowshed, keeps cowshed dry cleansing, ensures that ox has clean, clean drinking-water environment at every turn.
3. feeding process:
Under dry matter basis, daily ration essence is thick than being 60:40.Basal diet scale of feeding is made up of concentrate supplement, corn silage, hay, and its formula and trophic level are in table 1 and table 2.
Test example 1: daily ration adds the impact that tsaoko acid changes prolonging limit ox cud VFA
Table 3 adds malic acid and the impact of siritch on the variation of rumen fluid ph value
Test example 2: daily ration adds malic acid and the impact of siritch on the variation of rumen fluid ph value
The variation of rumen ph is from table 4, and the each group of rumen ph variation tendency after feeding is similar.Embodiment 1,2 pH value compared with comparative example 1 trend that is improved, after feeding, 9h improves significantly.Each group PH mean value is respectively: 6.70 (embodiment 2), 6.78 (embodiment 3), 6.52 (comparative examples 1), wherein comparative example 1 is minimum.Excursion is between 6.40～6.88.
Table 4 adds malic acid and the impact of siritch on the variation of rumen fluid ph value
Note: the different significant differences (P < 0.05) that represent of colleague's data shoulder mark lowercase
Test example 3: daily ration adds malic acid and the impact of siritch on NH3-N concentration in rumen fluid
The variation of cud NH3-N is from table 5, and the each group of cud NH3-N variation tendency after feeding is similar, but comparative example 1 and embodiment 2 amplitudes are larger.After feeding, NH3-N concentration all declines gradually, reaches minimum at 3h～6h, then raises gradually and approaches the level before feeding.Each embodiment 2 and 3 and comparative example 1 relatively, embodiment 3 significantly reduces at 1h.Excursion is between 7.61～20.87mg/100ml.
Table 5 adds malic acid and the impact (unit: mg/100ml) of siritch on NH3-N concentration in rumen fluid
Note: the different significant differences (P < 0.05) that represent of colleague's data shoulder mark lowercase
Test example 4: daily ration adds malic acid and the impact of siritch on VFA variation in rumen fluid
The variation of cud VFA concentration is from table 5, general volatile aliphatic acid (TVFA) change in concentration scope is between 60.40～78.77mmol/L, each group variation tendency is all consistent, and all after feeding, 3h reaches maximum, then reduces gradually and approaches the level before feeding.
The variation of acetic acid concentration, respectively organizes variation tendency similar, except embodiment 1 is that after feeding, 6h reaches peak, other groups all after feeding 3h reach maximum, then all reduce gradually and approach the level before feeding.Embodiment 2, embodiment 3 compares with comparative example 1, and embodiment 2 is at 1h, 3h, 6h significant difference, the variation of propionic acid concentration, the variation tendency of each group concentration is consistent with the variation tendency of general volatile aliphatic acid, all reaches maximum at 3h, then reduces gradually and approaches the level before feeding.Each time point, the concentration of embodiment 2 is the highest, and comparative example 1 is minimum.When 3h, each test group is compared all remarkable (P < 0.05) of difference in comparative example 1.
The variation of butyric acid density, the variation tendency of respectively organizing concentration is consistent with the variation tendency of general volatile aliphatic acid, and the concentration of each time point control group is the highest.When 9h, embodiment 2 is significantly lower than comparative example 1 and embodiment 2 (P < 0.05).
The variation of acetic acid/propionic acid, respectively organizes variation tendency similar, reaches maximum equally at 6h, declines gradually afterwards.Embodiment 2, embodiment 3 is significant difference (P < 0.05) compared with comparative example 1.
The variation (mmol/L) of volatile fatty acid in table 6 rumen fluid (VFA) concentration
The variation of rumen ph, from table 4, is respectively organized pH and after raising morning, is started to decline, and 3h reaches minimum, then gos up gradually, and excursion is between 6.40～6.88.The desirable acidity of cud is 6.4-6.8, is neutral to faintly acid.Adding on the basis of siritch, then adding malic acid, that rumen fluid ph value is raise is more obvious.In the present invention, the pH of each time point, each group all, within normal range (NR), illustrates the pH scope that does not affect the normal fermentation of cud.
In the present invention, NH3-N change in concentration scope is 7.61～20.87mg/100ml.In the present invention between each group of NH3-N concentration except embodiment 1 when the 1h, each time point difference is all not remarkable.The ammonia nitrogen concentration of embodiment 1 is each time point fall maximum after feeding.Utilize the ability of its synthesising thalli protein because NH3-N concentration depends on protein degradation speed and microorganism in feed, illustrate that the embodiment 3 that embodiment 2 compares common interpolation aliphatic acid and malic acid for the synthesis of the ability of microprotein is relatively strong.In daily ration, add malic acid and can reduce cud NH3-N concentration.The amplitude of comparing decline when the present invention adds aliphatic acid at the same time with malic acid with other groups is larger, and this may be that the impact of the two generation is consistent.
This experiment is in the time of common interpolation aliphatic acid and malic acid, and in rumen fluid, except propionic acid increases to some extent, other VFA all reduces, and second/the third ratio significantly reduces (P < 0.05).
Test example 5: daily ration adds siritch and the impact of malic acid on rumen fluid aliphatic acid composition
From table 7, t11C18:1, c9, t11-CLA and t10, the content of c12-CLA is the highest in the time of 1h.C9-C18:1, the c9 of embodiment 2 and embodiment 3, t11-CLA, t10, c12-CLA group content of fatty acid is all higher than comparative example 1.
The variation of content of fatty acid (mg/50ml) in table 7 rumen fluid
Table9Contents(mg/50ml)of C18-fatty acids in rumen fluid
Note: the different significant differences (P < 0.05) that represent of colleague's data shoulder mark lowercase
In daily ration, add siritch and malic acid to prolonging limit ox cud PH, propionic acid concentration has the trend increasing, but acetic acid, butyric acid and TVFA is had to the trend of reduction, and that adds is obvious especially simultaneously.And cud NH3-N concentration is not made significant difference.In sum, in diet, add the lumen fermentation that siritch and malic acid are conducive to prolong limit ox, and additive effect is better simultaneously.
Claims (9)
1. an ox feed additive, is characterized in that, with respect to the daily ration of 100 weight portions, and the siritch that contains 2～5 weight portions.
2. ox feed additive according to claim 1, is characterized in that, with respect to the daily ration of 100 weight portions, also contains the malic acid of 1.6～4.8 weight portions.
3. a using method for ox feed additive, is characterized in that, with respect to the daily ration of 100 weight portions, adds the siritch of 2～5 weight portions.
4. the using method of ox feed additive according to claim 3, is characterized in that, with respect to the daily ration of 100 weight portions, also adds the malic acid of 1.6～4.8 weight portions.
5. an ox feed, is characterized in that, with respect to the daily ration of 100 weight portions, and the siritch that contains 2～5 weight portions.
6. ox feed according to claim 5, is characterized in that, with respect to the daily ration of 100 weight portions, also contains the malic acid of 1.6～4.8 weight portions.
7. according to the ox feed described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterized in that, described daily ration comprises concentrate supplement, corn silage and hay.
8. ox feed according to claim 7, is characterized in that, in described daily ration, under dry matter basis, fine fodder is 60:40 or other ratio with the ratio of coarse fodder.
9. according to the ox feed described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterized in that, be applicable to prolong limit ox.
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