CN102550865B - Nutritional regulation and control method for increasing butter-fat content and conjugated fatty acid content of goat milk - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a nutritional regulation and control method for increasing the milk fat rate and conjugated fatty acid content of goat milk. Safflower oil is added to the original basic diet of dairy goats (safflower oil is obtained by selecting safflower seeds as raw materials and processed and refined. fat oil) or flax oil (flax oil is also called linseed oil, which is a fat oil cold-pressed from the flax seeds of the cucurbit plant); the weight parts of the basic diet and safflower oil or flax oil used are: basic diet 20, Flower oil 1 or linseed oil 1, the basic diet includes: corn 15%, barley 26%, wheat bran 16%, soybean meal 3%, corn gluten meal 7%, alfalfa 30%, limestone 1.5%, salt 0.5%, compound premix 1%. Through this method, the milk yield can be increased, the fatty acid configuration in the milk can be changed, and the content of CLA and CLnA in the milk can be significantly increased.

Description

Nutritional control method for increasing goat milk fat percentage and conjugated fatty acid content

technical field

The invention relates to a method of adding vegetable oil to the diet to increase the milk production and milk fat rate of goats, and to increase the content of conjugated linoleic acid conjugated linoleic acid (hereinafter referred to as CLA) and conjugated linolenic acid (hereinafter referred to as CLnA) in goat milk methods of nutritional regulation. Through dietary nutrition technology, affecting the mRNA abundance of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), lipase (LPL) and stearoyl-CoA carboxylase acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) mRNA abundance, changes Decreased milk fat and fatty acid configuration, increased mammary gland fat synthase activity. The invention belongs to the application field of metabolic regulation of dietary nutrients and regulation of gene expression of key tissue enzymes through nutrients. the

Background technique

With the continuous improvement of human living standards, dietary structure is also changing, followed by various cancers, atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity and other diseases have also begun to plague human beings. Studies in recent years have also shown that fatty acids are closely related to health. If humans eat too much saturated fatty acids, it is easy to cause various diseases such as coronary heart disease and low immunity. Therefore, diet and health issues have attracted more and more attention. Milk and dairy products are important dietary sources of nutrition, providing energy, high protein, various vitamins and minerals for humans. Because goat's milk has smaller globules of milk fat, it is more easily absorbed than cow's milk. For those who are allergic or sensitive to cow's milk, goat's milk is a great alternative. Dietary fat regulation can improve the nutritional quality of goat milk, and can actually change the fatty acid composition to benefit human health. It has been confirmed abroad that feeding dairy goats with diets rich in vegetable oils such as linoleic acid (C _18:2 , LA) and linolenic acid (C _18:3 , ALA) can effectively increase the CLA content in goat milk.

Currently, CLA has been shown to be an antimutagenic and effective anticancer agent in cell culture and animal models. CLA also has effects on the immune system and atherosclerosis, as well as bone health. Among the many isomers of CLA, the most concerned ones are cis9, trans1 1-CLA and trans10, cis12-CLA. The CLA in ruminant milk fat, on the one hand, comes from _the intermediate product of LA and ALA in the biohydrogenation of rumen microorganisms; _:1 ) produced under the action of SCD. On the other hand, the biohydrogenation of ALA increased the accumulation of fatty acid intermediate metabolites in the rumen and tissues of ruminants. Conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) is an intermediate product in the biohydrogenation of ALA produced by rumen microorganisms. Destaillats determined the chemical structure of this intermediate and preliminarily identified C9, t11, c15-8:3 as a common intermediate in the first step of ALA biohydrogenation induced by Δ12-cis, Δ11-trans isomerase in the rumen product. Some studies on conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) have shown that CLnA has more ideal anti-cancer and growth-promoting effects than CLA, and biological characteristics such as reducing body fat and enhancing immune function. Ruminant-derived foods (meat, milk and their products) are the only channels for humans to ingest CLA and CLnA through natural food, so increasing the content of CLA and CLnA in ruminant-derived foods to improve the quality of animal products is very important for human health significance.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a nutritional control method for increasing the milk fat percentage and conjugated fatty acid content of goat milk. the

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

A nutritional control method for increasing milk fat percentage and conjugated fatty acid content of goat milk, which is characterized in that safflower oil is added to the original basic diet of dairy goats (safflower oil is made from safflower seeds, processed and refined) Fat oil) (hereinafter referred to as SO) or flax oil (flax oil is also called linseed oil, which is the fat oil cold pressed from the flax seeds of the cucurbitaceae plant) (hereinafter referred to as LO); the basic diet and safflower oil or flax oil used The parts by weight are: 20 basal rations, 1 safflower oil or 1 linseed oil, and the basal rations include: 15% corn, 26% barley, 16% wheat bran, 3% soybean meal, 7% corn gluten meal, Alfalfa 30%, limestone 1.5%, salt 0.5%, compound premix 1%. the

Above-mentioned safflower oil or linseed oil and the ration ratio of other basal rations are all percentages by weight based on dry matter. the

Beneficial effects of the present invention: by using the nutritional control method and feed ratio of the present invention on dairy goats, the milk fat percentage and CLA and CLnA contents in goat milk can be effectively improved, and the feed intake and milk production of goats can be improved. No adverse effects. Not only can increase the flavor of goat milk, but also CLA and CLnA have anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-atherosclerosis, improve immunity, increase bone density, prevent and treat diabetes and other important physiological functions, greatly improving the nutritional level of goat milk. Methods of adding LA-enriched safflower oil and ALA-enriched flax oil to complete diets. By this method, the milk yield can be increased, the configuration of fatty acids in milk and blood plasma can be changed, and the content of CLA and CLnA in milk can be significantly increased. the

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. the

Example 1

1. Screening of dairy goats for production:

Breed: Saanen dairy goat. the

Lactation stage: 21 days postpartum. the

Body weight: 65±5kg. the

2. Breeding environment:

1) Drinking water: Sufficient and clean drinking water is provided in the house, and the water temperature is controlled at 21-27°C. Drinking water is free. the

2) Feeding method: Feed 1.35kg (based on dry matter) twice a day in the morning and evening (8:00 and 18:00), first rough and then fine. the

3. Feeding process:

On a dry matter basis, the basal ration consisted of the following ingredients by weight: corn 15%, barley 26%, wheat bran 16%, soybean meal 3%, corn gluten meal 7%, alfalfa 30%, limestone 1.5%, salt 0.5% %, compound premix 1%. the

Example 2

1. Screening of dairy goats for production:

Breed: Saanen dairy goat. the

Lactation stage: 21 days postpartum. the

Body weight: 65±5kg. the

2. Breeding environment:

1) Drinking water: Sufficient and clean drinking water is provided in the house, and the water temperature is controlled at 21-27°C. Drinking water is free. the

2) Feeding method: Feed 1.35kg (based on dry matter) twice a day in the morning and evening (8:00 and 18:00), first rough and then fine. the

3. Feeding process:

On a dry matter basis, the basal ration and safflower oil weight fractions are 20 basal rations, 1 safflower oil, and the basal ration includes the following raw materials in weight percentages: 15% corn, 26% barley, 16% wheat bran, soybean Flour 3%, Corn Gluten Meal 7%, Alfalfa 30%, Limestone 1.5%, Salt 0.5%, Premix 1%. the

Example 3

1. Screening of dairy goats for production:

Breed: Saanen dairy goat. the

Lactation stage: 21 days postpartum. the

Body weight: 65±5kg. the

2. Breeding environment:

1) Drinking water: Sufficient and clean drinking water is provided in the house, and the water temperature is controlled at 21-27°C. Drinking water is free. the

2) Feeding method: Feed 1.35kg (based on dry matter) twice a day in the morning and evening (8:00 and 18:00), first rough and then fine. the

3. Feeding process:

Under the dry matter basis, its basal ration and flax oil weight fraction are basal ration 20, flax oil 1, basal ration comprises the raw material of following weight percentage: corn 15%, barley 26%, wheat bran 16%, soybean powder 3%, Corn Gluten Meal 7%, Alfalfa 30%, Limestone 1.5%, Salt 0.5%, Premix 1%. the

After the goats are fed with the method of the present invention, there are significant differences in the milk fat percentage and fatty acid composition of the goats, as shown in Table 1 and Table 2. the

Feed intake, milk production and feed efficiency were not affected by dietary treatments (Table 1). Similarly, vegetable oil supplementation did not alter milk production and the protein and lactose content of milk. However, supplementation of SO (Example 2) and LO (Example 3) at TMR resulted in increased milk production and milk fat content compared to CON (Example 1). the

Table 1 Effects of supplementary feeding of safflower oil and linseed oil on performance of lactating goats

Vegetable oil supplementation reduced C _8:0 , C _10:0 , C _12:0 , C _14:0 , C _16:0 and C _17:0 in goat milk compared to basal TMR (Table 2). TMR supplemented with vegetable oil increased C _18:0 , cis-9C _18:1 , VA and cis-9, trans-11CLA compared with CON. Milk of goats fed SO-TMR contained a higher proportion of Cis-9, trans11CLA than goats fed LO-TMR. However, the proportion of ALA and CLnA (cis-9, trans-11, cis-15CLnA and cis-9, trans-13, cis-15CLnA) in goat milk fed with LO-TMR was higher than that fed with SO-TMR . The addition of oil to TMR increased the total number of USFA in milk fat, increased the total unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) content, and decreased the proportion of saturated fatty acid (SFA). At the same time, a reduction in the C _14:0 and C _16:0 content represents an improved fatty acid profile in milk for human health.

Table 2 Effects of supplementary feeding of safflower oil and linseed oil on fatty acids (g/100g) in milk fat of lactating goats

In summary, supplementing appropriate amount of SO and LO (5%, DM) in TMR diet of goats is an effective method to improve milk fat and fatty acid types. This approach works primarily by increasing potentially healthy fatty acids without compromising dietary feed intake and milk production. Increasing goat milk fat occurred simultaneously with increasing the ratio of CLA and CLnA in milk, which was related to the expression of SCD gene. While dietary regulation affects the concentration of CLA and CLA in milk fat, the expression of key fat metabolism enzymes in breast tissue is also affected, especially in tissues that are closely related to the production of CLA and CLA The expression of the enzyme - Δ9-fatty acid desaturase (SCDase) was significantly affected. It is confirmed that SCD enzyme not only plays a key role in the synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in ruminant mammary gland tissue, but also plays a very key role in the process of synthesizing conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA). the

By using the nutritional control method and the feed ratio of the present invention for dairy goats, the milk fat percentage and CLA and CLnA contents in goat milk can be effectively improved, and the feed intake and milk production of goats are not adversely affected. This can not only increase the flavor of goat milk, but also because CLA and CLnA have various important biological functions such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-atherosclerosis, improving immunity, increasing bone density and preventing and treating diabetes, so that the nutritional level of goat milk and its functionality has been further improved. the

It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or changes based on the above description, and all these improvements and changes should belong to the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention. the

Claims (1)

1. a nutrition regulation method that improves Goat Milk butterfat percnetage and conjugation content of fatty acid, is characterized in that, adds safflower oil or siritch in the original basal diet of milch goat; The weight portion of basal diet used and safflower oil or siritch is: basal diet 20, safflower oil 1 or siritch 1, basal diet comprises according to weight percent meter: corn 15%, barley 26%, wheat bran 16%, soy meal 3%, corn protein powder 7%, alfalfa 30%, lime stone 1.5%, salt 0.5%, compound premix 1%.