CN103936488B - A kind of forest harvesting residue seedling medium being suitable for fast-growing woods nursery and preparation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a substrate for growing seedlings of forest felling residues, including fermented forest harvested residues and special compound fertilizers. The fermented forest harvested residues are forest harvested residues, pig and/or cow dung, and water. Fermentation product, the special compound fertilizer is formulated according to the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements required by different seedlings. The seedling-raising matrix of the present invention is suitable for seedling growth, and can meet the nutritional requirements of fast-growing tree seedling raising in forestry commercial forests; fully utilizes the waste resources of forest felling, reduces the environmental pollution caused by burning mountains when new forests are planted in felling sites, and is beneficial to reduce Carbon friendly.

Description

A kind of forest harvesting residue seedling cultivation substrate suitable for fast-growing forest seedling cultivation and its preparation method

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of seedling raising in agriculture and forestry, and in particular relates to a seedling raising substrate suitable for raising seedlings of fast-growing forest tree seeds and a preparation method.

Background technique

In the 1960s, the composite matrix developed by Cornell University in the United States and the VC culture soil of the University of California used rock wool as the seedling substrate. Cornell University also started the use of vermiculite and peat on the seedling substrate. Municipal waste and river sludge have been used as seedling substrates for seedling cultivation, and the results are ideal. In the 1970s, Pausejovi excavated the use of peat (peat) in soilless cultivation, but in subsequent studies, it was shown that the cultivation effect of peat (peat) as a single substrate is not as good as that of mixed substrates. For example, in the United States, a mixture of 1:1 or 2:1 fine peat and vermiculite is commonly used as a substrate, and the seedling substrate formula of peat: vermiculite 2:1 is also widely used. Japan has also invented a kind of special-purpose nursery pot block, and the material of pot block can be rock wool, peat, coconut shell fermentation product etc. The seeds can be sown directly into the pot, covered with substrate and sprayed with water. By the late 1980s, the international level of soilless cultivation technology had been quite strong.

Since the 1980s, domestic scholars have conducted research on the culture substrates of container seedlings of different tree species. Cinder and sand are the earliest soilless cultivation substrates in China. At present, the raw materials that are often used to configure the substrate are mainly organic materials, such as peat, decomposed straw, carbonized rice bran, organic fertilizer, mushroom residue, etc., supplemented by some inorganic materials, such as vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, Slag ash, fine sand, etc. These substrates have different physiological and biochemical properties and each has advantages and disadvantages. Peat is recognized as a good substrate for container seedlings at home and abroad, and has achieved good experimental results in flower and tree seedlings and has been promoted. Carbonized rice bran is also one of the best substrate materials, but it needs to be used in conjunction with other substrate materials due to the high pH value. Organic fertilizer is rich in organic matter and has suitable physical and chemical properties, so it is an ideal seedling substrate. Perlite has a large water holding capacity, and its strong alkalinity also needs to be mixed with other substrates. The rock wool matrix has good air permeability and water absorption and water retention, but the free phenol in the rock wool can directly enter the cultivated plants and cause harm to the human body, and the discarded rock wool cannot decompose by itself, and it will be discharged into the soil and cause groundwater pollution. Seedling substrates based on cottonseed hulls and corn stalks are beneficial to the growth of tomato. As early as 1988, Nanjing Agricultural University and Jiangsu University cooperated to develop the organic substrate of reed powder as a new type of seedling substrate at that time. In recent years, many domestic scholars have also actively carried out the research and development of new substrates. The matrix formulations of pecan husks mixed with soybean meal and carbonized rice husks, bark crushed and soaked and then added with peat moss and vermiculite, green plant waste and Chinese herbal medicines all showed good results.

Forest harvesting (land) residues mainly refer to the branches, leaves, top wood, broken wood, bark, felled roots and roots, dead wood, standing wood and shrubs left in the felling area after forest felling. At present, the volume of logs obtained from felling and lumber in our country is only about 65% of the standing stock, and the rest are regarded as residues. From this, it can be estimated that the annual log output in the country is about 41 million m ³ , and the logging residue is about 14 million m ³ , equivalent to a log volume of 4.7 million m ³ . At present, the utilization rate of forest logging residues in my country is low. Except for a small amount of logging residues that are picked up by local forest farmers and used as household fuel, they are mainly burned before new afforestation to clean up the logging sites, thereby emitting a large amount of carbon dioxide and smog into the air. Haze has seriously polluted the environment. And it is an important way to utilize it as a substrate for seedling raising, which is an important way to utilize the ideal residue, and there has been no relevant report before.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a reusable seedling-raising substrate with good effect, environmental protection, suitable for fast-growing forest seedling raising and a preparation method thereof.

The forest felling residue seedling raising substrate provided by the present invention includes the fermented product of forest felled residue and special compound fertilizer for forestry, the fermented product of said forest felled residue is the fermented product of forest felled residue, animal manure, and water; The special compound fertilizer for forestry mentioned above is formulated according to the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements required by different fast-growing forest species.

The volume ratio (7-9):(1-3) of the fermented product of the forest felling residue and the special compound fertilizer is preferably 9:1.

Forest harvesting residues may include branches, leaves, top wood, broken wood, bark, cut roots and tree roots, dead wood, standing wood, shrubs, understory accumulations, etc. abandoned in the felling area after harvesting.

The animal manure is preferably pig and/or cow manure.

The preparation method of above-mentioned forest felling residue seedling-raising matrix, comprises the following steps:

(1) After crushing the forest felling residue, mix it with pig and/or cow dung and water, ferment, dry, rinse, and dry to obtain the fermented product of the forest harvesting residue;

(2) According to the nutrients required by different fast-growing forest species, the fermented product of forest felling residue and the special compound fertilizer for different fast-growing forest species are mixed evenly.

Preferably, in step (1), the forest harvesting residue is crushed into a powder with a particle size of 80-180 mesh, more preferably 120 mesh.

As preferably, in step (1), the weight ratio of described forest felling residue, water and pig manure is (10-15):(15-25):(1-3), more preferably 12:20: 2.

As a preference, in step (1), the fermentation conditions are high temperature 65-75°C, fermentation for 6-8 days; middle temperature 50-60°C, fermentation for 10-15 days; room temperature 20-30°C post-ripening fermentation for 65-85 days . More preferably, it is fermented for 7 days at a high temperature of 75°C; fermented at a medium temperature of 50°C for 12 days; post-ripened and fermented at a normal temperature of 25°C for 7 days. High-temperature fermentation can effectively kill bacteria; medium-temperature fermentation can effectively decompose toxic organic matter; normal temperature fermentation can further mature the fermented product.

As a preference, in the step (1), the rinsing is rinsing the fermentation product to pH 6-7, EC 2-3mS/cm.

As a preference, in step (1), the drying temperature is 60-80°C.

As a preference, in step (2), after mixing, it is compressed into blocks for convenience of transportation, and the compression ratio is (8-5):1, more preferably 6:1.

The invention adopts the forest felling residue as the main raw material, undergoes fermentation treatment, and then compatibilizes with other nutrients required for plant growth to prepare an original ecological seedling-raising substrate. Its beneficial effects include: rich sources of raw materials, low cost, balanced nutrition, suitable for seedling growth, and able to meet the nutritional needs of fast-growing tree seedlings in forestry commercial forests; The environmental pollution caused by burning mountains is beneficial to low-carbon environmental protection; the preparation method has simple process, low cost, convenient operation and high production efficiency. In addition, the seedling-raising substrate has a good repeated use effect.

detailed description

It should be noted that the seedling raising substrate of the present invention is not only suitable for growing seedlings of fast-growing forests, but also suitable for raising seedlings of flowers, medicinal materials, and other forest trees. The following examples only take the seedlings of fast-growing forests as an example. In the present invention, there is no special limitation on what type of forest the forest harvesting residues are taken from, such as coniferous forest and broad-leaved forest.

In the specific implementation of the present invention, according to different fast-growing tree species (fir, pine, poplar, eucalyptus) to required nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other trace element nutrients, the corresponding special-purpose compound fertilizer is prepared according to the conventional method in the art, and then forest felling The fermented product of the land remnants is compatible with forestry-specific compound fertilizers of different tree species.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail through the following examples. The specific material proportions, process conditions and results described in the examples are only used to illustrate the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Example 1

The seedling-raising matrix formula of the present embodiment is: the fermented product of forest felling residue, the compound fertilizer special for forestry volume ratio is 8:2. The preparation method is as follows:

(1) Fermentation of forest felling residues: Put the crushed (120 mesh) masson pine forest cutting residues (including branch wood, leaves and understory accumulations, etc.), water and pig and cow dung in a weight ratio of 12:20:2 Put into a small-scale temperature-controlled fermentation equipment, ferment for 7 days at a high temperature of 70°C, 14 days at a medium temperature of 55°C, and post-ripen at a room temperature of 20-30°C for 80 days, take it out and dry it at 60-80°C;

(2) Fermentation product rinsing: Using saturated extraction method, the fermentation product is leached to about pH 6.5 and EC 2.5mS/cm (25°C). Fully absorbed by the seedlings; take it out and place it on a plastic film, and dry it in a ventilated state to obtain the fermented product of forest harvesting residue;

(3) Preparation of special compound fertilizer for Pinus massoniana species: mix ammonium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, double superphosphate, and rice bran in a weight ratio of 47.1:20.0:26.1:6.8 to obtain the special compound fertilizer for Pinus massoniana;

(4) Preparation of seedling-raising substrate: the fermented product of forest harvesting residue and the special compound fertilizer for masson pine tree species were first mixed according to the volume ratio of 8:2, and then compressed into a brick shape through a press machine, and the compression ratio was 8:1 to obtain Masson pine special seedling substrate.

The seedling-raising substrate prepared above was used in the seedling-raising test of the masson pine fast-growing forest, and the results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

nursery number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Seedling quantity (plant) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Survival number (strain) 96 95 99 93 94 98 95 97 96 94 95 92 Survival rate (%) 96 95 99 93 94 98 95 97 96 94 95 92

The substrate after the above-mentioned planting of the masson pine fast-growing forest for one season was collected again, and the second season of the masson pine fast-growing forest was planted. See Table 2 for the emergence rate.

Table 2

nursery number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Seedling quantity (plant) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Survival number (strain) 93 96 93 94 95 94 95 96 94 93 92 97 Survival rate (%) 93 96 93 94 95 94 95 96 94 93 92 97

Example 2

The seedling-raising matrix formula of the present embodiment is: the fermented product of the forest felling remnants, and the special compound fertilizer for forestry have a volume ratio of 8.5:1.5. Its preparation method is as follows:

(1) Put the crushed alder forest harvest residue (80 mesh), water and pig and cow dung in a small temperature-controlled fermentation equipment at a weight ratio of 10:15:3, ferment at a high temperature of 75°C for 6 days, and at a medium temperature of 65°C for 10 days. day, 20-30°C room temperature post-ripening fermentation for 85 days, take out and dry;

(2) Using the saturated extraction method, rinse the fermentation product to about pH 6.5, EC 2.5mS/cm (25°C), take it out and place it on a plastic film, and dry it in a ventilated state;

(3) Preparation of special compound fertilizer for Chinese fir tree species: mix ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, general calcium, rice bran, weight 47.6:18.0:20.0:14.4 evenly to obtain special compound fertilizer for Chinese fir;

(4) Mix the fermented product of forest logging residues and the special compound fertilizer for Chinese fir tree species according to the volume ratio of 8.5:1.5, dry them in a dryer, and then compress them into bricks with a compression ratio of 6:1.

The seedling-raising substrate prepared above was used in the seedling-raising test of Chinese fir fast-growing forest, and the results are shown in Table 3.

table 3

nursery number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Seedling quantity 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Survival number (strain) 91 95 97 93 94 95 95 97 90 94 95 96 Survival rate (%) 91 95 97 93 94 95 95 97 90 94 95 96

The above-mentioned substrate after planting the fast-growing Chinese fir forest for one season was collected again, and planted for the second season of fast-growing Chinese fir forest. The emergence rate is shown in Table 4.

Table 4

nursery number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Seedling quantity (plant) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Survival number (strain) 95 96 93 95 95 96 95 95 97 96 94 92 Survival rate (%) 95 96 93 95 95 96 95 95 97 96 94 92

Example 3

The seedling-raising substrate formula of the present embodiment is: the fermented product of the forest felling remnants, and the special compound fertilizer for forestry have a volume ratio of 7.5:2.5. Its preparation method is as follows:

(1) Put crushed poplar forest harvesting residues (180 mesh), water, and pig and cow dung in a weight ratio of 15:25:1 into a small-scale temperature-controlled fermentation equipment, ferment at a high temperature of 65°C for 8 days, and ferment at a medium temperature of 50°C for 15 days. 20-30°C post-ripening fermentation at room temperature for 75 days, take out and dry;

(2) Using the saturated extraction method, rinse the fermentation product to about pH 6.5, EC 2.5mS/cm (25°C), take it out and place it on a plastic film, and dry it in a ventilated state;

(3) preparation of special compound fertilizer for eucalyptus species: mix ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate, general calcium, chicken manure by weight 26.5:20.0:42.9:10.6 to get poplar special compound fertilizer;

(4) Mix the fermented product of the forest harvesting residue with the special compound fertilizer for poplar species according to the volume ratio of 7.5:2.5, dry it with a dryer, and then compress it into a brick shape with a compression machine, with a compression ratio of 5:1.

The seedling-raising substrate prepared above was used in the seedling-raising test of Eucalyptus fast-growing forest, and the results are shown in Table 5.

table 5

nursery number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Seedling quantity 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Survival number (strain) 94 95 97 98 94 93 95 97 95 94 95 96 Survival rate (%) 94 95 97 98 94 93 95 97 95 94 95 96

The substrate after the above-mentioned planting of the first-season eucalyptus fast-growing forest was collected again, and the second-season eucalyptus fast-growing forest was planted. The emergence rate is shown in Table 6.

Table 6

nursery number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Seedling quantity (plant) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Survival number (strain) 96 95 94 96 94 93 95 97 96 93 96 94 Survival rate (%) 96 95 94 96 94 93 95 97 96 93 96 94

Claims (9)

1. a kind of forest felling residue seedling raising substrate is characterized in that comprising the fermented product of forest felled residue and special-purpose compound fertilizer, and the fermented product of described forest felled residue is weight ratio (10-15): (15-25) : (1-3) the fermented product of forest felling residue, water and animal manure, described special-purpose compound fertilizer is to be formulated according to the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element required by different seedlings, described forest harvesting The volume ratio (7-9):(1-3) of the fermented product of residue and special-purpose compound fertilizer; Described seedling-raising matrix adopts following steps to prepare: (1) Crush the forest harvesting residue, mix it with animal manure and water, ferment, dry, rinse, and dry to obtain the fermented product of forest harvesting residue; (2) According to the nutrients required by different fast-growing forest species, mix the fermented products of forest harvesting residues and special compound fertilizers for different fast-growing forest species. 2. The forest felling residue seedling raising substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the animal manure is pig and/or cow manure. 3. according to claim 1 and 2 described forest felling residue seedling raising substrates, it is characterized in that said special compound fertilizer is formulated according to the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements required by different fast-growing forest species. 4. a preparation method of the forest felling residue seedling raising substrate described in one of claims 1-3, comprising the following steps: (1) Crush the forest harvesting residue, mix it with pig and/or cow dung, and water, ferment, dry, rinse, and dry to obtain the fermented product of forest harvesting residue; (2) According to the nutrients required by different fast-growing forest species, mix the fermented products of forest harvesting residues and special compound fertilizers for different fast-growing forest species. 5 . The method for preparing the seedling-raising substrate of forest harvesting residues according to claim 4 , characterized in that in step (1), the forest harvesting residues are crushed into a powder with a particle size of 80-180 mesh. 6. The preparation method of the forest harvesting residue seedling raising substrate according to claim 4, characterized in that in step (1), the weight ratio of the forest harvesting residue, water and pig and cow manure is (10-15): (15-25): (1-3). 7. The method for preparing the substrate for seedling cultivation of forest harvesting residues according to any one of claims 4-6, characterized in that in step (1), the fermentation conditions are high temperature 65-75°C, fermentation for 6-8 days; medium temperature 50-60°C, ferment for 10-15 days; ripen and ferment for 65-85 days at room temperature. 8. The preparation method of the forest harvesting residue seedling-raising substrate according to any one of claims 4-6, characterized in that in step (1), the rinsing is rinsing the fermentation product to pH 6-7, EC 2 -3mS/cm. 9. The preparation method of the forest harvesting residue seedling raising substrate according to any one of claims 4-6, characterized in that in step (2), after mixing, it is compressed into blocks, and the compression ratio is (8-5): 1 .