CN103782380A - 半导体模块 - Google Patents
半导体模块 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103782380A CN103782380A CN201280039872.8A CN201280039872A CN103782380A CN 103782380 A CN103782380 A CN 103782380A CN 201280039872 A CN201280039872 A CN 201280039872A CN 103782380 A CN103782380 A CN 103782380A
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Abstract
一种半导体模块,其具有:一对半导体元件(16,18),它们具有与第1电力系统(BT)电气连接的第1端子(12,14)、和与第2电力系统(M)电气连接的第2端子(13),彼此串联连接;散热器(7);第1电极(10),其分别与所述第1端子的一个第1端子(12)、和所述一对半导体元件中的一个半导体元件(16)的一个电极电气连接;输出电极(11),其分别与所述第2端子(13)、和所述一对半导体元件中的另一个半导体元件(18)的一个电极电气连接;以及第2电极(9),其与所述第1端子的另一个第1端子(14)电气连接,所述第2电极(9)经由第1绝缘部件(8a)与所述散热器(7)连接,所述输出电极(11)经由第2绝缘部件(8b)与所述第2电极(9)连接。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种半导体模块。
背景技术
已知一种电力变换装置,其通过对冷却片(散热器)的材质使用例如陶瓷等,降低电力变换装置(变换器)的对地寄生电容,从而能够降低成为噪声的原因的泄漏电流(专利文献1)。
专利文献1:日本特许第3,649,259号公报
发明内容
然而,在上述现有技术的结构中,与冷却片由金属形成的情况相比,能够降低电力变换装置的对地寄生电容,但例如陶瓷的导热系数比金属的导热系数低,因此可能无法充分地使电力变换装置冷却。
本发明的目的在于,降低电力变换装置的对地寄生电容,并且防止冷却电力变换装置的性能下降。
本发明通过下述方式实现上述目的,即,通过经由绝缘部件将输出电极与第2电极连接,经由其它绝缘部件将第2电极与散热器连接。
发明的效果
根据本发明,输出电极经由第2电极接地,输出电极与接地之间的寄生电容、和第2电极与接地之间的寄生电容成为串联连接的电路结构,因此,能够降低共模电流,并且,输出电极和第2电极由低电阻连接,因此能够防止冷却电力变换装置的性能下降。
附图说明
图1是表示使用本发明的一个实施方式所涉及的半导体模块的变换器电路的一个例子的电路图。
图2是用于说明共模电流的电路图。
图3A是表示本发明的一个实施方式所涉及的半导体模块的侧视图。
图3B是图3A的俯视图。
图4是用于说明图3A、图3B的半导体模块的作用效果的电路图。
图5A是表示图3A、图3B的半导体模块的变形例的侧视图。
图5B是图5A的俯视图。
图6A是表示本发明的其它实施方式所涉及的半导体模块的侧视图。
图6B是图6A的俯视图。
图7是用于说明图6A、6B的半导体模块的作用效果的电路图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种电力模块和对其进行冷却的散热器,该电力模块构成利用例如SiC等宽带隙半导体元件的电力变换器的开关部分。在利用宽带隙半导体元件的电力变换器中,为了发挥该元件的特性并进行小型化,使电源电压高电压化,为了降低损耗而要求高速地进行元件的通断。
然而,高电压的变换器必须与接地(以下,也称为GND)绝缘,如果电源电压升高,高速地进行接通/断开,则每单位时间的电压变化量(dV/dt)变大,存在在电力模块和GND之间的绝缘层中寄生的静电电容中流过的电流增大的问题。
流过该静电电容的电流Icm,能够利用静电电容C和dV/dt,由Icm=C×(dV/dt)表示,作为从高电压系统向GND泄漏的共模电流而定义。由于与该电流振幅和电流流过的环面积成正比的噪声向外部放射,因此共模电流成为难以依照EMC(Electro-MagneticCompatibility)标准的主要原因。另一方面,为了将电力变换器小型化,而要求使占据变换器体积的大部分的散热器缩小。
因此,在本发明中,通过将多个绝缘部件与AC电极图案、P电极图案、N电极图案层叠而与散热器连接,从而降低共模电流的振幅,并且通过缩小冷却路径,从而降低放射噪声,不使散热器大型化。
下面,基于附图,详细地对本发明的一个实施方式进行说明。在图1中,作为使用本发明的一个实施方式所涉及的半导体模块的系统的例子,示出三相的变换器电路。本例的半导体模块1是具有1相的电压切换机构的2in1模块,以下说明的具体结构利用2in1模块示出,但本发明所涉及的半导体模块也可以是将多相的功能集合而成的半导体模块。
图1所示的电力变换系统通过平滑用电容器C及电力变换装置INV,将供给电池BT等的第1电力变换为第2电力,并将其供给至三相交流电动机M,或者通过电力变换装置INV及平滑用电容器C,将三相交流电动机M的再生电力变换为第1电力,由此,对供给电池BT进行充电。
首先,参照表示现有结构的半导体模块101的图2,对共模电流进行说明。由开关元件和整流元件构成的P侧半导体元件102和N侧半导体元件103,由利用例如SiC和GaN等宽带隙半导体的MOSFET(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor)、JFET(Junction gate Field-Effect Transistor)、BJT(Bipolar JunctionTransistor)、IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)、二极管等元件构成。
它们与控制信号相对应而将电源电压接通/断开,生成交流电力。此时,AC端子部107在短时间内从几V变化至电源电压,由于该电压变化,而在AC电极图案和GND之间的寄生电容104中,流过如箭头线A所示的共模电流。
另外,由于在开关过渡时P端子108的电压也发生变动,因此,在P电极图案和GND之间的寄生电容105中流过电流,流过如箭头线B所示的共模电流。同样的现象在各相的半导体模块中发生,共模电流经由负载的对地电容(未图示)、电源的对地电容(未图示)、N电极图案和GND间的寄生电容106等,流过高电压系统和GND,向外部放射噪声。并且,该放射噪声的振幅与共模电流的振幅和流过的环面积成正比例。
《第1实施方式》
图4是表示本发明的第1实施方式所涉及的半导体模块的、包含寄生电容的电路图。本例的半导体模块1具有分别由开关元件和整流二极管构成的P侧半导体元件16、N侧半导体元件18、及散热器7,并设有与第1电力系统电气连接的P端子12及N端子14、与第2电力系统电气连接的AC端子13。另外,4表示AC端子13所连接的AC电极图案11与接地GND之间的寄生电容,5表示P端子12所连接的P电极图案10和接地GND之间的寄生电容,6表示N端子14所连接的N电极图案9与接地GND之间的寄生电容。
图3A是表示图4所示的第1实施方式所涉及的半导体模块的侧视图,图3B是俯视图,本例的半导体模块1具有与接地GND连接的散热器7,在该散热器7上经由绝缘层8a连接有N电极图案9,在该N电极图案9上经由其它绝缘层8b连接有P电极图案10和AC电极图案11。并且,在P电极图案10上安装有电流输入输出用的P端子12,在AC电极图案11上安装有电流输入输出用的AC端子13,在N电极图案9上安装有电流输入输出用的N端子14。
各电极图案9、10、11和绝缘层8a、8b优选由利用氮化硅的多层陶瓷基板构成。另外,在与散热器7相接的面上设有连接用的金属图案15,成为多层陶瓷基板和散热器7通过软钎焊或硬钎焊而电气且机械连接的结构。
在图示的P电极图案10的上表面,安装形成于P侧半导体元件16的下表面的电极并电气连接,在P侧半导体元件16的上表面形成的电极,利用接合线17a等与AC电极图案11电气连接。另外,在图示的AC电极图案11的上表面,安装形成于N侧半导体元件18的下表面的电极并电气连接,在N侧半导体元件18的上表面形成的电极,利用接合线17b等与N电极图案9电气连接。
另外,虽未图示,但在P侧半导体元件16以及N侧半导体元件18中的开关元件上连接有信号线,该信号线将其开关信号从驱动电路向所输入的电极输出。另外,未进行图示,但多层绝缘基板被壳体包围,利用绝缘性材料进行封闭。
如上所述,在接地的散热器7上,经由绝缘层8a设置N电极图案9,在该N电极图案9上,经由绝缘层8b设有P电极图案10和AC电极图案11,由此,决定图4所示的共模电流大小的AC电极图案11和接地GND之间的寄生电容,成为AC电极图案11和N电极图案9之间的寄生电容4与N电极图案9和接地GND之间的寄生电容6串联连接的电路结构。另外,P电极图案10和接地GND之间的寄生电容,成为P电极图案10和接地GND之间的寄生电容5与N电极图案9和接地GND之间的寄生电容6串联连接的电路结构。
在将大于或等于2个电容器C1、C2连接的情况下,整体的电容器电容C,在并联连接的情况下为C=C1+C2+…,与此相对,在串联连接的情况下为C=1/C1+1/C2+……,串联连接的静电电容较小。因此,在本例的半导体模块中,通过串联连接而使寄生电容变小,由此,由Icm=C×(dV/dt)表示的共模电流也变小。
另一方面,从冷却的观点出发,在本例中,增加了一层绝缘层8b,但由于P电极图案10和N电极图案9、以及AC电极图案11和N电极图案9分别低电阻地连接,因此,冷却性能的下降极其微弱。
并且,如图3所示,从P端子12经由AC电极图案11至N端子14的电流路径,成为相对的结构,因此,P端子12和N端子14之间为低阻抗。因此,能够抑制开关过渡时的P端子12的电压变动。
另外,为了使N端子14的取出和与N侧半导体元件18之间的连接容易进行,如图5所示,N电极图案9也可以在多层陶瓷基板上侧的绝缘层8b上设有通孔19,将N电极图案9的一部分配置在绝缘层8b的上表面。
《第2实施方式》
图6A是表示本发明的第2实施方式所涉及的半导体模块的侧视图,图6B是俯视图。本例的半导体模块1具有与接地GND连接的散热器7,在该散热器7上经由绝缘层8c连接有N电极图案9a及P电极图案10a,在该N电极图案9a上经由其它绝缘层8d连接有AC电极图案11a。并且,在P电极图案10a上安装有电流输入输出用的P端子12,在AC电极图案11a上安装有电流输入输出用的AC端子13,在N电极图案9a上安装有电流输入输出用的N端子14。与上述的图3A、图3B所示的第1实施方式的半导体模块1相比,P电极图案10、10a的层叠位置不同。
各电极图案9a、10a、11a和绝缘层8c、8d,优选由使用氮化硅的多层陶瓷基板构成。另外,在与散热器7相接的面上设有连接用的金属图案15,成为通过软钎焊或硬钎焊将多层陶瓷基板和散热器7电气且机械连接的结构。
在图示的P电极图案10a的上表面,安装形成于P侧半导体元件16的下表面上的电极并电气地连接,形成在P侧半导体元件16的上表面的电极通过接合线等17c与AC电极图案11a电气连接。另外,在图示的AC电极图案11a的上表面,安装形成于N侧半导体元件18的下表面的电极并电气地连接,形成在N侧半导体元件18的上表面的电极通过接合线等17d与N电极图案9a电气连接。
另外,未进行图示,但在P侧半导体元件16以及N侧半导体元件17中的开关元件上连接有信号线,该信号线将其开关信号从驱动电路向所输入的电极输出。另外,未进行图示,但多层绝缘基板被壳体包围,通过绝缘性材料进行封闭。
特别地,在本例的半导体模块1中构成为,图6B的俯视中的P电极图案10a的面积和N电极图案9a的面积相同或大致相同,在AC电极图案11a的下层中的不存在N电极图案9a的部分处,充填有与绝缘层8c相同的陶瓷基材。
通过如上所述的结构,在图7所示的电路中,P电极图案10a和接地GND之间的寄生电容5a与第1实施方式相比变大,但N电极图案9a和接地GND之间的寄生电容6a与第1实施方式相比变小,同时与P电极图案10a和接地GND之间的寄生电容5a相当。由此,在某相(U、V、W的各相)的半导体模块中发生的共模电流不会流向供给电池BT侧和电动机M侧,而在相近的其它相的半导体模块内的寄生电容中循环。其结果,减小共模电流的环面积。
另外,通过使N电极图案9a和接地GND之间的寄生电容6a变小,从而也使与AC电极图案11a和N电极图案9a之间的寄生电容4a的串联电容即AC图案11a和接地GND之间的寄生电容(寄生电容4a和寄生电容6a的总电容)变小,因此,共模电流的振幅也变小。因此,降低放射噪声。
如上所述,在上述第1实施方式以及第2实施方式的半导体模块1中,作为向接地GND泄漏的泄漏电流的原因的AC电极图案11、11a经由N电极图案9、9a接地,因此,AC电极图案11、11a的对GND电容变小,由此,能够抑制共模电流。
另外,在上述第1实施方式的半导体模块1中,由于次于AC电极图案11、11a而成为泄漏电流的原因的P电极图案10、10a经由N电极图案9、9a接地,因此,P电极图案9、9a的对GND电容变小,并且,PN端子间的阻抗减小,因此,抑制开关过渡时的P电极图案9、9a的电压变动,由此能够抑制共模电流。
另外,根据上述第2实施方式的半导体模块1,由于P电极图案10a的对GND电容和N电极图案9a的对GND电容相当,因此,共模电流在彼此接近的半导体模块之间循环,其结果,环面积变小,能够抑制放射噪声。
并且,根据图5A及图5B所示的半导体模块1,P电极图案10及AC电极图案11与N电极图案9之间的接触面积(在层叠方向上重合的面积)变宽,因此使阻抗降低,并且从P电极图案10至散热器7的热阻变小,从AC电极图案11至散热器7的热阻变小,因此能够使散热器7小型化。
另外,在上述实施方式中,以进行所谓直流-交流变换的逆变器为例,对电力变换装置进行了说明,但例如在直流-直流变换(DC-DC变换)等中也能够获得相同的作用效果。
上述供给电池BT相当于本发明所涉及的第1电力系统,上述P端子12以及N端子14相当于本发明所涉及的第1端子,上述电动机M相当于本发明所涉及的第2电力系统,上述AC端子13相当于本发明所涉及的第2端子,上述P电极图案10、10a相当于本发明所涉及的第1电极,上述N电极图案9、9a相当于本发明所涉及的第2电极,上述AC电极图案11、11a相当于本发明所涉及的输出电极,上述绝缘层8a、8c相当于本发明所涉及的第1绝缘部件,上述绝缘层8b、8d相当于本发明所涉及的第2绝缘部件。
标号的说明
1:半导体模块
2:P侧半导体元件
3:N侧半导体元件
4、5、6、4a、5a、6a:寄生电容
7:散热器
8a、8b、8c、8d:绝缘层
9、9a:N电极图案
10、10a:P电极图案
11、11a:AC电极图案
12:P端子
13:AC端子
14:N端子
15:金属图案
16:P侧半导体元件
17a、17b:接合线
18:N侧半导体元件
19:通孔
BT:二次电池
C:平滑用电容器
M:电动机
INV:电力变换部
Claims (4)
1.一种半导体模块,其具有:
一对串联连接的半导体元件,它们具有与第1电力系统电气连接的第1端子、和与第2电力系统电气连接的第2端子;
散热器;
第1电极,其分别与所述第1端子中的一个第1端子、和所述一对半导体元件中的一个半导体元件的一个电极电气连接;
输出电极,其分别与所述第2端子、和所述一对半导体元件中的另一个半导体元件的一个电极电气连接;以及
第2电极,其与所述第1端子中的另一个第1端子电气连接,
所述一个半导体元件的另一个电极,与所述输出电极电气连接,
所述另一个半导体元件的另一个电极,与所述第2电极电气连接,
所述第2电极经由第1绝缘部件与所述散热器连接,
所述输出电极经由第2绝缘部件与所述第2电极连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的半导体模块,其中,
所述第1电极经由所述第2绝缘部件与所述第2电极连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的半导体模块,其中,
所述第1电极经由所述第1绝缘部件与所述散热器连接,
所述第1电极的面积和所述第2电极的面积大致相同。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的半导体模块,其中,
所述第2电极包含:
与所述输出电极形成在同一面上的电极;
形成在所述第1绝缘部件上的电极;以及
将上述两个电极电气地连接的通孔。
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JP5798412B2 (ja) | 2015-10-21 |
EP2750184B1 (en) | 2020-10-07 |
EP2750184A4 (en) | 2015-08-26 |
US8921998B2 (en) | 2014-12-30 |
US20140159225A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 |
CN103782380B (zh) | 2019-12-13 |
EP2750184A1 (en) | 2014-07-02 |
JP2013045974A (ja) | 2013-03-04 |
WO2013027819A1 (ja) | 2013-02-28 |
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