CN103749362B - A kind of Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method.The method comprises the following steps: 1) local Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent seed selection; 2) local Macrobrachium rosenbergii Parents gynogenesis; 3) the gynogenetic Macrobrachium rosenbergii advanced generation cross of edge Macrobrachium rosenbergii far away and this locality is introduced.The inventive method hybridization next generation has the proterties that survival rate is high, premunition strong, growth is fast, Feed efficiency is high, individuality is large, output is high.Shrimp hatching rate brings up to 68.55%, and emergence rate brings up to 95.11%.It becomes the composition of shrimp moisture, crude ash content, crude protein, crude fat content and amino acid (fatty acid) thereof apparently higher than local shrimp species.

Description

A kind of Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of crossbreeding technology of fresh water shrimp, particularly relate to a kind of Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method.

Background technology

Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), have another name called the long-armed prawn of fresh water, Malaysian prawn, originate in the Indian Ocean-Pacific torrid zone, subtropical water, one of fresh water shrimp that build is maximum in the world, have growth fast, individual large, feeding habits extensively, are easily raised and train, strong adaptability, the advantage such as with short production cycle.Macrobrachium rosenbergii, as the treasure in fresh water shrimp, is always subject to liking of people.It is Fresh & Tender in Texture, delicious flavour, nutritious.Every 100 grams of shrimp are containing 20.6 grams, protein, and 0.7 gram, fat, and the trace element containing multivitamin and needed by human are high-protein nutrient aquatic products.China is introduced by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences from Japan from 1976, after Guangdong aquatic products research institute (existing China's Pearl River Fishery Research Institute of Aquatic Science Research Institute) artificial propagation success in 1977, cultivation through more than ten years is promoted, to the early 1990s in last century, obtain fast development in the Yangtze River Delta, area, Pearl River Delta, cultured area reaches tens thousand of mu.2009, national Macrobrachium rosenbergii output reached 160,000 tons, became national maximum output for many years, for significant contribution has been made in many regional increasing peasant income, fishery synergy.

But in recent years, occur in Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding production that the disease problem in the phenomenons, particularly seedling raising process such as physique is poor, growth is slow, susceptible disease is more outstanding.The Macrobrachium rosenbergii of current China cultivation is mostly 20 century 70s raising up seed from country in Southeast Asia's introduced variety.Through too much generation cultivation and for many generations artificial propagation, it is relatively more serious to plant matter degradation phenomena, main manifestations be growth rate slowly, sexual maturity in advance, individual miniaturized, resistance against diseases declines, disease increases, and causes economic benefit constantly to decline.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method optimizing provenance, can breed out that survival rate is high, fast growth, sexual maturity normally or slow, individual are maximized, resistance against diseases is strong, disease is few Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method.

Technical scheme of the present invention is: the method comprises the following steps:

1) local Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent seed selection: first select grow under severe conditions, has the SPF Macrobrachium rosenbergii seed that survival rate is high, premunition is strong; Secondly cultivate this local Macrobrachium rosenbergii seed filtered out under severe conditions, a female male parent point pond is brought up, and carries out more than three generations and cultivates, last preferred excellent person;

2) local Macrobrachium rosenbergii Parents gynogenesis: use more than one radiation sources, hocket radiation, male parent sperm is lost activity, do not participate in genetic material, only play and activate ovum effect, by the ovum of the activation of spermatozoa that loses activity, after carrying out cell division, use the method for cold shock, induce its haplochromosome doubly to change, become dliploid; Shock temperature is 0.3 DEG C ~ 0.9 DEG C;

3) introduce edge Macrobrachium rosenbergii far away and this locality gynogenetic Macrobrachium rosenbergii advanced generation cross: introduce have grow fast, Feed efficiency is high, individuality is large, the Yuan Yuan Israel Macrobrachium rosenbergii seed of output high proterties, Macrobrachium rosenbergii advanced generation cross gynogenetic with this locality, cultivates and has heterosis, hybrid vigor generation Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

The inventive method hybridization next generation has the proterties that survival rate is high, premunition strong, growth is fast, Feed efficiency is high, individuality is large, output is high.Shrimp hatching rate brings up to 68.55%, and emergence rate brings up to 95.11%.It becomes the composition of shrimp moisture, crude ash content, crude protein, crude fat content and amino acid (fatty acid) thereof apparently higher than local shrimp species.

Embodiment

Macrobrachium rosenbergii originates in the torrid areas such as Central and South America, Vietnam, Philippine, Thailand, and nineteen sixty introduces Taiwan by doctor Lin Shaowen of fisheries expert in FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation), is omnivorousness torrid zone shrimp.The water temperature that the most applicable Macrobrachium rosenbergii is grown up is 23-32 DEG C.Less than 22 DEG C growth just can slow down, and less than 19 DEG C will stop ingesting, and water temperature is lower than 18 DEG C or can mortality higher than 35 DEG C.Water temperature is when 25-30 DEG C, and minimum dissolved oxygen amount (DO) 2.5-3ppm in water be the minimum requirements that shrimp only grows, and the dissolved oxygen in water of the most applicable growth is 5.0-7.0ppm.Optimal pH value is 7.8-9.5, and when dissolved oxygen in water is lower than 0.1ppm or when exceeding pH value tolerance scope, Thailand shrimp just cannot survive.But dissolved oxygen in water is also unsuitable excessive, and dissolved oxygen in water is more than 7.0ppm; During dissolved oxygen over-saturation, also may suffer from bubble illness and cause shrimp only dead.By parameters such as dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH value, ammonia nitrogens, and viral species and concentration, regulation and control, setting mal-condition, viable Macrobrachium rosenbergii, it necessarily has the outstanding merits such as survival rate is high, premunition is strong.

A kind of Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method, the method comprises the following steps:

1) local Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent seed selection: first select grow under severe conditions, has the SPF Macrobrachium rosenbergii seed that survival rate is high, premunition is strong; Secondly cultivate this local Macrobrachium rosenbergii seed filtered out under severe conditions, a female male parent point pond is brought up, and carries out more than three generations and cultivates, last preferred excellent person;

2) local Macrobrachium rosenbergii Parents gynogenesis: use more than one radiation sources, hocket radiation, male parent sperm is lost activity, do not participate in genetic material, only play and activate ovum effect, by the ovum of the activation of spermatozoa that loses activity, after carrying out cell division, use the method for cold shock, induce its haplochromosome doubly to change, become dliploid; Shock temperature is 0.3 DEG C ~ 0.9 DEG C;

3) introduce edge Macrobrachium rosenbergii far away and this locality gynogenetic Macrobrachium rosenbergii advanced generation cross: introduce have grow fast, Feed efficiency is high, individuality is large, the Yuan Yuan Israel Macrobrachium rosenbergii seed of output high proterties, Macrobrachium rosenbergii advanced generation cross gynogenetic with this locality, cultivates and has heterosis, hybrid vigor generation Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

When a heterosis, hybrid vigor generation is degenerated, by purification and rejuvenation, can recover and improve breeding quality.

Claims (1)

1. a Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

1) local Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent seed selection: first select grow under severe conditions, has the SPF Macrobrachium rosenbergii seed that survival rate is high, premunition is strong; Secondly cultivate this local Macrobrachium rosenbergii seed filtered out under severe conditions, a female male parent point pond is brought up, and carries out more than three generations and cultivates, last preferred excellent person;

2) local Macrobrachium rosenbergii Parents gynogenesis: use more than one radiation sources, hocket radiation, male parent sperm is lost activity, do not participate in genetic material, only play and activate ovum effect, by the ovum of the activation of spermatozoa that loses activity, after carrying out cell division, use the method for cold shock, induce its haplochromosome doubly to change, become dliploid; Shock temperature is 0.3 DEG C ~ 0.9 DEG C;

3) introduce edge Macrobrachium rosenbergii far away and this locality gynogenetic Macrobrachium rosenbergii advanced generation cross: introduce have grow fast, Feed efficiency is high, individuality is large, the Yuan Yuan Israel Macrobrachium rosenbergii seed of output high proterties, Macrobrachium rosenbergii advanced generation cross gynogenetic with this locality, cultivates and has heterosis, hybrid vigor generation Macrobrachium rosenbergii.