CN103749362A - Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method. The method includes the following step: 1), selecting local macrobrachium rosenbergii parents; 2), subjecting good local macrobrachium rosenbergii parents to gynogenesis; 3), introducing distant macrobrachium rosenbergii for hybridization with offsprings of the locally-gynogenetic macrobrachium rosenbergii. By the method, one generation after hybridization has properties of being high in survival rate, high in disease resistance, fast in growing, high in bait efficiency, large in individual and high in yield, shrimp offspring seed-holding rate is improved to be 68.5%, emergence rate is improved to be 95.11%, and adult shrimps bred by the method are obviously higher than local shrimp species in content of moisture, crude ash, crude protein, crude fat and composition of amino acid (fatty acid).

Description

A kind of Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of crossbreeding technology of fresh water shrimp, relate in particular to a kind of Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method.

Background technology

Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), have another name called the long-armed prawn of fresh water, Malaysian prawn, originate in the Indian Ocean-Pacific torrid zone, waters, subtropics, one of fresh water shrimp of build maximum in the world, have fast, individual large, the feeding habits of growth extensively, easily raise and train, strong adaptability, the advantage such as with short production cycle.Macrobrachium rosenbergii, as the treasure in fresh water shrimp, is always subject to liking of people.It is Fresh & Tender in Texture, and delicious flavour is nutritious.Every 100 grams of shrimp are containing 20.6 grams, protein, and 0.7 gram, fat, and the trace element that contains multivitamin and needed by human, be high-protein nutrient aquatic products.From 1976, by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, from Japan, introduce China, after Guangdong aquatic products research institute (existing China's Pearl River Fishery Research Institute of Aquatic Science Research Institute) in 1977 artificial propagation success, through the cultivation of more than ten years, promote, to the early 1990s in last century, in the Yangtze River Delta, area, Pearl River Delta, obtained fast development, cultured area reaches tens thousand of mu.2009, national Macrobrachium rosenbergii output reached 160,000 tons, became national maximum output for many years, for significant contribution has been made in many regional increasing peasant income, fishery synergy.

But in recent years, in Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding production, occurred that the disease problem in the phenomenons, particularly seedling raising process such as physique is poor, growth is slow, susceptible disease is more outstanding.The Macrobrachium rosenbergii of China's cultivation is at present mostly 20 century 70s raising up seed from country in Southeast Asia's introduced variety.Through too much generation cultivation and for many generations artificial propagation, germplasm degradation phenomena is more serious, main manifestations be growth rate slowly, sexual maturity in advance, individual miniaturization, resistance against diseases decline, disease increases etc., causes economic benefit constantly to decline.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method of optimizing provenance, the Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method that can breed out that survival rate is high, fast growth, sexual maturity normally or slow, individual maximizes, resistance against diseases is strong, disease is few.

Technical scheme of the present invention is: the method comprises the following steps:

1) local Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent seed selection: be first chosen under mal-condition and can grow, there is the SPF Macrobrachium rosenbergii seed that survival rate is high, premunition is strong; Secondly under mal-condition, cultivate this this locality Macrobrachium rosenbergii seed filtering out, bring up in a female male parent point pond, carries out three generations and cultivate above, last preferred good person;

2) local Macrobrachium rosenbergii Parents gynogenesis: use more than one radiation sources, radiation hockets, male parent sperm is lost activity, do not participate in genetic material, only play activate ovum effect, the ovum of the activation of spermatozoa that lost activity, carry out after cell division, use the method for cold shock, induce its haplochromosome doubly to change, become dliploid; Cold shock temperature is 0.3 ℃～0.9 ℃;

3) introduce edge Macrobrachium rosenbergii far away and local gynogenetic Macrobrachium rosenbergii advanced generation cross: introduce have that growth is fast, bait efficiency is high, the Yuan Yuan Israel Macrobrachium rosenbergii seed of individual large, the high proterties of output, with the gynogenetic Macrobrachium rosenbergii advanced generation cross in this locality, cultivate and there is heterosis, hybrid vigor generation Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

The inventive method hybridization next generation has the proterties that survival rate is high, premunition strong, growth is fast, bait efficiency is high, individuality is large, output is high.Shrimp hatching rate brings up to 68.55%, and emergence rate brings up to 95.11%.It becomes the composition of shrimp moisture, crude ash content, crude protein, crude fat content and amino acid (fatty acid) thereof apparently higher than local shrimp species.

Embodiment

Macrobrachium rosenbergii originates in the torrid areas such as Central and South America, Vietnam, Philippine, Thailand, and nineteen sixty is introduced Taiwan by doctor Lin Shaowen of fisheries expert in FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation), is omnivorousness torrid zone shrimp.The water temperature that the most applicable Macrobrachium rosenbergii is grown up is 23-32 ℃.22 ℃ of following growth just can slow down, and 19 ℃ following will stop ingesting, and water temperature is lower than 18 ℃ or can mortality higher than 35 ℃.Water temperature in the time of 25-30 ℃, minimum dissolved oxygen amount (DO) 2.5-3ppm in water, the minimum requirements of only growing for shrimp, and the dissolved oxygen in water of applicable growth is 5.0-7.0ppm.Optimal pH value is 7.8-9.5, and when dissolved oxygen in water is lower than 0.1ppm or while exceeding the tolerant scope of pH value, Thailand shrimp just cannot survive.But dissolved oxygen in water is also unsuitable excessive, and dissolved oxygen in water exceedes 7.0ppm; During dissolved oxygen over-saturation, also may suffer from bubble illness and cause shrimp only dead.By parameters such as dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH value, ammonia nitrogens, and viral species and concentration, regulation and control, setting mal-condition, viable Macrobrachium rosenbergii, it necessarily has the outstanding merits such as survival rate is high, premunition is strong.

A kind of Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method, the method comprises the following steps:

1) local Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent seed selection: be first chosen under mal-condition and can grow, there is the SPF Macrobrachium rosenbergii seed that survival rate is high, premunition is strong; Secondly under mal-condition, cultivate this this locality Macrobrachium rosenbergii seed filtering out, bring up in a female male parent point pond, carries out three generations and cultivate above, last preferred good person;

2) local Macrobrachium rosenbergii Parents gynogenesis: use more than one radiation sources, radiation hockets, male parent sperm is lost activity, do not participate in genetic material, only play activate ovum effect, the ovum of the activation of spermatozoa that lost activity, carry out after cell division, use the method for cold shock, induce its haplochromosome doubly to change, become dliploid; Cold shock temperature is 0.3 ℃～0.9 ℃;

3) introduce edge Macrobrachium rosenbergii far away and local gynogenetic Macrobrachium rosenbergii advanced generation cross: introduce have that growth is fast, bait efficiency is high, the Yuan Yuan Israel Macrobrachium rosenbergii seed of individual large, the high proterties of output, with the gynogenetic Macrobrachium rosenbergii advanced generation cross in this locality, cultivate and there is heterosis, hybrid vigor generation Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

When a heterosis, hybrid vigor generation is degenerated, can, by purification and rejuvenation, recover and improve breeding quality.

Claims (1)

1. a Macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding method, is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

1) local Macrobrachium rosenbergii parent seed selection: be first chosen under mal-condition and can grow, there is the SPF Macrobrachium rosenbergii seed that survival rate is high, premunition is strong; Secondly under mal-condition, cultivate this this locality Macrobrachium rosenbergii seed filtering out, bring up in a female male parent point pond, carries out three generations and cultivate above, last preferred good person;

2) local Macrobrachium rosenbergii Parents gynogenesis: use more than one radiation sources, radiation hockets, male parent sperm is lost activity, do not participate in genetic material, only play activate ovum effect, the ovum of the activation of spermatozoa that lost activity, carry out after cell division, use the method for cold shock, induce its haplochromosome doubly to change, become dliploid; Cold shock temperature is 0.3 ℃～0.9 ℃;

3) introduce edge Macrobrachium rosenbergii far away and local gynogenetic Macrobrachium rosenbergii advanced generation cross: introduce have that growth is fast, bait efficiency is high, the Yuan Yuan Israel Macrobrachium rosenbergii seed of individual large, the high proterties of output, with the gynogenetic Macrobrachium rosenbergii advanced generation cross in this locality, cultivate and there is heterosis, hybrid vigor generation Macrobrachium rosenbergii.