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CN1036232A - 一种复合渗碳剂 - Google Patents

一种复合渗碳剂 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1036232A
CN1036232A CN89101219A CN89101219A CN1036232A CN 1036232 A CN1036232 A CN 1036232A CN 89101219 A CN89101219 A CN 89101219A CN 89101219 A CN89101219 A CN 89101219A CN 1036232 A CN1036232 A CN 1036232A
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carburizing
kerosene
carburizer
complex
rare earth
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CN1010788B (zh
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刘跃
汪伯华
郦振声
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Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection
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Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B9/00Stoves for heating the blast in blast furnaces
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/21Burners specially adapted for a particular use
    • F23D2900/21001Burners specially adapted for a particular use for use in blast furnaces

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)

Abstract

一种由互溶的煤油,醇和稀土元素组成的复合渗 碳剂,适于井式气体渗碳炉的滴注式气体渗碳和真空 离子渗碳,尤其适合于井式渗碳炉的可控气氛渗碳, 使单因素可控气氛渗碳碳势控制精度≤±0.05%,无 碳黑,渗碳速度高于煤油,一号渗碳油,丙酮和醋酸乙 酯。

Description

本发明属于化学热处理领域。
井式炉滴注式气体渗碳工艺是国内外机械行业中最常用的工艺方法之一。渗碳件质量的好坏关系到机械产品的质量和使用寿命。渗碳件表面碳浓度低,将降低工件表面的接触疲劳强度和疲劳强度。表面碳含量过高,则易产生表面网状或块状碳化物,增加表面脆性。渗碳件表层碳含量是0.9~1.0%时具有较好的表面综合机械性能,控制渗碳件质量的主要途径是根据不同的实际使用条件,控制渗碳层的碳含量,对于滴注式气体渗碳而言,必须控制气氛的碳势。影响渗碳气氛碳势控制精度的主要因素之一是炉气成份能否稳定,炉气成份的稳定性又直接与滴注剂的分解产物有关。
目前国外(如欧州和日本)广泛应用的渗碳工艺方法是所谓的卡博马格法(Carbomaag)。卡博马格法气体渗碳是将两种有机液体直接滴入井式炉内进行裂解制备渗碳气氛。这两种有机液体,一种是供载气和稀释用的甲醇,另一种是醋酸乙脂或丙酮,它们在渗碳温度下裂解的渗碳气氛,炉气成份稳定,渗碳质量好,容易进行可控气氛渗碳。鉴于我国的具体情况,丙酮,醋酸乙酯的成本偏高,所以我国绝大多数生产厂家采用灯用煤油作渗碳剂。其优点是价格便宜,渗碳速度快。但煤油属链烃类的碳氢化合物,其成份结构不稳定,并因产地不同而异。煤油在渗碳温度(920℃)下,基本按下式分解
CnH2n+2n〔C〕+(n+1)H2n=9-16
由于煤油的裂解组分中没有一氧化碳,煤油作为滴注剂渗碳所产生的裂解气氛中的一氧化碳,主要靠排气期结束后残留在炉内的氧来形成。随着渗碳时间的延续,炉气中的一氧化碳逐渐减少,各组份含量变化大,过剩的碳将导致形成碳黑。针对这种情况,可用煤油+空气,煤油+水的方法,适当地增加炉内氧气,解决煤油裂解气中一氧化碳的波动过大,过剩碳太多的问题。也有人,如广东机械学院黄拿灿提出了“配比煤油”工艺,但该文作者未能解决甲醇与煤油互不相溶的问题,而采用电磁阀流量计等机械装置,通过调整两种液体的流量比例并使其同时流入渗碳炉内裂解的方法来构成“配比”煤油。这种配比煤油在实现该工艺时要求甲醇和煤油必须同时分别以两条管道,按不同流量滴入炉内。流量的比例须靠流量计控制,液体的流动受自身重力的作用,并随液面变化而变化,由于流量的经常变化及两种液体的流量变化不同步,所以使操作者在实现该工艺时,有种种不便。
为了解决以煤油作渗碳剂所存在的上述问题,本发明同样以向煤油中补充氧份为基本依据,通过选用适当的醇类和稀土元素,实现其与煤油的互溶,促使煤油充分裂解并稳定其裂解气氛中的一氧化碳含量,获得了成功。
本发明复合渗碳剂由互溶的煤油,醇和稀土元素组成,其成份为含煤油60~80%,醇20~40%和稀土元素0.3~0.6%(均按重量%),所说的醇含碳源子数最好是1~7,所说的稀土元素最好是铈和/或镧。本发明复合渗碳剂中的醇和稀土给煤油补充适当的氧,使其裂解组份中增加一氧化碳和裂解气氛的稳定,并且能降低煤油的过剩碳,使炉气组份中的甲烷(HH4)的含量保持适当值。稀土元素对提高渗碳速度有很大的作用,这是因为稀土元素易使工件表面氧化铁还原,洁净工件表面;稀土元素的渗碳入能降低晶界能,使奥氏体晶粒细化,在渗碳过程中由于晶粒细化,晶界增加,加速了碳原子在钢中的扩散;稀土元素的原子半径较大,它的渗入使渗层的点阵常数发生较大变化,这种点阵畸变有利于碳原子在畸变区的偏聚,而导致表面碳浓度提高,从而加速碳的扩散。本发明复合渗碳剂,可用于单液滴注渗碳,也可与甲醇双液共同滴注进行渗碳。
本发明的优点:
1.本复合渗碳剂裂解气氛中各组份含量波动小,成份稳定。
2.本复合渗碳剂渗碳速度快,较煤油渗剂提高渗碳速度10~15%。
3    本发明复合渗碳剂渗碳能力比煤油强,碳的可用量比煤油大,因此相同条件下,渗碳剂的消耗量小。
4.本发明复合渗碳剂,用于滴注式井式炉单因素可控渗碳,能保证碳势控制精度≤0.05%,在井式炉内单液或双液滴注渗碳,一氧化碳含量波动范围≤±1%,甲烷含量适当,碳黑沉积少。
5.本渗碳剂稳定,常温下久置无分解。
实施例1:
以本发明之复合渗碳剂,含煤油75%,异丙醇23~24%,正丁醇1%和稀土元素0.3%(均按重量%计)。
渗碳温度920℃,时间4小时
渗碳处理的钢号:20CrMnTi 20
渗层厚度:1.05mm(20CrMnTi)
0.75mm(20钢)
淬水后硬度:HRC60~62
渗碳炉:RJJ-75
滴量:120滴/分钟
实施例2:
以本发明复复合渗碳剂,含煤油80%,正丙醇17~18%,异丁醇2%,稀土元素0.6%(均按重量%计)。
渗碳温度920℃,时间5.5小时
渗碳处理的钢号:20CrMnTi    20Cr
渗层厚度:1.2mm(20CrMnTi)
1.1mm(20Cr)
淬水后硬度:HRC60~61
渗碳炉:RJJ-75
滴量:130滴/分钟
实施例3:
以本发明之复合渗碳剂,含煤油68~72%,异丙醇25~30%,异戊醇0.8~2%,稀土元素0.5%,(均按重量%计)。
渗碳温度920℃,时间4小时
渗碳处理钢号:20CrMnTi 15钢 12CrNi3
渗层厚度:1.1mm(20CrMnTi)
0.65mm(15钢)
0.94mm(12CrNi3
淬油(20号机油)后硬度:HRC58~60
渗碳炉:RJJ-60
滴量:甲醇    130滴/分钟
氧探头探势控制精度≤0.05%
实施例4:
以本发明之复合渗碳剂,含煤油78%,正丙醇20%,正戊醇1.7%和稀土元素0.3%(均按重量计%),将其先在裂解炉内,于920℃裂解温度下裂解,与氮气按1∶2的比例混合后送至ZDJ-1000真空离子渗碳炉内,渗碳温度1000℃,时间小时,渗碳处理的钢号为20CrMnTi,渗层厚度1.125mm。
本发明复合渗碳剂的包装、标志、贮存、运输、交货验收等均按ZBJ36。

Claims (3)

1、一种复合渗碳剂,其特征是由互溶的煤油,醇和稀土元素组成,其中含煤油60~80%,醇类20~40%和稀土元素0.3~0.6%(均按重量%)。
2、按照权利要求1所述的复合渗碳剂,其特征是所说的醇含碳原子数最好是1~7。
3、按照权利要求1所述的复合渗碳剂,其特征是所说的稀土元素最好是铈和/或镧。
CN88107570A 1989-03-04 1989-03-04 一种复合渗碳剂 Expired CN1010788B (zh)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003006700A1 (fr) * 2001-07-09 2003-01-23 Langen Li Cocatalyseur de traitement thermique d'atmosphere, procede pour son application, procede de traitement thermique et atmosphere thermotraitee a l'aide de ce cocatalyseur
CN103757584A (zh) * 2014-01-27 2014-04-30 内蒙古科技大学 一种稀土催渗表面耐磨Fe-W合金的制备方法
CN103757583A (zh) * 2014-01-27 2014-04-30 内蒙古科技大学 一种表面强化Fe-W合金的制备方法
CN105483604A (zh) * 2015-12-30 2016-04-13 武汉材料保护研究所 一种提高奥氏体不锈钢低温气体渗碳速度的催渗方法
CN113943161A (zh) * 2021-11-25 2022-01-18 王耀民 一种Ti(BCN)粉末及其制备方法

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003006700A1 (fr) * 2001-07-09 2003-01-23 Langen Li Cocatalyseur de traitement thermique d'atmosphere, procede pour son application, procede de traitement thermique et atmosphere thermotraitee a l'aide de ce cocatalyseur
CN103757584A (zh) * 2014-01-27 2014-04-30 内蒙古科技大学 一种稀土催渗表面耐磨Fe-W合金的制备方法
CN103757583A (zh) * 2014-01-27 2014-04-30 内蒙古科技大学 一种表面强化Fe-W合金的制备方法
CN103757583B (zh) * 2014-01-27 2015-12-09 内蒙古科技大学 一种表面强化Fe-W合金的制备方法
CN103757584B (zh) * 2014-01-27 2016-08-17 内蒙古科技大学 一种稀土催渗表面耐磨Fe-W合金的制备方法
CN105483604A (zh) * 2015-12-30 2016-04-13 武汉材料保护研究所 一种提高奥氏体不锈钢低温气体渗碳速度的催渗方法
CN105483604B (zh) * 2015-12-30 2018-02-13 武汉材料保护研究所 一种提高奥氏体不锈钢低温气体渗碳速度的催渗方法
CN113943161A (zh) * 2021-11-25 2022-01-18 王耀民 一种Ti(BCN)粉末及其制备方法

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