CN103616917A - Low-dropout voltage stabilizer with reduced quiescent currents - Google Patents
Low-dropout voltage stabilizer with reduced quiescent currents Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-dropout voltage stabilizer with reduced quiescent currents. The low-dropout voltage stabilizer with the reduced quiescent currents comprises a transmission triode circuit, wherein the transmission triode circuit is arranged between the positive end of a power supply and the voltage stabilization output end. According to the transmission triode circuit, a first switch triode is used for transmitting base currents of a triode to the voltage stabilization output end, a second switch triode is used for transmitting the base currents of the triode to a grounded end, a control circuit is used for selecting the working mode of the triode, and then a transmission route of the base currents is selected.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of improved stabilizator structure.In fact, can on any electronic equipment, find the application of voltage stabilizer.Voltage stabilizer include an input end with an earth terminal for being connected with input voltage source, and make output terminal keep constant voltage stabilizing output.
Background technology:
A voltage stabilizer can be designed as positive voltage voltage stabilizer or negative voltage voltage stabilizer.For simplicity, the present invention will only describe the situation as positive voltage voltage stabilizer.Yet those skilled in the art can know how to design negative voltage voltage stabilizer---by the triode of reverse voltage polarity and use opposite types.
In positive voltage voltage stabilizer, input voltage V
iNmust be greater than required output voltage V
oUT, wherein the increment of voltage is referred to as " pressure reduction ".If V
iNtoo low, voltage stabilizer cannot drive V so
oUTreach required output voltage.If V
iNreduce, so V
oUTsame reduction.
Low voltage difference is very important, for example, in the equipment of battery supply source, when cell voltage reduces, need to keep V
oUTat required voltage.In low-dropout regulator now, pressure reduction can be very low, for example 500 millivolts.
Quiescent current may be defined as the electric current flowing out from input end, and this electric current does not appear at the electric current that output terminal provides.Quiescent current flows to earth terminal from voltage regulator circuit.Because quiescent current does not act on effective output, so need to make efforts, quiescent current is reduced.A larger Static Electro fails to be convened for lack of a quorum and reduces battery for the serviceable life of source device.In other application, a larger Static Electro fails to be convened for lack of a quorum and causes higher power attenuation and make voltage stabilizer overheated.In quiescent current voltage stabilizer now, at output current, be that under 500 milliamperes, quiescent current can be reduced to 50 milliamperes.
Fig. 1 shown one in this field the structural drawing of known low voltage difference low quiescent current voltage stabilizer.With reference to figure 1, input voltage V
iNbe applied between input end 10 and earth terminal 11.Voltage stabilizing output voltage V
oUTat output terminal 12, by driving triode 14 to control transmission triode 13, produce output voltage.Drive triode 14 to be encouraged by error amplifier 16, error amplifier 16 is by the voltage V of comparison reference voltage end 17
rEFand output voltage V
oUTthrough the dividing potential drop of resistance 18 and 19, control and drive triode 14.
Especially, drive triode 14 to comprise two collectors 8 and 9.The first collector 8 is in triode inner loop around base stage and emitter, and the second collector 9 is around the first collector 8 conversely.In general operation, the base current that the first collector 8 conducts described triode by diode 15 is to output end of pressure-stabilizing 12.In this way, quiescent current is minimized.This be because quiescent current principal ingredient---the base current of triode 13 returns to output end of pressure-stabilizing.
The second collector 9 is at input voltage V
iNbe reduced to close to output voltage V
oUTin time, starts working.When transmission triode 13 reduces with the pressure reduction that drives the lead-out terminal of triode 14, the transmissibility of triode reduces.When triode has an enough little voltage drop, just claim that triode is saturated, this is cannot keep electric current to flow through triode because the voltage difference at the two ends of triode is too low.When keeping enough preposition bias voltages, so that diode 15 during to output terminal 12 conducting, first the first collector 8 reaches capacity.
The saturated permission electric current streamline of the first collector 8 is outside---around the second collector.Electric current can continue to flow to the second collector 9 until the second collector is connected to earth terminal, and now its voltage lower than output terminal 12.This lasting current lead-through allows voltage stabilizer slowly to operate, and for lower V
iN, voltage V before pressure reduction produces
oUTmust reduce simultaneously.But, it should be noted that at electric current and continue conduction period, because electric current imports earth terminal rather than returns to output terminal 12, the effect that quiescent current reduces can be weakened.
At the first collector 8, occur saturatedly, and the second collector 9 starts effect, and the point that quiescent current increases simultaneously can be by following description:
V
IN-V
OUT＝V
BE13+V
SAT14+V
DIODE15
Wherein:
V
iN=input voltage.
V
oUT=voltage stabilizing output voltage.
V
bEthe base stage of 13=transmission triode 13 is fallen to emitter voltage.
V
dIODEthe forward bias diode drop of 15=diode 15.
Because diode 15 can have alternate manner structure, for example use the base emitter junction of a triode, the base emitter drop of this triode or diode drop can be appointed as V so
bE.Therefore, the circuit of Fig. 1 can be subject to working as V
iNto V
oUTvoltage difference is 2*V
bE+ V
sATtime the impact of quiescent current of increase.
Expectation, for lower input voltage V
iNless V
iNwith V
oUTdifference, still have lasting quiescent current to reduce, and can preset the voltage that guiding path changes.Same expectation, realizes this improved operation, can not be confined to the intrinsic manufacturing characteristics of the driving triode 14 of two collector structures.Still expectation, the present invention can provide the mulitpath of the base current conducting that makes transmission transistor.
Summary of the invention:
First object of the present invention is that a kind of structure of the improved low-dropout regulator reducing with quiescent current is provided.Second object of the present invention is to expand the scope of quiescent current reduction to lower input voltage V
iNless V
iNwith V
oUTdifference.The 3rd object of the present invention is the voltage difference in the time of can controlling the guiding path variation reducing when quiescent current to be provided, and many guiding paths can be provided.
Technical solution of the present invention:
These or other object is achieved as follows.A transmission triode makes input end to output terminal conducting by coupling.The first switch makes the base current that transmits triode be conducting to output terminal by coupling.Second switch makes the base current that transmits triode be conducting to earth terminal by coupling.The action of a control circuit gauge tap, to select the guiding path of base current.
When the guiding path to output terminal provides quiescent current to reduce, conventionally select the first switch.If input voltage declines, will select second switch, thereby obtain low voltage difference to be provided to the lasting conducting of earth terminal.Although can select two switch conductions, be preferably in a time only to select a switch simultaneously.
In concrete enforcement, the first and second positive-negative-positives drive triode to be connected to the base stage of a positive-negative-positive triode.These drive triode to be controlled by the complementary output of the differential amplifier of an emitter-coupled.The input of differential amplifier monitors the difference of input voltage and output voltage and reference voltage.
In general input voltage and the larger operation of voltage stabilizing output voltage difference, described first drives triode to be activated, so that the base current of transmission triode turns back to output end of pressure-stabilizing, thereby the quiescent current obtaining is reduced.
If input voltage reduces and pressure reduction produces, described differential amplifier activates the second driving triode, and the base current of transmission triode is conducting to earth terminal, thereby continues conducting to obtain low voltage difference.
This differential amplifier can be preset the electrical voltage point that base current guiding path switches by biasing.In an effective structure, the first input end of differential amplifier is coupled to the voltage source of following input voltage.The second input end of differential amplifier is followed the output voltage of particular value by the pressure drop of default diode, thereby control differential amplifier, switch the magnitude of voltage while selecting guiding path.
A concrete circuit structure allows quiescent current to reduce and last till a lower input voltage, for example a V
bE, and this value is below the level of known technology.The minimizing of this electric current can improve the battery supply set mission life of (comprising voltage modulator circuit of the present invention) greatly.
Contrast patent documentation: CN202067171U low pressure difference linear voltage regulator 201120123290.0, CN202351727U low pressure difference linear voltage regulator 201120434927.8
Accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the Voltagre regulator of a low voltage difference as known in the art and low quiescent current.
Fig. 2 shows according to the schematic diagram of the low-dropout regulator reducing with quiescent current of the present invention.
Embodiment:
Fig. 2 shows according to the schematic diagram of the low-dropout regulator reducing with quiescent current of the present invention.
Input voltage V
iNbe applied between positive supply (input terminal 20) and negative supply (ground terminal 22).By the conducting effect of transmission triode 26, voltage stabilizing output voltage V
oUTat lead-out terminal 24.
In the example of this positive voltage voltage stabilizer, ground terminal can be connected to the voltage of a plus or minus, as long as it remains negative with respect to input terminal voltage.
Preferably an emitter-coupled is to input terminal 20 for transmission triode 26, and collector coupled is to the positive-negative-positive triode of output end of pressure-stabilizing 24.Transmission triode 26 preferably has high-power dissipation capabilities.In specific implementation, transmission triode 26 can be an independent triode in integrated circuit outside that comprises other circuit.
First drives triode 28 as the first switch, and it makes the base stage of transmission transistor 26 be coupled to output end of pressure-stabilizing 24.First drives triode 28 to be preferably an emitter-coupled to the base stage of transmission triode 26, and collector coupled is to the positive-negative-positive triode of output end of pressure-stabilizing 24.
Second drives triode 30 as second switch, and it makes the base stage of transmitting triode 26 be coupled to earth terminal.Second drives triode to be preferably one has emitter, and emitter-coupled is to the base stage of transmission triode 26, and collector coupled is to the positive-negative-positive triode of earth terminal.
These elements can change.Positive-negative-positive triode can be replaced by the transistor of other types, but the change that need to have suitable polarity to be connected with circuit.The number of transmission triode can increase, to improve power dissipation.Can use the extra driving triode that is connected to different circuit node, so that the extra guiding path base current to transmission triode to be provided.
In broad terms, remaining shown in circuit as control circuit, it monitors input voltage V
iNwith voltage stabilizing output voltage V
oUT, and select the first driving triode 28 or second to drive triode 30 conductings.
As input voltage V
iNwith voltage stabilizing output voltage V
oUTdifference during higher than pressure reduction, first drives the guiding path of the base current of triode 28 and corresponding transmission triode 26 to activate.As input voltage V
iNbe reduced to and approach and voltage stabilizing output voltage V
oUTtime, second drives the second guiding path of the base current of triode 30 and corresponding transmission triode 26 to activate.
A kind of preferred enforcement also comprises a differential amplifier 40, and it monitors the first reference voltage 60 and the second reference voltage 70; And an error amplifier 80, its monitoring voltage stabilizing output voltage V
oUT.
This differential amplifier 40 has first input end 42, the second input end 44 and a complementary output (comprising the first output 46 and the second output 48).First input end 42 is coupled to the first reference voltage 60.The second input end 44 is coupled to the second reference voltage 70.The base stage of the first driving triode 28 and the base stage of the second driving triode 30 are coupled to respectively in first complementary output the 46 and second output 48.
The first reference voltage 60 is followed input voltage V
iNselect.Particularly, by triode 62 and resistor 64, form a suitable reference voltage 60.The collector of triode 62 is connected to input voltage, and base stage is connected to two diodes (for example driving the base stage of triode 28) below input voltage, and emitter is connected to the first input end 42 of differential amplifier 40 by resistor 64.In this way, bias current passes through triode 62 and resistor 64 from input voltage, and makes resistor 64 two ends produce voltage drops.Can use a little current sink 66 to make this bias current pass into earth terminal.
In operation, the first reference electricity 60 can remain on the voltage V of differential amplifier 40 first input ends 42
42, make it lower than input voltage V
iNbe three V
bEthe pressure drop V of voltage drop and resistance 64
r.Particularly, the voltage of first input end 42 can be described as:
V
42=V
IN-V
BE26-V
BE28-V
BE62-V
R
Wherein:
V
42the voltage of the first input end 42 of=differential amplifier 40.
V
iNthe input voltage of=input end 20.
V
bEthe base stage of 26=transmission triode 26 is to the diode drop of emitter.
V
bEthe base stage of 28=transmission triode 28 is to the diode drop of emitter.
V
bEthe base stage of 62=transmission triode 62 is to the diode drop of emitter.
V
rthe voltage drop at=resistor 64 two ends.
Therefore,, by selecting the size of resistance 64, can preset different voltage V
42.
The second described reference voltage 70 selects to be used for following the output voltage V of output end of pressure-stabilizing 24
oUT.Particularly, can make by the diode 72 and 74 of two series connection the second input end 44 of differential amplifier be coupled to voltage stabilizing output voltage terminal V
oUT, form a suitable voltage source.These two diodes are adjusted to remain on the voltage of the second input end 44, and it is equaled lower than voltage stabilizing output voltage V
oUTtwo forward bias diode drops.In addition, with a little current sink 76, keep bias current to pass through the knot 72 and 74 of two diodes.
In operation, described the second reference voltage 70 remains on the voltage V of differential amplifier 40 second input ends 44
44voltage lower than voltage stabilizing output voltage V
oUTit is the voltage drop of two diodes.Particularly, the voltage of the second input end 44 can be described as:
V
44＝V
OUT-V
DIODE72-V
DIODE74
Wherein:
V
44the voltage of the second input end 44 of=differential amplifier 40.
V
oUTthe voltage stabilizing output voltage of=output terminal 24.
V
dIODEthe pressure drop of 72=diode 72.
V
dIODEthe pressure drop of 74=diode 74.
Voltage V when the first input end 42 of differential amplifier 40
42higher than the voltage V of the second input end above
44, the first output terminal 46 will be activated so.Voltage V when the second input end 44 of differential amplifier 40
44voltage V higher than first input end
42, the second output terminal 48 will be activated so.In Fig. 2 circuit, the input voltage V when output switches
iNwith output voltage V
oUTdifference, can be described below:
V
IN-V
OUT＝V
BE26+V
BE28+V
BE62+V
R+V
BE50-V
BE52-V
DIODE74
-V
DIODE72
Suppose all V
bEand V
dIODEpressure drop all equate, this switched voltage can be approximated to be so:
V
IN＝V
OUT＝V
BE+V
R
Particularly, in order to obtain a kind of structure that quiescent current reduces under low-down input voltage, the pressure drop V of resistance 64 can be set
rapproximate the saturation voltage that drives triode 28.This makes for input voltage V
iNwith output voltage V
oUTdifference equal V
bE+ V
sAT, still provide quiescent current to reduce.This V
bEpressure drop lower than the level in known technology.Therefore, quiescent current reduction is continued until a lower input voltage, and voltage regulation performance can be because pressure reduction disappears like this.
By selecting the pressure drop V of resistor 64
rvalue, it provides a voltage drop to be less than the saturation voltage that drives triode 28, but does not provide quiescent current to reduce to lower input voltage.This is because voltage difference is V
bE+ V
sATtime, drive triode 28 by saturated, and electric current can not pass through its conducting.Therefore, importantly, selection is passed through to drive the guiding path of triode 30 but not is driven triode 28.
When the difference of input voltage and output voltage drops to lower than V
bE+ V
sATtime, differential amplifier 40 will be as mentioned above to activate the second driving triode 30.Operation will be proceeded, and make the base current that transmits triode 26 be conducting to earth terminal by the second driving triode 30.This lasting conducting, for lower input voltage, allows the running time of voltage stabilizer slightly long, and before pressure reduction produces, output voltage must decline simultaneously.
Error amplifier 80 carrys out comparison the 3rd reference voltage 82 and voltage stabilizing output voltage V by connection
oUTby the dividing potential drop of voltage divider, resistor 84 and 86 for example.By the output of coupling error amplifier 80, control the emitter current that differential amplifier switches, for example, the emitter current terminal 54 of differential amplifier 40 is coupled in the output of differential amplifier 80 by triode 88.In this mode, the control being provided by error amplifier 80, drives triode with differential amplifier 40 actings in conjunction to activate.Certainly, error amplifier 80 can be controlled driving triode independently.
In operation, need voltage stabilizing output voltage V
oUTdecline, error amplifier 80 flows through differential amplifier 40 by work to increase emitter current, and activate drive triode 28 and 30 one of them, thereby increase the conducting of transmission triode 26, and raising voltage stabilizing output voltage V
oUT.
In this example, a kind of circuit structure reducing with respect to the quiescent current under the lower input voltage of prior art has been described.Obviously, described reference voltage can be modified, so that the different voltages while driving triode to switch to be provided.Another kind of changing method can drop to lower than particular level by monitoring input voltage, rather than with differential amplifier, detects the difference of voltage.
In other alternate example, can use diverse ways to set up reference voltage.In different voltage ranges, different reference voltages and the voltage threshold of switching can be set.In addition, it will be clear that under other specific operating conditions, can take suitable switching action.
Change in specifically described example and modification, can not depart from the scope of the present invention interior realization, and the present invention is only limited to following claim.
Claims (8)
1. the low-dropout regulator that a quiescent current reduces, it is characterized in that: voltage regulator circuit comprises an input end, an earth terminal, an output terminal, described circuit comprises: a transmission triode, and its emitter-coupled is to input end, collector coupled to output terminal; The first switch triode, makes the base stage of above-mentioned triode be coupled to output terminal; Second switch triode, makes the base stage of above-mentioned triode be coupled to earth terminal; A differential amplifier, it comprises the first input and is coupled to output terminal, the output that the input end of described circuit, the second input be coupled to circuit and is coupled to the first and second above-mentioned switch triodes, and this differential amplifier selects to activate the first switch or second switch work according to the input-output voltage of voltage stabilizer is poor.
2. the low-dropout regulator that a kind of quiescent current according to claim 1 reduces, is characterized in that: the first switch comprises a driving triode that makes described transistor base be coupled to output terminal; Second switch comprises a driving triode that makes described transistor base be coupled to earth terminal; Differential amplifier the input end of the first input by a voltage source and voltage regulator circuit be coupled so that its voltage equals input terminal voltage; The second input of differential amplifier is coupled by the diode of two series connection and the output terminal of voltage regulator circuit; Differential amplifier also comprises the first and second outputs, is coupled respectively and controls two switches with the first and second switch triodes.
3. the low-dropout regulator that a kind of quiescent current according to claim 1 reduces, it is characterized in that: a kind of low voltage difference mu balanced circuit reducing with quiescent current, it comprises positive and negative power supply terminal and the output end of pressure-stabilizing being connected with working voltage source, circuit comprises: a transmission triode, and its emitter-coupled is to described positive power terminal, collector coupled to output end of pressure-stabilizing; The first driver, makes base stage and the output end of pressure-stabilizing coupling of described triode; The second driver, makes base stage and the negative power source terminal coupling of described triode; An error amplifier (comprising the first and second inputs, an output), the output end of pressure-stabilizing of described circuit is coupled in its first input, and reference voltage is coupled in the second input, and output is controlled emitter current and is flowed into the emitter differential amplifier of coupling mutually.
4. the low-dropout regulator that a kind of quiescent current according to claim 3 reduces, is characterized in that: described is positive-negative-positive triode by triode; Each self-contained positive-negative-positive triode of the first and second described drivers; The first described voltage source is used to provide the voltage of positive power terminal: second voltage source is used for keeping equating with output end of pressure-stabilizing voltage; Second voltage source is coupled by diode and the output end of pressure-stabilizing of two series connection.
5. the low-dropout regulator that a kind of quiescent current according to claim 1 reduces, it is characterized in that: a kind of low voltage difference mu balanced circuit reducing with quiescent current, it comprises positive and negative power supply terminal and the output end of pressure-stabilizing being connected with working voltage source, circuit comprises: a positive-negative-positive transmission triode, and its base stage is coupled to described positive power terminal, collector coupled to described output end of pressure-stabilizing; First positive-negative-positive drives triode, and base stage, collector coupled that its base stage is coupled to described transmission triode arrive described output end of pressure-stabilizing; Second positive-negative-positive drives triode, and base stage, collector coupled that its base stage is coupled to described transmission triode arrive described negative power source terminal; A the one NPN type triode, its emitter-coupled arrives the base stage of described the first driving triode to (the right base stage of this difference triode is coupled to the voltage that the first reference voltage is followed positive power terminal), collector coupled to difference triode; A the 2nd NPN type triode, its emitter-coupled arrives the base stage of described the second driving transistors to (the right base stage of this difference triode is coupled to the voltage that the second reference voltage is followed output end of pressure-stabilizing), collector coupled to difference triode; An error amplifier, it has anti-phase and non-inverting input and an output terminal, and inverting input is coupled to described output end of pressure-stabilizing, non-inverting input is coupled to the 3rd reference voltage, and output terminal is coupled to described emitter the first and second transistorized emitters of the difference triode centering of coupling mutually.
6. the low-dropout regulator that a kind of quiescent current according to claim 5 reduces, is characterized in that: circuit also comprises by selecting positive power terminal to other guiding path of the voltage drop of output end of pressure-stabilizing; The method of operation low-dropout regulator, also comprises the standby guiding path that keeps the selected voltage drop from positive power terminal to output end of pressure-stabilizing of a basis.
7. the low-dropout regulator that a kind of quiescent current according to claim 1 reduces, is characterized in that: operation comprises the following steps with the method at the voltage stabilizer between input end and earth terminal of output terminal: by transmission triode, construct a guiding path between input terminal and lead-out terminal; Make the base current of described transmission triode drive triode to be conducting to output terminal by one; The input end that connects differential amplifier between input end and output terminal, for detection of from described input end to the voltage difference to output terminal; Make the base current of described transmission triode be conducting to earth terminal according to the result of above-mentioned detecting step.
8. the low-dropout regulator that a kind of quiescent current according to claim 1 reduces, it is characterized in that: between positive and negative power supply terminal, realize the low-dropout regulator (voltage stabilizer contains an output end of pressure-stabilizing) reducing with quiescent current, comprise the following steps: between positive power terminal and output end of pressure-stabilizing, by transmission triode, construct a guiding path; By driving triode, control the base current of transmission triode; Activate the first path, make the base current of described transmission triode be conducting to output end of pressure-stabilizing; The input end of coupled differential amplifier between positive power terminal and output end of pressure-stabilizing, for detection of the voltage difference of positive power terminal and output end of pressure-stabilizing; According to the result of above-mentioned detecting step, activate the second path, make the base current of described transmission triode be conducting to negative power source terminal.
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|---|---|---|---|
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4906913A (en) * | 1989-03-15 | 1990-03-06 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Low dropout voltage regulator with quiescent current reduction |
| US4926109A (en) * | 1989-06-21 | 1990-05-15 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Low dropout voltage regulator with low common current |
| EP0735452A2 (en) * | 1995-03-28 | 1996-10-02 | STMicroelectronics, Inc. | Current-limit circuit |
| US5734206A (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1998-03-31 | Boss Control Inc. | Security power interrupt |
| US20090273323A1 (en) * | 2007-09-13 | 2009-11-05 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc | Series regulator with over current protection circuit |
-
2013
- 2013-11-26 CN CN201310613167.0A patent/CN103616917A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4906913A (en) * | 1989-03-15 | 1990-03-06 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Low dropout voltage regulator with quiescent current reduction |
| US4926109A (en) * | 1989-06-21 | 1990-05-15 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Low dropout voltage regulator with low common current |
| US5734206A (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1998-03-31 | Boss Control Inc. | Security power interrupt |
| EP0735452A2 (en) * | 1995-03-28 | 1996-10-02 | STMicroelectronics, Inc. | Current-limit circuit |
| US20090273323A1 (en) * | 2007-09-13 | 2009-11-05 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc | Series regulator with over current protection circuit |
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Application publication date: 20140305 |