CN103606750B - The accurate Yagi spark gap planar horn antenna of thin substrate phasing - Google Patents

Abstract

The thin-substrate phase-corrected quasi-Yagi planar horn antenna relates to a horn antenna. The antenna includes a microstrip feeder (2), a horn antenna (3) and multiple quasi Yagi antennas (4) on a dielectric substrate (1). The horn antenna (3) consists of a first metal plane (7), a second metal Composed of a plane (8) and two rows of metallized via-hole horn sidewalls (9), the horn antenna (3) has a metallized via-hole array (11) and a dielectric-filled waveguide (14), and the aperture of the horn antenna (3) On the surface (10), each dielectric-filled waveguide (14) is connected with a quasi-Yagi antenna (4) composed of an active vibrator (17) and a passive vibrator (18). Electromagnetic waves can reach the quasi-Yagi antenna in the same phase and then radiate, and the polarization direction of the radiation field is parallel to the substrate. The antenna can be fabricated using a thin substrate and has high gain, low cost and compact structure.

Description

Thin Substrate Phase-Corrected Quasi-Yagi Planar Horn Antenna

technical field

The invention relates to a horn antenna, in particular to a thin substrate phase-corrected quasi-Yagi planar horn antenna.

Background technique

Horn antennas are widely used in systems such as satellite communications, ground microwave links, and radio telescopes. However, the huge geometric size of the three-dimensional horn antenna restricts its application and development in planar circuits. In recent years, the proposal and development of substrate-integrated waveguide technology have greatly promoted the development of planar horn antennas. The substrate-integrated waveguide has the advantages of small size, light weight, easy integration and fabrication. The planar substrate-integrated waveguide horn antenna based on the planar substrate-integrated waveguide not only has the characteristics of the horn antenna, but also realizes the miniaturization and light weight of the horn antenna, and is easy to integrate in the microwave and millimeter-wave planar circuits. The traditional substrate-integrated waveguide planar horn antenna has a limitation. The thickness of the base plate of the antenna horn must be greater than one-tenth of the operating wavelength in order for the antenna to have better radiation performance. Otherwise, due to reflection, the energy in the antenna will not radiate out. This requires that the thickness of the antenna substrate should not be too thin, and it is very difficult to meet this requirement in lower frequency bands such as the L-band. A very thick substrate not only has a large volume and weight, which offsets the advantages of integration, but also increases the cost. In addition, the polarization direction of the radiation field of these antennas is generally perpendicular to the dielectric substrate, and some applications require the polarization of the radiation field to be parallel to the dielectric substrate. In some existing antennas, a patch is loaded in front of the planar horn antenna to improve the radiation of the thin-substrate planar horn antenna, but the size of the loaded patch is large and the working frequency band is narrow. In addition, the gain of the traditional substrate-integrated waveguide planar horn antenna is relatively low. The reason is that due to the continuous opening of the horn mouth, the phase is out of sync when the electromagnetic wave propagates to the horn aperture surface, and the radiation directivity and gain are reduced. At present, methods such as dielectric loading and dielectric prisms have been used to correct the horn aperture field, but these phase alignment structures increase the overall structural size of the antenna.

Contents of the invention

Technical problem: The purpose of this invention is to propose a thin substrate phase correction quasi-Yagi planar horn antenna. The polarization direction of the antenna radiation field is parallel to the dielectric substrate, which can be manufactured using a very thin dielectric substrate. The electrical thickness of the substrate is very small. In the thin case, it still has excellent radiation performance, and the planar horn antenna can correct the phase inconsistency of electromagnetic waves on the antenna aperture plane.

Technical solution: The thin substrate phase correction quasi-Yagi planar horn antenna of the present invention is characterized in that the antenna includes a microstrip feeder arranged on a dielectric substrate, a substrate integrated horn antenna and a plurality of quasi-Yagi antennas; the microstrip feeder The first port of the antenna is the input and output port of the antenna, and the second port of the microstrip feeder is connected to the substrate-integrated horn antenna; the substrate-integrated horn antenna consists of a first metal plane located on one side of the dielectric substrate and a The second metal plane is composed of two rows of metallized via horn sidewalls passing through the dielectric substrate to connect the first metal plane and the second metal plane, and the width between the two rows of metallized via horn sidewalls of the substrate integrated horn antenna Gradually become larger, forming a horn-shaped opening, the end of the opening is the aperture surface of the substrate-integrated horn antenna; the substrate-integrated horn antenna has an array of metallized vias connecting the first metal plane and the second metal plane, and the metallized vias The head end of the array is inside the substrate integrated horn antenna, and the tail end of the metallized via hole array is on the aperture surface of the substrate integrated horn antenna; two adjacent metallized via hole arrays, or a metallized via hole array A row of metallized through-hole horn side walls adjacent to it form a dielectric-filled waveguide with the first metal plane and the second metal plane, and a quasi-Yagi antenna is connected to each dielectric-filled waveguide outside the aperture plane.

The conduction band of the microstrip feeder is connected to the first metal plane, and the ground plane of the microstrip feeder is connected to the second metal plane.

The width of the dielectric-filled waveguide is such that electromagnetic waves can propagate through it without being blocked.

In the metallized via hole array, adjust the distance between two adjacent metallized via hole arrays, or adjust the distance between a row of metallized via hole arrays and the metallized via hole on the side wall of the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna , the width of the medium-filled waveguide can be changed, and then the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the medium-filled waveguide (14) can be adjusted, so that the phase distribution of the electromagnetic wave reaching the aperture surface is more uniform.

In the metallized via array, changing the length of one or more rows of the metallized via array can change the length of the corresponding medium-filled waveguide, so that the phase distribution of the electromagnetic wave reaching the aperture surface is more uniform.

Each quasi-Yagi antenna consists of an active oscillator and one or several passive oscillators; the active oscillator has a first radiating arm and a second radiating arm on both sides of the dielectric substrate, and the first radiating arm of the quasi-Yagi antenna active oscillator The arm is connected to the first metal plane of the substrate-integrated horn antenna, the second radiating arm of the quasi-Yagi antenna active oscillator is connected to the second metal plane of the substrate-integrated horn antenna, and the first radiating arm of each quasi-Yagi antenna active oscillator The arm and the second radiating arm extend in opposite directions; the passive oscillator can be located on any side or both sides of the dielectric substrate.

In the side wall of the metallized via hole horn and the metallized via hole array, the distance between two adjacent metallized via holes should be less than or equal to one-tenth of the working wavelength, so that the formed metallized via hole horn side wall and metal The via array can be equivalent to an electric wall.

In the dielectric-filled waveguide, the propagation phase velocity of the main mode (TE10 mode) of the electromagnetic wave is related to the width of the dielectric-filled waveguide. The wider the dielectric-filled waveguide, the lower the phase velocity of the main mode propagation; conversely, the wider the dielectric-filled waveguide Narrower, the higher the phase velocity of the main mode propagation. The electromagnetic wave is input from one end of the microstrip feeder, and enters the substrate-integrated waveguide horn antenna through the other end of the microstrip feeder. After propagating for a certain distance, it encounters a metallized via hole array, and then enters each medium-filled waveguide for transmission.

The phase distribution of electromagnetic waves on the antenna aperture plane is mainly determined by the length and width of each dielectric-filled waveguide. Adjusting the distance between adjacent metallized via hole arrays can adjust the width of the dielectric-filled waveguide, and then the electromagnetic wave can be adjusted in each The relative phase velocity of the dielectric waveguide transmission; adjusting the length of the metallized via hole array is equivalent to adjusting the length of the dielectric-filled waveguide, so that the electromagnetic waves passing through each dielectric-filled waveguide reach the aperture surface of the antenna in the same phase, so that on the antenna aperture surface The phase of each dielectric-filled waveguide port is the same.

The phase distribution of electromagnetic waves on the antenna aperture surface can be controlled in the above-mentioned manner. If the electromagnetic waves transmitted through each medium-filled waveguide reach the antenna aperture surface in the same phase, and then enter each quasi-Yagi antenna radiation in the same phase, the polarization direction of the radiation field will also be The horizontal direction is close to parallel to the substrate, which not only enables the entire antenna to have excellent radiation performance in the case of an electrically thin substrate, but also achieves the purpose of improving the aperture efficiency and gain of the antenna. Moreover, the quasi-Yagi antenna is equivalent to a linear array in the main radiation direction and has high gain. Therefore, compared with ordinary planar horn antennas, this antenna has high gain.

Since there are multiple metallized via hole arrays to divide the aperture surface of the antenna into many small aperture surfaces, the size of the quasi-Yagi antenna connected to each small aperture surface can be made very small, so that the antenna has a compact structure and a small size. The increase is very small.

From the feed microstrip line to the quasi-Yagi antenna, the antenna is a closed substrate integrated waveguide structure, so the feed loss is small.

Similarly, a specific phase distribution can also be realized on the aperture plane of the antenna as required.

Beneficial effect: the beneficial effect of the thin substrate phase correction quasi-Yagi planar horn antenna of the present invention is that the polarization direction of the antenna radiation field is parallel to the dielectric substrate; the antenna can use a dielectric substrate with a thickness lower than 2 percent of the wavelength Manufactured, the thickness of the substrate is far lower than one-tenth of the wavelength required by the usual planar horn antenna, and it still has excellent radiation performance when the electrical thickness of the substrate is very thin. For example, at 6GHz frequency, epoxy resin material substrate is used The thickness of the horn antenna can be reduced from 2.5mm to 0.5mm, thereby greatly reducing the size, weight and cost; and the planar horn antenna is embedded with a metallized via array to correct the phase inconsistency of the electromagnetic wave on the antenna aperture surface, and the gain of the antenna is high. Compact structure, small feed loss.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a thin-substrate phase-corrected quasi-Yagi planar horn antenna of the present invention.

In the figure, there are: dielectric substrate 1, microstrip feeder 2, substrate integrated horn antenna 3, quasi-Yagi antenna array 4; first port 5 of microstrip feeder 2, second port 6 of microstrip feeder 2, and dielectric substrate 1 The first metal plane 7, the second metal plane 8 of the dielectric substrate 1, the metallized via hole horn side wall 9, the aperture surface 10 of the antenna 3, the metallized via hole array 11, the head end 12 of the metallized via hole array 11, The tail end 13 of the metallized via hole array 11, the dielectric filled waveguide 14, the conduction band 15 of the microstrip feeder 2, the ground plane 16 of the microstrip feeder 2, the active oscillator 17, the passive oscillator 18, the first radiation arm 19 and The second radiating arm 20 .

detailed description

The embodiment that the present invention adopts is: the thin substrate phase correction quasi-Yagi planar horn antenna includes the microstrip feeder 2 that is arranged on the dielectric substrate 1, the substrate integrated horn antenna 3 and a plurality of quasi-Yagi antennas 4; The first port 5 of the feeder 2 is the input and output port of the antenna, and the second port 6 of the microstrip feeder 2 is connected to the substrate-integrated horn antenna 3; The plane 7, the second metal plane 8 located on the other side of the dielectric substrate 1, and two rows of metallized via-hole horn sidewalls 9 passing through the dielectric substrate 1 to connect the first metal plane 7 and the second metal plane 8, the substrate integrates the horn The width between the horn side walls 9 of the two rows of metallized via holes of the antenna 3 gradually increases to form a horn-shaped opening, and the end of the opening is the aperture surface 10 of the substrate-integrated horn antenna 3; the substrate-integrated horn antenna 3 has The metallized via array 11 connects the first metal plane 7 and the second metal plane 8, the head end 12 of the metallized via array 11 is inside the substrate integrated horn antenna 3, and the tail end 13 of the metallized via array 11 is inside the substrate. On the aperture surface 10 of the chip integrated horn antenna 3; two adjacent metallized via hole arrays 11, or a row of metallized via hole horn sidewalls 9 adjacent to a metallized via hole array 11, and the first The metal plane 7 and the second metal plane 8 form a dielectric-filled waveguide 14, and each dielectric-filled waveguide 14 is connected with a quasi-Yagi antenna 4 outside the aperture plane 10.

The conduction strip 15 of the microstrip feeder 2 is in contact with the first metal plane 7 , and the ground plane 16 of the microstrip feeder 2 is in contact with the second metal plane 8 .

The width of the dielectric-filled waveguide 14 is such that electromagnetic waves can propagate therein without being blocked.

In the metallized via hole array 11, adjust the distance between two adjacent metallized via hole arrays 11, or adjust the metallized via hole between one row of metallized via hole arrays 11 and the side wall of the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna 3 The distance between 9 can change the width of the medium-filled waveguide 14, and then adjust the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the medium-filled waveguide 14, so that the phase distribution of the electromagnetic wave reaching the aperture surface 10 is more uniform.

In the metallized via array 11 , changing the length of one or more columns of the metallized via array 11 can change the length of the corresponding dielectric-filled waveguide 14 , so that the phase distribution of the electromagnetic waves arriving at the aperture surface 10 is more uniform.

Each quasi-Yagi antenna 4 is composed of an active oscillator 17 and one or several passive oscillators 18; the active oscillator 17 has a first radiating arm 19 and a second radiating arm 20 on both sides of the dielectric substrate 1, and the quasi-Yagi antenna 4 The first radiating arm 19 of the active vibrator 17 is connected to the first metal plane 7 of the substrate-integrated horn antenna 3, and the quasi-Yagi antenna 4 The second radiating arm 20 of the active vibrator 17 is connected to the second metal plane 7 of the substrate-integrated horn antenna 3. The metal planes 8 are connected, and the first radiating arm 19 and the second radiating arm 20 of the active oscillator 17 of each quasi-Yagi antenna 4 extend in opposite directions; the passive oscillator 18 can be located on any side or both sides of the dielectric substrate 1 .

In the metallized via hole horn side wall 9 and the metallized via hole array 11, the distance between two adjacent metallized via holes should be less than or equal to one-tenth of the working wavelength, so that the formed metallized via hole The horn side wall 9 and the metallized via hole array 11 can be equivalent to electrical walls.

During design, adjusting the phase of the electromagnetic wave arriving at the antenna aperture surface 10 is mainly by adjusting the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave in the dielectric-filled waveguide 14 and the length of the dielectric-filled waveguide 14, so it is necessary to change the width of the dielectric-filled waveguide 14, so it is necessary to adjust the metallization The position and length of the via array 11.

In terms of technology, the thin-substrate phase-corrected quasi-Yagi planar horn antenna can be realized by either ordinary printed circuit board (PCB) technology, low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology or integrated circuit technology such as CMOS and Si substrates. The metallized via hole can be a hollow metal via hole or a solid metal hole, or a continuous metallized wall, and the shape of the metal via hole can be circular, square or other shapes.

In terms of structure, according to the same principle, the number of metallized via hole arrays 11 can be increased or decreased, and then the number and size of quasi-Yagi antennas 4 can be changed, as long as the dielectric-filled waveguide 14 can transmit the main mode. Since the closer to the metallized via sidewall 9 of the antenna, the farther the electromagnetic wave travels to the antenna aperture surface 10, the distance from the metallized via sidewall 9 The width of the closer dielectric-filled waveguide 14 is relatively narrow to obtain a higher phase velocity of electromagnetic wave transmission. The shape of the metallized via hole array 11 may be a straight line, a zigzag line or other curves.

According to the above, the present invention can be realized.

Claims (6)

1. the accurate Yagi spark gap planar horn antenna of thin substrate phasing, is characterized in that this antenna comprises the microstrip feed line (2) be arranged on medium substrate (1), the integrated horn antenna of substrate (3) and multiple Quasi-Yagi antenna (4); First port (5) of described microstrip feed line (2) is the input/output port of this antenna, and second port (6) of microstrip feed line (2) connects with the integrated horn antenna of substrate (3); The integrated horn antenna of substrate (3) to be connected the first metal flat (7) and the second metal flat (8) by the first metal flat (7) being positioned at medium substrate (1) one side, the second metal flat (8) of being positioned at medium substrate (1) another side two rows with through medium substrate (1) via hole trumpet side walls (9) that metallizes forms, width between two rows' metallization via hole trumpet side walls (9) of the integrated horn antenna of substrate (3) becomes large gradually, form one tubaeformly to dehisce, the end of dehiscing is the bore face (10) of the integrated horn antenna of substrate (3); Metallization arrays of vias (11) is had to connect the first metal flat (7) and the second metal flat (8) in the integrated horn antenna of substrate (3), the head end (12) of metallization arrays of vias (11) is inner at the integrated horn antenna of substrate (3), and the tail end (13) of metallization arrays of vias (11) is on the bore face (10) of the integrated horn antenna of substrate (3); Row's metallization via hole trumpet side walls (9) that two adjacent metallization arrays of vias (11) or metallization arrays of vias (11) are adjacent, form dielectric-filled waveguide (14) with the first metal flat (7) and the second metal flat (8), bore face (10) outward each dielectric-filled waveguide (14) be connected to a Quasi-Yagi antenna (4) through the broadband line such as a section;

The thickness of medium substrate (1) lower than 2 percent wavelength;

Each Quasi-Yagi antenna (4) is made up of an active dipole (17), one or several parasitic element (18);

Active dipole (17) has the first radiation arm (19) and the second radiation arm (20) respectively on the two sides of medium substrate (1), first radiation arm (19) of Quasi-Yagi antenna (4) active dipole (17) is connected with first metal flat (7) of the integrated horn antenna of substrate (3), second radiation arm (20) of Quasi-Yagi antenna (4) active dipole (17) is connected with second metal flat (8) of the integrated horn antenna of substrate (3), first radiation arm (19) and second radiation arm (20) of each Quasi-Yagi antenna (4) active dipole (17) stretch in the opposite direction,

Parasitic element (18) is positioned at any one side of medium substrate (1) or two sides can.

2. the accurate Yagi spark gap planar horn antenna of thin substrate phasing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the conduction band (15) of microstrip feed line (2) connects with the first metal flat (7), the ground plane (16) of microstrip feed line (2) connects with the second metal flat (8).

3. the accurate Yagi spark gap planar horn antenna of thin substrate phasing according to claim 1, is characterized in that the width of dielectric-filled waveguide (14) will make electromagnetic wave to propagate and not to be cut off wherein.

4. the accurate Yagi spark gap planar horn antenna of thin substrate phasing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in described metallization arrays of vias (11), adjust the distance between adjacent two row metallization arrays of vias (11), or the distance that adjustment one row metallization arrays of vias (11) and substrate integration wave-guide horn antenna (3) metallize between via hole trumpet side walls (9), the width of dielectric-filled waveguide (14) can be changed, and then the phase velocity of adjustment Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in this dielectric-filled waveguide (14), make to arrive the upper electromagnetic PHASE DISTRIBUTION in bore face (10) evenly.

5. the accurate Yagi spark gap planar horn antenna of thin substrate phasing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in described metallization arrays of vias (11), the length changing row or multiple row metallization arrays of vias (11) can change the length that respective media fills waveguide (14), make to arrive the upper electromagnetic PHASE DISTRIBUTION in bore face (10) evenly.

6. the accurate Yagi spark gap planar horn antenna of thin substrate phasing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in described metallization via hole trumpet side walls (9) and metallization arrays of vias (11), the spacing of two adjacent metallization via holes is less than or equals 1/10th of operation wavelength, makes the metallization via hole trumpet side walls (9) of formation and metallization arrays of vias (11) can be equivalent to electric wall.