CN103594816B - Thin substrate phasing slot-line planar horn antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a planar horn antenna with thin substrate phase correction slot line and relates to a horn antenna. The antenna includes a microstrip feeder (2), a horn antenna (3) and a plurality of slot line horns (4) on a dielectric substrate (1). The horn antenna (3) consists of a first metal plane (7), a second metal Composed of a plane (8) and two rows of metallized via-hole horn sidewalls (9), the horn antenna (3) has a metallized via-hole array (11) and a dielectric-filled waveguide (14), and the aperture of the horn antenna (3) On the surface (10), each dielectric-filled waveguide (14) is connected with a slotted horn (4). Electromagnetic waves can reach the slotted speaker in the same phase and radiate, and the polarization of the radiation field is parallel to the substrate. The antenna can be fabricated using a thin substrate and has high gain, low cost and compact structure.

Description

Thin Substrate Phase Correction Slot Line Planar Horn Antenna

technical field

The present invention relates to a horn antenna, especially a planar horn antenna with thin substrate phase correction slot line.

Background technique

Horn antennas are widely used in systems such as satellite communications, ground microwave links, and radio telescopes. However, the huge geometric size of the three-dimensional horn antenna restricts its application and development in planar circuits. In recent years, the proposal and development of substrate-integrated waveguide technology have greatly promoted the development of planar horn antennas. The substrate-integrated waveguide has the advantages of small size, light weight, easy integration and fabrication. In addition to the characteristics of the horn antenna, the planar substrate-integrated waveguide horn antenna based on the planar substrate-integrated waveguide also realizes the miniaturization and light weight of the horn antenna, and is easy to integrate in the microwave and millimeter-wave planar circuits. The traditional substrate-integrated waveguide planar horn antenna has a limitation. The thickness of the base plate of the antenna horn must be greater than one-tenth of the operating wavelength, so that the antenna can have better radiation performance. Otherwise, due to reflection, the energy in the antenna will not radiate out. This requires that the thickness of the antenna substrate should not be too thin, and it is very difficult to meet this requirement in lower frequency bands such as the L-band. A very thick substrate not only has a large volume and weight, which offsets the advantages of integration, but also increases the cost. In addition, the polarization direction of the radiation field of these antennas is generally perpendicular to the dielectric substrate, and some applications require the polarization of the radiation field to be parallel to the dielectric substrate. In some existing antennas, a patch is loaded in front of the planar horn antenna to improve the radiation of the thin-substrate planar horn antenna, but the size of the loaded patch is large and the working frequency band is narrow. In addition, the gain of the traditional substrate-integrated waveguide planar horn antenna is relatively low. The reason is that due to the continuous opening of the horn mouth, the phase is out of sync when the electromagnetic wave propagates to the horn aperture surface, and the radiation directivity and gain are reduced. At present, methods such as dielectric loading and dielectric prisms have been used to correct the horn aperture field, but these phase alignment structures increase the overall structural size of the antenna.

Contents of the invention

Technical problem: the purpose of this invention is to propose a thin substrate phase correction groove line planar horn antenna, the polarization direction of the antenna radiation field is parallel to the dielectric substrate, and can be manufactured using a very thin dielectric substrate, and the electrical thickness of the substrate is very small. In the thin case, it still has excellent radiation performance, and the planar horn antenna can correct the phase inconsistency of electromagnetic waves on the antenna aperture plane.

Technical solution: The thin substrate phase correction slot line planar horn antenna of the present invention is characterized in that the antenna includes a microstrip feeder arranged on a dielectric substrate, a substrate integrated horn antenna and a plurality of slot line horns; the microstrip feeder The first port of the antenna is the input and output port of the antenna, and the second port of the microstrip feeder is connected to the substrate-integrated horn antenna; the substrate-integrated horn antenna consists of a first metal plane located on one side of the dielectric substrate and a The second metal plane is composed of two rows of metallized via horn sidewalls passing through the dielectric substrate to connect the first metal plane and the second metal plane, and the width between the two rows of metallized via horn sidewalls of the substrate integrated horn antenna Gradually become larger, forming a horn-shaped opening, the end of the opening is the aperture surface of the substrate-integrated horn antenna; the substrate-integrated horn antenna has an array of metallized vias connecting the first metal plane and the second metal plane, and the metallized vias The head end of the array is inside the substrate integrated horn antenna, and the tail end of the metallized via hole array is on the aperture surface of the substrate integrated horn antenna; two adjacent metallized via hole arrays, or a metallized via hole array A row of metallized through-hole horn sidewalls adjacent to it form a dielectric-filled waveguide with the first metal plane and the second metal plane, and each dielectric-filled waveguide is connected to a slotted horn outside the aperture plane.

The conduction band of the microstrip feeder is connected to the first metal plane, and the ground plane of the microstrip feeder is connected to the second metal plane.

The width of the dielectric-filled waveguide is such that electromagnetic waves can propagate through it without being blocked.

In the metallized via hole array, adjust the distance between two adjacent metallized via hole arrays, or adjust the distance between a row of metallized via hole arrays and the metallized via hole on the side wall of the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna , the width of the medium-filled waveguide can be changed, and then the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the medium-filled waveguide (14) can be adjusted, so that the phase distribution of the electromagnetic wave reaching the aperture surface is more uniform.

In the metallized via hole array, changing the length of one or more rows of the metallized via hole array can change the length of the corresponding medium-filled waveguide, so that the phase distribution of the electromagnetic wave reaching the aperture surface is more uniform.

Each slotted horn has a first radiating patch and a second radiating patch on both sides of the dielectric substrate, the first radiating patch of the slotted horn is connected to the first metal plane of the substrate integrated horn antenna, and the slotted horn The second radiating patch is connected to the second metal plane of the substrate-integrated horn antenna, and the hypotenuse of the first radiating patch and the hypotenuse of the second radiating patch are gradually opened to form a horn-shaped opening.

In the side wall of the metallized via hole horn and the metallized via hole array, the distance between two adjacent metallized via holes should be less than or equal to one-tenth of the working wavelength, so that the formed metallized via hole horn side wall and metal The via array can be equivalent to an electric wall.

In the dielectric-filled waveguide, the propagation phase velocity of the main mode (TE10 mode) of the electromagnetic wave is related to the width of the dielectric-filled waveguide. The wider the dielectric-filled waveguide, the lower the phase velocity of the main mode propagation; conversely, the wider the dielectric-filled waveguide Narrower, the higher the phase velocity of the main mode propagation. The electromagnetic wave is input from one end of the microstrip feeder, and enters the substrate-integrated waveguide horn antenna through the other end of the microstrip feeder. After propagating for a certain distance, it encounters a metallized via hole array, and then enters each medium-filled waveguide for transmission.

The phase distribution of electromagnetic waves on the antenna aperture plane is mainly determined by the length and width of each dielectric-filled waveguide. Adjusting the distance between adjacent metallized via hole arrays can adjust the width of the dielectric-filled waveguide, and then the electromagnetic wave can be adjusted in each The relative phase velocity of the dielectric waveguide transmission; adjusting the length of the metallized via hole array is equivalent to adjusting the length of the dielectric-filled waveguide, so that the electromagnetic waves passing through each dielectric-filled waveguide reach the aperture surface of the antenna in the same phase, so that on the antenna aperture surface The phase of each dielectric-filled waveguide port is the same.

The phase distribution of electromagnetic waves on the antenna aperture surface can be controlled in the above manner. If the electromagnetic waves transmitted through each medium-filled waveguide reach the antenna aperture surface in the same phase, and then enter each slot line horn in the same phase to radiate, the polarization direction of the radiation field will also be The horizontal direction becomes close to parallel to the substrate, which not only enables the entire antenna to have excellent radiation performance in the case of an electrically thin substrate, but also achieves the purpose of improving the aperture efficiency and gain of the antenna.

Since there are multiple metallized via hole arrays to divide the aperture surface of the antenna into many small aperture surfaces, the size of the slot line horn connected to each small aperture surface can be made very small, so that the antenna has a compact structure and a small size. Increased very little.

The antenna is a closed substrate integrated waveguide structure from the feed microstrip line to the slot line horn, so the feed loss is small.

Similarly, a specific phase distribution can also be realized on the aperture plane of the antenna as required.

Beneficial effect: the beneficial effect of the thin substrate phase correction slot line planar horn antenna of the present invention is that the polarization direction of the antenna radiation field is parallel to the dielectric substrate; the antenna can use a dielectric substrate with a thickness lower than 2 percent of the wavelength Manufactured, the thickness of the substrate is far lower than one-tenth of the wavelength required by the usual planar horn antenna, and it still has excellent radiation performance when the electrical thickness of the substrate is very thin. For example, at 6GHz frequency, epoxy resin material substrate is used The thickness of the horn antenna can be reduced from 2.5mm to 0.5mm, thereby greatly reducing the size, weight and cost; and the planar horn antenna is embedded with a metallized via array to correct the phase inconsistency of the electromagnetic wave on the antenna aperture surface. The antenna has a compact structure, Feed loss is small.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.

Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of the thin substrate phase correction slot line planar horn antenna of the present invention.

In the figure there are: dielectric substrate 1, microstrip feeder 2, substrate integrated horn antenna 3, slot line horn array 4; first port 5 of microstrip feeder 2, second port 6 of microstrip feeder 2, and dielectric substrate 1 The first metal plane 7, the second metal plane 8 of the dielectric substrate 1, the metallized via hole horn side wall 9, the aperture surface 10 of the antenna 3, the metallized via hole array 11, the head end 12 of the metallized via hole array 11, The tail end 13 of the metallized via array 11, the dielectric filled waveguide 14, the conduction band 15 of the microstrip feeder 2, the ground plane 16 of the microstrip feeder 2, the first radiation patch 17 of the slot line speaker 4, and the slot line speaker 4 The second radiating patch 18 , the hypotenuse 19 of the first radiating patch 17 and the hypotenuse 20 of the second radiating patch 18 .

Detailed ways

The embodiment that the present invention adopts is: the thin substrate phase correction groove line planar horn antenna includes the microstrip feeder 2 that is arranged on the dielectric substrate 1, the substrate integrated horn antenna 3 and a plurality of groove line horns 4; The first port 5 of the feeder 2 is the input and output port of the antenna, and the second port 6 of the microstrip feeder 2 is connected to the substrate-integrated horn antenna 3; The plane 7, the second metal plane 8 located on the other side of the dielectric substrate 1, and two rows of metallized via-hole horn sidewalls 9 passing through the dielectric substrate 1 to connect the first metal plane 7 and the second metal plane 8, the substrate integrates the horn The width between the horn side walls 9 of the two rows of metallized via holes of the antenna 3 gradually increases to form a horn-shaped opening, and the end of the opening is the aperture surface 10 of the substrate-integrated horn antenna 3; the substrate-integrated horn antenna 3 has The metallized via array 11 connects the first metal plane 7 and the second metal plane 8, the head end 12 of the metallized via array 11 is inside the substrate integrated horn antenna 3, and the tail end 13 of the metallized via array 11 is inside the substrate. On the aperture surface 10 of the chip integrated horn antenna 3; two adjacent metallized via hole arrays 11, or a row of metallized via hole horn sidewalls 9 adjacent to a metallized via hole array 11, and the first The metal plane 7 and the second metal plane 8 constitute a dielectric-filled waveguide 14 , and each dielectric-filled waveguide 14 is connected with a slotted horn 4 outside the aperture plane 10 .

The conduction strip 15 of the microstrip feeder 2 is in contact with the first metal plane 7 , and the ground plane 16 of the microstrip feeder 2 is in contact with the second metal plane 8 .

The width of the dielectric-filled waveguide 14 is such that electromagnetic waves can propagate therein without being blocked.

In the metallized via hole array 11, adjust the distance between two adjacent metallized via hole arrays 11, or adjust the metallized via hole between one row of metallized via hole arrays 11 and the side wall of the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna 3 The distance between 9 can change the width of the medium-filled waveguide 14, and then adjust the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the medium-filled waveguide 14, so that the phase distribution of the electromagnetic wave reaching the aperture surface 10 is more uniform.

In the metallized via array 11, changing the length of one or more columns of the metallized via array 11 can change the length of the corresponding dielectric-filled waveguide 14, so that the phase distribution of the electromagnetic waves arriving at the aperture surface 10 is more uniform.

Each slot line horn 4 has a first radiation patch 17 and a second radiation patch 18 on both sides of the dielectric substrate 1, and the first radiation patch 17 of the slot line horn 4 is connected to the first radiation patch 17 of the substrate integrated horn antenna 3. The metal plane 7 is connected, the second radiation patch 18 of the slot line horn 4 is connected with the second metal plane 8 of the substrate integrated horn antenna 3, the hypotenuse 19 of the first radiation patch 17 and the oblique side of the second radiation patch 18 The side 20 flares gradually to form a trumpet-shaped opening.

In the metallized via hole horn side wall 9 and the metallized via hole array 11, the distance between two adjacent metallized via holes should be less than or equal to one-tenth of the working wavelength, so that the formed metallized via hole The horn side wall 9 and the metallized via hole array 11 can be equivalent to electrical walls.

During design, adjusting the phase of the electromagnetic wave arriving at the antenna aperture surface 10 is mainly by adjusting the phase velocity of the electromagnetic wave in the dielectric-filled waveguide 14 and the length of the dielectric-filled waveguide 14, so it is necessary to change the width of the dielectric-filled waveguide 14, so it is necessary to adjust the metallization The position and length of the via array 11.

In terms of technology, the thin substrate phase correction slot line difference beam planar horn antenna can use either ordinary printed circuit board (PCB) technology, or low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology or integrated circuit technology such as CMOS and Si substrates. accomplish. The metallized via hole can be a hollow metal via hole or a solid metal hole, or a continuous metallized wall, and the shape of the metal via hole can be circular, square or other shapes.

Structurally, according to the same principle, the number of metallized via hole arrays 11 can be increased or decreased, and then the number and size of the slotted horn 4 can be changed, as long as the dielectric filled waveguide 14 can transmit the main mode and the opening of the slotted horn 4 The size can be up to about half of the operating wavelength. Since the closer to the metallized via sidewall 9 of the antenna, the farther the electromagnetic wave travels to the antenna aperture surface 10, the distance from the metallized via sidewall 9 The closer dielectric filled waveguide 14 has a relatively narrow width to obtain a higher phase velocity of electromagnetic wave transmission. The shape of the metallized via hole array 11 may be a straight line, a zigzag line or other curves.

According to the above, the present invention can be realized.

Claims (5)

1. Thin substrate phase correction slot line planar horn antenna, characterized in that the antenna includes a microstrip feeder (2) arranged on a dielectric substrate (1), a substrate integrated horn antenna (3) and a plurality of slot line horns ( 4); the first port (5) of the microstrip feeder (2) is the input and output port of the antenna, and the second port (6) of the microstrip feeder (2) is connected to the substrate integrated horn antenna (3) ;The substrate integrated horn antenna (3) consists of a first metal plane (7) located on one side of the dielectric substrate (1), a second metal plane (8) located on the other side of the dielectric substrate (1) and passing through the dielectric substrate (1) Two rows of metallized through-hole horn sidewalls (9) connecting the first metal plane (7) and the second metal plane (8), two rows of metallized through-hole horn sidewalls ( 9) The width between them gradually increases to form a horn-shaped opening, and the end of the opening is the aperture surface (10) of the substrate-integrated horn antenna (3); there is a metallized via hole array in the substrate-integrated horn antenna (3) (11) Connect the first metal plane (7) and the second metal plane (8), the head end (12) of the metallized via array (11) is inside the substrate integrated horn antenna (3), the metallized via array The tail end (13) of (11) is on the aperture surface (10) of the substrate integrated horn antenna (3); two adjacent metallized via hole arrays (11), or a metallized via hole array (11 ) and a row of metallized via-hole horn side walls (9) adjacent to it form a dielectric-filled waveguide (14) with the first metal plane (7) and the second metal plane (8), and each outside the aperture plane (10) A dielectric-filled waveguide (14) is connected with a slotted horn (4); Each slotted speaker (4) has a first radiation patch (17) and a second radiation patch (18) on both sides of the dielectric substrate (1), and the first radiation patch ( 17) Connect with the first metal plane (7) of the substrate-integrated horn antenna (3), the second radiation patch (18) of the slotted horn (4) and the second metal plane of the substrate-integrated horn antenna (3) (8) connected, the hypotenuse (19) of the first radiation patch (17) and the hypotenuse (20) of the second radiation patch (18) are gradually opened to form a trumpet-shaped opening; The width of the medium-filled waveguide (14) is such that the main mode of the electromagnetic wave can propagate therein without being blocked, and the opening size of the slot line horn (4) can reach about half of the working wavelength. 2. The thin substrate phase correction slot line planar horn antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the conduction band (15) of the microstrip feeder (2) is connected to the first metal plane (7), and the microstrip feeder ( 2) The ground plane (16) is in contact with the second metal plane (8). 3. The thin substrate phase correction slot line planar horn antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that in the metallized via hole array (11), the distance between two adjacent metallized via hole arrays (11) is adjusted. or adjusting the distance between a row of metallized via hole arrays (11) and the sidewall metallized via holes (9) of the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna (3), the width of the dielectric-filled waveguide (14) can be changed, Further, the phase velocity of electromagnetic waves propagating in the medium-filled waveguide (14) is adjusted, so that the phase distribution of electromagnetic waves arriving on the aperture surface (10) is more uniform. 4. The thin substrate phase correction slot line planar horn antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that in the metallized via hole array (11), one or more rows of metallized via hole arrays (11) are changed The length can change the length of the corresponding medium-filled waveguide (14), so that the phase distribution of the electromagnetic waves arriving on the aperture surface (10) is more uniform. 5. The thin substrate phase correction slot line planar horn antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that in the metallized via hole horn side wall (9) and the metallized via hole array (11), adjacent The distance between the two metallized via holes should be less than or equal to one-tenth of the working wavelength, so that the formed metallized via hole horn side wall (9) and the metallized via hole array (11) can be equivalent to electrical walls.