CN103589502A - Preparation method for blend oil with balanced fatty acid ratio - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for preparing blended oil with a balanced ratio of fatty acids belongs to the vegetable oil extraction and processing technology, and the method includes the following steps: (1) Cleaning and crushing soybeans, rapeseeds, perilla, hemp seeds and evening primrose seeds and mixing them in proportion (2) Add water to the mixed oil to form a mixed solution, and then perform ultrasonic pretreatment on the mixed solution; (3) Add complex enzymes to the ultrasonic pretreated mixed solution to break the wall; Protease is added to the mixed solution after compound enzyme enzymolysis for enzymolysis. After enzymolysis, free oil, hydrolyzate, emulsion and residue are obtained by centrifugation. The emulsion is frozen, thawed and demulsified to obtain free oil. The oil is a blended oil with a balanced ratio of fatty acids; the present invention mixes five kinds of oils in proportion and uses ultrasound combined with enzymatic hydrolysis to prepare a blended oil with a balanced ratio of fatty acids, and the ratio of fatty acids is close to SFA:MUFA:PUFA=0.27:1:1 , Omega6:Omega3=1-5:1, which can meet the nutritional needs of different groups of people.

Description

A kind of preparation method of fatty acid ratio balanced blending oil

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable oil extraction and processing, and mainly relates to a method for preparing a blended oil with balanced fatty acid ratio.

Background technique

At present, the health awareness of the whole people has been significantly improved, and the intake of fat is an essential part of daily life. In recent years, due to the increasing number of diseases such as hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, and coronary heart disease, it has attracted people's attention. The cause of these diseases is closely related to the unbalanced fatty acid consumption of people. Excessive intake of saturated fatty acids with more than twelve carbons (excluding stearic acid) will not only lead to elevated cholesterol in the human body, but also cause serious damage to human health. Arteriosclerosis and Coronary heart disease; intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids rich in n-6 series (linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid) and n-3 series (alpha-linolenic acid, EPA, DHA) in an appropriate amount, has Function to lower cholesterol levels and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Therefore, a scientific, reasonable and balanced intake of different types of fatty acids is extremely necessary to maintain the good function of tissues and ensure long-lasting health. For this reason, the WHO and the Chinese Nutrition Society proposed a reference dietary standard for the ratio of fatty acids: SFA:MUFA:PUFA=0.27:1:1; Omega 6:Omega 3=1-5:1.

The traditional blending oil production method extracts a single oil and then blends it in proportion. This method not only has low efficiency and high cost, but also does not specify the pretreatment method for high-oil crops, so it cannot obtain a higher oil extraction rate. In production A large amount of raw material loss is caused in the process.

The principle of design of the present invention is that the ratio of fatty acid of edible oil is designed to meet the intake ratio of the total dietary fatty acid of Chinese resident by Chinese Nutrition Society: saturated fatty acid: monounsaturated fatty acid: polyunsaturated fatty acid=(0-1) : 1: 1, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid: n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid = (1-5): 1. The ratio of the three fatty acids should be as close to 0.27:1:1 as possible, and the ratio of Omega 6:Omega 3 should be close to 1-5:1. In order to solve the unbalanced fatty acid of a single natural oil and the lack of pretreatment methods for high-oil crops, the present invention uses soybeans, rapeseeds, perilla, hempseeds, and evening primrose seeds as raw materials, and then mixes them in proportion. Ultrasonic treatment combined with bio-enzyme method is used to prepare blended oil with balanced ratio of fatty acids (SFA: MUFA: PUFA = 0.27: 1: 1, Omega 6: Omega 3 = 1-5: 1).

The present invention mixes five kinds of raw materials in proportion and then uses ultrasonic and enzyme combination double pretreatment method to destroy raw material cell walls, increase the oil release rate and reduce the loss of biologically active substances, that is to say, the blended oil with high nutritional activity and fatty acid balance can be obtained at the same time . The fatty acid ratio of the blended oil prepared by the present invention is close (SFA: MUFA: PUFA = 0.27: 1: 1, Omega 6: Omega 3 = 1-5: 1), which can meet the physiological and nutritional needs of different groups of people, and only needs one production line It can be directly prepared, and the price is low, the nutrition is balanced, and the fatty acid ratio is coordinated.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a method for preparing a blended oil with a balanced ratio of fatty acids in order to meet the dietary nutritional needs of human beings.

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A method for preparing blended oil with a balanced ratio of fatty acids, the method comprising the following steps: (1) After cleaning soybeans, rapeseed, perilla, hempseed and evening primrose seeds, they are pulverized with a cyclone mill, and after pulverization, they are proportionally The mixed oil is obtained by mixing, and the percentage of each component by weight of the mixed oil is as follows: 1.1% soybean addition, 32.5% rapeseed addition, 2.3% perilla addition, 40.5% hemp seed addition, monthly see The amount of grass seeds added is 23.6%; (2) The mixed oil obtained in step (1) is added with water to form a mixed solution, the ratio of the mixed solution to liquid is 1:5, and the mixed solution is subjected to ultrasonic pretreatment. The ultrasonic time is 20-60min, the ultrasonic temperature is 30-70°C, and the ultrasonic intensity is 100-500W; (3) Adjust the pH of the mixture after ultrasonic pretreatment in step (2) to 5.5, and then add compound The enzyme is used to enzymatically break the wall, and the mixed enzyme is pectinase, cellulase and β-glucanase mixed in a mass ratio of 4:1:1, and the amount of the compound enzyme added is 2.6% of the mass of the mixed solution , the enzymolysis temperature is 55°C, and the enzymolysis time is 3.5h; (4) Adjust the pH of the mixed solution after the compound enzyme enzymolysis in step (3) to 8.1, and then add Alcalase 2.4L alkaline protease to the mixed solution to carry out Enzymolysis, the amount of protease added is 1.88% of the mass of the mixture, the enzymolysis temperature is 48°C, and the enzymolysis time is 3.5h. After enzymolysis, it is centrifuged at 4500r/min for 30min to obtain free oil, hydrolyzate, Emulsion and residue, the free oil is obtained after the emulsion is frozen, thawed and demulsified, and the free oil obtained by merging twice is the blended oil with a balanced fatty acid ratio.

The preferred parameters of the ultrasonic pretreatment are: ultrasonic time 49.79min, ultrasonic temperature 60.46°C, ultrasonic intensity 408.55W.

The method of the invention is based on mechanical pulverization, and the cavitation generated by ultrasonic action can generate huge shearing force when bursting, so the cell wall of the oilseed can be effectively destroyed and the substances in the cell wall can be released. The aqueous enzymatic method uses water as the extraction medium, and the enzyme hydrolyzes the protein wrapped around the oil to separate the oil from the oilseed cells. Compared with traditional solvent extraction, ultrasonic-assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction of oil has the advantages of simple operation, low extraction temperature, short extraction time, solvent saving and high oil extraction rate.

The method of the invention can complete the oil extraction by using only one process flow. And the action conditions are mild (normal temperature, no organic solvent, no violent chemical reaction), and the degradation products in the system generally do not react with the extract, which can effectively protect the quality of available components such as oil, protein and gum. In the extraction process, the high-tech pretreatment technology is effectively used to greatly increase the oil extraction rate of oil.

Compared with the traditional blending oil process, the present invention mainly has the following process advantages:

① Raw materials are mixed in proportion, and only one production line can be used to complete the oil extraction, which greatly reduces the cost.

②Application of high-tech pretreatment technology to reduce the loss of biologically active compounds.

③ The oil lifting technology has simple equipment, safe operation and high efficiency.

④The obtained crude oil is of high quality, light in color and easy to refine. Mild treatment conditions can produce detoxified protein products.

⑤ Relatively low energy consumption in the production process; BOD and COD values in wastewater are greatly reduced, less pollution, and easy to handle.

⑥Emulsified oil is mainly obtained by single use of aqueous enzymatic oil extraction. The combination of ultrasound and enzyme can break cells well, improve oil extraction rate, and reduce the formation of emulsion.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 general process roadmap of the present invention;

Fig. 2 The influence of ultrasonic time on the oil extraction rate of mixed materials;

Fig. 3 The effect diagram of the ultrasonic temperature on the oil extraction rate of the mixed material;

Fig. 4 The influence of ultrasonic intensity on the oil extraction rate of mixed materials;

Fig. 5 Corresponding surface analysis of the interaction between ultrasonic time and ultrasonic temperature on the extraction rate of total oil;

Fig. 6 Corresponding surface analysis of the interaction between ultrasonic temperature and ultrasonic intensity on the total oil extraction rate.

Detailed ways

The specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

A method for preparing blended oil with a balanced ratio of fatty acids, the method comprising the following steps: (1) After cleaning soybeans, rapeseed, perilla, hempseed and evening primrose seeds, they are pulverized with a cyclone mill, and after pulverization, they are proportionally The mixed oil is obtained by mixing, and the percentage of each component by weight of the mixed oil is as follows: 1.1% soybean addition, 32.5% rapeseed addition, 2.3% perilla addition, 40.5% hemp seed addition, monthly see The amount of grass seeds added is 23.6%; (2) The mixed oil obtained in step (1) is added with water to form a mixed solution, the ratio of the mixed solution to liquid is 1:5, and the mixed solution is subjected to ultrasonic pretreatment. The ultrasonic time is 20-60min, the ultrasonic temperature is 30-70°C, and the ultrasonic intensity is 100-500W; (3) Adjust the pH of the mixture after ultrasonic pretreatment in step (2) to 5.5, and then add compound The enzyme is used to enzymatically break the wall, and the mixed enzyme is pectinase, cellulase and β-glucanase mixed in a mass ratio of 4:1:1, and the amount of the compound enzyme added is 2.6% of the mass of the mixed solution , the enzymolysis temperature is 55°C, and the enzymolysis time is 3.5h; (4) Adjust the pH of the mixed solution after the compound enzyme enzymolysis in step (3) to 8.1, and then add Alcalase 2.4L alkaline protease to the mixed solution to carry out Enzymolysis, the amount of protease added is 1.88% of the mass of the mixture, the enzymolysis temperature is 48°C, and the enzymolysis time is 3.5h. After enzymolysis, it is centrifuged at 4500r/min for 30min to obtain free oil, hydrolyzate, Emulsion and residue, the free oil is obtained after the emulsion is frozen, thawed and demulsified, and the free oil obtained by merging twice is the blended oil with a balanced fatty acid ratio.

The preferred parameters of the ultrasonic pretreatment are: ultrasonic time 49.79min, ultrasonic temperature 60.46°C, ultrasonic intensity 408.55W.

the

Example Determination of Ultrasonic Process Parameters for Blended Oil and Mixed Oil

1. Materials and methods

1.1 Materials and reagents

1.2 Main instruments and equipment

1.3 Experimental method

1.3.1 Process flow (as shown in Figure 1)

Raw materials→hulling→crushing→sieving→adding water to adjust the ratio of solid to liquid→ultrasonic treatment→adjusting the pH value→enzymolysis reaction→centrifugal separation→extraction→blend oil

1.3.2 Ultrasonic pretreatment method

After the materials are crushed separately, the five materials are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1:1:1, the total weight of the material is 50g, each material is 10g, the material is mixed with water at 1:3, and cooked for 5 minutes. The boiled material was dried at room temperature, then mixed with water in a beaker at a ratio of 1:6, and then the beaker was transferred to an ultrasonic cleaner.

1.3.3 Determination of oil content in materials AOAC 922.06

2. Results and Discussion

2.1 Effect of single factor condition of ultrasonic process on oil extraction rate of mixed oil

2.1.1 Ultrasonic pretreatment single factor experiment

2.1.1.1 Effect of ultrasonic time on oil extraction rate of mixed materials

Under the conditions of ultrasonic temperature of 50℃ and ultrasonic power of 500W, the effect of ultrasonic time on the oil extraction rate of the mixture was investigated. It can be seen from Figure 2 that when the ultrasonic time is 50min, the oil extraction rate of the mixed material reaches the highest value, which is 54.79%. After 50min, with the prolongation of time, the oil extraction rate of the mixture did not change significantly, and the oil extraction rate did not increase with the increase of ultrasonic time. Therefore, in the response surface test design, the ultrasonic time level is selected at 46-54min

2.1.1.2 Effect of ultrasonic temperature on oil extraction rate of mixed materials

Under the conditions of ultrasonic time of 50min and ultrasonic power of 500W, the effect of ultrasonic temperature on the oil extraction rate of the mixture was investigated. It can be seen from Figure 3 that the oil extraction rate of the mixed material gradually increases with the increase of ultrasonic temperature. When the ultrasonic temperature is 60°C, the oil extraction rate reaches the highest value. When the ultrasonic temperature is higher than 60°C, the oil extraction rate of the mixture will no longer increase. Therefore, the ultrasonic temperature level was selected at 58-62°C in the response surface test design.

2.1.1.3 The influence of ultrasonic intensity on the oil extraction rate of mixed materials

Under the conditions of ultrasonic time of 50min and ultrasonic temperature of 50℃, the effect of ultrasonic power on the oil extraction rate of the mixture was investigated. It can be seen from Figure 4 that the oil extraction rate of the mixed material reaches the highest value when the ultrasonic power is 400W. Continue to increase the ultrasonic power, the oil extraction rate decreased slightly. Therefore, in the design of response surface experiments, the ultrasonic power level is selected at 350-450W.

2.1.2 Optimization of ultrasonic pretreatment process parameters by response surface method

A total of 19 groups of experiments were designed to optimize the process parameters of ultrasonic pretreatment by response surface methodology. The level coding table of response surface factors is shown in Table 1, and the experimental scheme and results are shown in Table 2.

Table 1 Factor level coding table

Table 2 Response surface experiment scheme and results

The statistical analysis software Design-Expert 8.0 was used to perform multiple regression fitting on the data, and the secondary response was established between the oil extraction rate (Y) and ultrasonic time (X ₁ ), ultrasonic temperature (X ₂ ), and ultrasonic intensity (X ₃ ). The surface regression model is as follows:

Y ₌ 65.33 – _{0.18X1 + 2.62X2 + 3.73X3} + ^0.99X1X2 _{– 0.24X1X3} – _{4.84X2X3 – 3.14X12} – ^{2.47X22 –} _4.42X32

The variance analysis of the response surface equation is shown in Table 3, and the response surface analysis of the significant interaction phase is shown in Figures 5-6.

Table 3 Response Surface Equation Analysis of Variance

In order to examine the fitting degree of the model, ANOVA analysis of variance was carried out on the model. It can be seen from Table 3 that the influence of the first-order items X ₂ , X ₃ , interaction items X ₂ X ₃ , quadratic items X ₁ ² , X ₂ ² , and X ₃ ² of the model is extremely significant, and the interaction item X ₁ X ₂ The effect of is significant, and the other items are not significant, indicating that the influence of various factors on oil extraction rate is not a simple linear relationship. The regression of the model is significant ( P <0.05), the lack of fit error is not significant ( P >0.05), and the model R ² =99.38%, R ² _Adj =98.75%, indicating that the model fits well with the experiment and is reliable for the experiment. The predictability is 99.38%. This regression equation can accurately analyze and predict the relationship between ultrasonic parameters and oil extraction rate. From the F test, it can be concluded that the factor contribution rate is: X ₃ >X ₂ >X ₁ , that is, ultrasonic intensity>ultrasonic temperature>ultrasonic time.

Design-Expert was used to design the response surface experiment scheme, with a total of 19 groups of experiments. According to the ultrasonic treatment single factor test, the ultrasonic parameter levels were as follows: ultrasonic time 46-54 min, ultrasonic temperature 58-62 ℃, ultrasonic intensity 350-450 W. The experiment shows that the interaction between ultrasonic parameters affects the oil extraction rate, as shown in Figure 5. It can be seen from the figure that the three response surfaces are convex surfaces with the opening downward, and the minimum ellipses of the contour lines are all within the range shown, indicating that the oil extraction rate has a maximum within the range of the selected three factor designs. value. The oil extraction rate in the three figures increases with the increase of ultrasonic intensity and ultrasonic temperature, and reaches the maximum value to a certain extent with the increase of ultrasonic time, so the ultrasonic temperature and ultrasonic intensity have a significant impact on the oil extraction rate.

On this basis, the software was used to analyze the obtained regression equation, and the optimal ultrasonic parameters were obtained: ultrasonic time 49.79min, ultrasonic temperature 60.46°C, ultrasonic intensity 408.55W, and the theoretical oil extraction rate at this time was 66.12%. . A verification experiment was carried out on the optimal ultrasonic parameters fitted, and the actual oil extraction rate obtained was 65.55%, which was slightly lower than the theoretical oil extraction rate of 66.12%.

Claims (2)

1. the preparation method of the balanced mixed oil of a Fatty acids composition, it is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: (1) will pulverize with whirlwind pulverizer after soybean, vegetable seed, purple perilla, fiery pockmarks and seed of Radix Oenotherae erythrosepalae cleaning, after pulverizing, be mixed in proportion to obtain mixing oil plant, the described mixing oil plant by weight shared per-cent of each composition is: soybean addition 1.1%, vegetable seed addition 32.5%, purple perilla addition 2.3%, fiery pockmarks addition 40.5%, seed of Radix Oenotherae erythrosepalae addition 23.6%; (2) the mixing oil plant obtaining in step (1) is added to water and be made into mixed solution, described mixed solution solid-liquid ratio is 1:5, and mixed solution is carried out to ultrasonic pretreatment, and described ultrasonic time is 20-60min, and ultrasonic temperature is 30-70 ℃, and ultrasound intensity is 100-500W; (3) mixed solution after ultrasonic pretreatment in step (2) is regulated to pH to 5.5, then in mixed solution, add prozyme to carry out enzymolysis broken wall, described mixed enzyme is that polygalacturonase, cellulase and beta-glucanase mix with the ratio of mass ratio 4:1:1, prozyme addition is 2.6% of mixed solution quality, hydrolysis temperature is 55 ℃, and enzymolysis time is 3.5h; (4) mixed solution after complex enzyme zymohydrolysis in step (3) is regulated to pH to 8.1, then in mixed solution, add Alcalase 2.4L Sumizyme MP to carry out enzymolysis, described proteolytic enzyme addition is 1.88% of mixed solution quality, hydrolysis temperature is 48 ℃, enzymolysis time is 3.5h, after enzymolysis under 4500r/min centrifugation 30min, obtain free oil, hydrolyzed solution, milk sap and residue, milk sap obtains free oil after freeze-thaw breakdown of emulsion, merges the mixed oil that the free oil obtaining for twice is Fatty acids composition equilibrium.

2. the preparation method of the balanced mixed oil of a kind of Fatty acids composition according to claim 1, is characterized in that described ultrasonic pretreatment preferred parameter is: ultrasonic time 49.79min, 60.46 ℃ of ultrasonic temperature, ultrasound intensity 408.55W.

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