CN105441183A - Method for preparing edible oil by taking Cornus wilsoniana seeds as raw materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for producing edible oil by using glabra seeds as raw materials, which belongs to the field of oil processing. The eucalyptus seed oil is rich in linoleic acid and oleic acid. The preparation method of the eucalyptus seed oil is characterized by comprising the following steps: denucleating the eucalyptus seeds, beating, mixing with water, adding compound enzymes for hydrolysis, centrifuging to obtain emulsified oil and free oil, and demulsifying the emulsified oil Obtain free oil, combine the free oil that obtains twice, obtain edible eucalyptus seed oil. Compared with the existing glabra seed oil preparation technology, the present invention does not use organic solvents and high temperature and high pressure, but uses enzymes to degrade cell structures, freeze-thaw degumming and demulsification, and can effectively improve the yield of free oil. The process is simple and the operation is simple. The conditions are mild, the energy consumption is low, the phospholipid content, acid value and peroxide value are low, the color is light, the product quality is generally good, and it can be eaten directly.

Description

A kind of method of producing edible oil with glabra seeds as raw material

technical field

The invention relates to a method for producing edible oil by using the seeds of the glabra tree as raw materials.

Background technique

Light bark tree, also known as oil tree, dog bone wood, light bark tree, spotted bark pumping tree, etc., belongs to the genus of Cornus officinalis. The annual output of each plant is 100kg of fresh fruit and 20kg of oil, and three light bark trees can equal the production value of one mu of rapeseed. The light bark tree has been widely cultivated in Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei and other provinces of our country. The light bark tree is not only strong in a good site, but also resistant to barrenness. It can also grow and regenerate normally on limestone mountainous land where other tree species are difficult to grow. It can even form a natural pure forest with a coverage of up to 80%, which can be used as an important tree species for afforestation of mountains and rocks.

The seeds of guangpi tree are composed of pulp, seed core and seed kernel, and the oil content accounts for 66.95%, 16.96% and 16.09% of the total oil of the whole fruit respectively. The total oil content of glabra seeds is 33%-36%. The main components of oil are lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, erucic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, of which oleic acid is 38.3% , linoleic acid 38.85%, it is precisely because of the unsaturated fatty acid contained in the oil of eucalyptus, it has a certain medical and health care effect, and the effective rate of treating hyperlipidemia through clinical application is 93.3%, among which the effect of lowering cholesterol is The efficiency is 100%; glabra oil is identified as a first-class edible oil by the Ministry of Food, its edible value is higher than that of soybean oil and peanut oil, and it is comparable to camellia oil and olive oil. In addition, eucalyptus oil also contains a small amount of octacosanol, β-sitosterols, β-carotene and vitamin E and other nutrients. In recent years, in the face of major problems in food, energy and ecology, major countries in the world have taken the development of woody oil production as the main measure to solve the shortage of human edible oil, energy crisis and ecological problems. Therefore, the development and utilization of abundant and cheap The seeds of glabra, producing glabra edible oil with health-care effects, have important economic value and social significance for improving the quality of edible oil in my country and alleviating the shortage of edible oil.

At present, there are few studies on the development of eucalyptus seed oil, mainly focusing on the development and utilization of its biodiesel. Related patents include "A method for preparing new biofuel oil from eucalyptus oil (public number: CN101139528A)", "Production of biodiesel and its preparation method using the seed oil of eucalyptus (Publica glabra) as raw material (publication number: CN1844320A)", a preparation process of refined oil from eucalyptus fruit (publication number: CN101768512A) and a kind of patina Extraction method of Arboria fruit oil (publication number: CN104263504A). Due to the hard core of the light-bark tree species, the traditional whole-grain pressing process consumes a lot of energy, and the pressing is uneven and insufficient. The crude oil produced contains a large amount of pectin and chlorophyll, and the appearance is a dark green thick fluid with a high acid value. It is around 15mgKOH/g. In addition, the traditional alkali-refining deacidification process is very easy to generate saponins, and the oil loss is too large; steam deacidification, the temperature is too high, and the unsaturated fatty acid content is high and easy to oxidize, which seriously affects the quality of glabra edible oil. Therefore, it is of great significance to seek a suitable preparation process and refining method for the deep development of eucalyptus oil with high nutritional value.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a method for producing edible oil by using the seeds of the glabra tree as raw materials. Enzyme is used to hydrolyze the pulp of the tree seed to improve the yield of free oil and the quality of the product.

Technical scheme of the present invention:

A method for producing edible oil using glabra seeds as raw materials, comprising the following steps: the glabra seeds are denucleated, beaten, mixed with water, added with compound enzymes for hydrolysis, centrifuged to obtain emulsified oil and free oil, and the emulsified oil The free oil is obtained by demulsification, and the free oil obtained twice is combined to obtain edible eucalyptus seed oil.

In the preferred technical solution, the seeds of the light bark tree are denucleated with a denucleating beater, and the pulp is crushed to a particle size of 5-15 μm, and the pulverized slurry is mixed with water at a material-to-water ratio of 1:5-10.

In the preferred technical scheme, the compound enzyme is a mixture of cellulase and pectinase mixed according to the ratio of 1:5~0.6, the hydrolysis conditions: the amount of compound enzyme added is 1~2%, the hydrolysis time is 4~8h, the hydrolysis The temperature is 40~70℃, and the pH is kept at 4.5~5.5.

In the preferred technical solution, the demulsification method is a freeze-thaw method, and the specific conditions are: the emulsified oil is frozen at -20~-10°C for 20~24h, then thawed at 30~40°C for 2~3h, and the centrifugal force is 5000g Centrifuge for 15 minutes under the same conditions to obtain free oil.

Plant cell walls are composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin. Oil exists in oilseed cells and is usually combined with other macromolecules (proteins and carbohydrates) to form complexes such as lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins. Only Only by destroying the cell structure and oil complex of the oil plant tissue can the oil in it be dissolved. The water enzymatic oil extraction technology is based on mechanical crushing, using enzymes (such as cellulase, hemicellulase, protease, pectinase, amylase, dextranase, etc.) to treat the oil, through the further destruction of the cell structure by the enzyme, and the decomposition of the lipoprotein and lipopolysaccharide by the enzyme, the fluidity of the oil in the oil tissue is increased, so that the oil is dissolved freely. The water enzymatic oil extraction process has mild conditions, and the degradation products in the system generally do not react with the extract, which can effectively protect the quality of the oil. The water enzymatic method has low operating temperature, low energy consumption, high purity of extracted oil, low phospholipid content, acid value and peroxide value, light color, low BOD and COD values in wastewater, easy to handle, less pollution, and meets the "safe and efficient , green" requirements.

Processing condition of the present invention:

(1) De-nucleating and beating

Different from most other woody oil plants, the oil in the fruit mainly exists in the pulp, accounting for 66.95% of the total oil and 55% of the pulp, and the seed core is hard, so it is difficult to fully and evenly crush it by direct pressing Pulp and seeds; in addition, the pulp contains a lot of pectin and cellulose, it is difficult to fully dissolve the glabra seed oil by direct pressing, and the pressing efficiency is not high. Therefore, use a denucleating beater to denucleate and crush the pulp to a particle size of 5-15 μm. The pulverized slurry is mixed with water according to the material-to-water ratio of 1:5~1:10, preferably 1:5.

(2) Enzymatic hydrolysis process

The pulp of glabra seeds contains a lot of cellulose and pectin substances, almost no protein. The joint action of pectinase and cellulase can partially degrade the cell wall of the pulp and release the oil molecules from the cells. The effect can also prevent the emulsification of lipoprotein membrane, which is beneficial to the separation of oil and water.

Mixed enzyme (mixing ratio of cellulase and pectinase: 1:0.4~0.6) added 1~2% (mass ratio of enzyme to pulp), enzymolysis time 4~8h, hydrolysis temperature 40~70℃, constant pH at 4.5 ~5.5, centrifuge at 5000×g for 15 minutes to obtain milky oil and free oil.

(3) Demulsification

In the process of aqueous enzymatic oil extraction, due to the polarity and viscosity of the oil itself, as well as the existence of hydrophilic and lipophilic proteins (surface active substances), the incompatible oil and water are connected together, and it is difficult to separate completely, forming emulsified oil. In addition, there is only a small amount of lipoprotein in the pulp of the eucalyptus, and the demulsification process is relatively simple. In order to fully ensure the quality of the oil, the demulsification method is demulsified by freezing and thawing. The above emulsion oil was frozen at -20~-10°C for 20~24h, then thawed at 30~40°C for 2~3h, and centrifuged at 5000×g for 15min. Get free oil.

Compared with the existing glabra seed oil preparation technology, the present invention does not use organic solvents and high temperature and high pressure, but uses enzymes to degrade cell structures, freeze-thaw degumming and demulsification, and can effectively improve the yield of free oil. The process is simple and the operation is simple. The conditions are mild, the energy consumption is low, the phospholipid content, acid value and peroxide value are low, the color is light, the product quality is generally good, and it can be eaten directly.

detailed description

Example 1

The light bark seeds are denuclearized by a denucleating beater, and the pulp is crushed until the particle size is less than 15 μm. The slurry is mixed with water at a material-to-water ratio of 1:5. Cellulase and pectinase are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:0.5 (cellulase, 2000WU/mL; pectinase, 1600AU/g), the addition amount is 2% (enzyme to pulp mass ratio), enzymolysis time 6h, hydrolysis Temperature at 50°C, constant pH at 5.0, centrifugation at 5000×g for 15 minutes to obtain milky oil and free oil . The milky oil was frozen at -20°C for 24 hours, then thawed at 35°C for 2 hours, and centrifuged at 5000×g for 15 minutes to obtain free oil . The above two free oils are mixed to obtain edible eucalyptus seed oil.

The free oil yield of the eucalyptus seed oil produced by the above method can reach 96.0%. The phospholipid content in the product is 0.1%; the acid value AV (mgKOH/g) is 2.16; the peroxide value POV (meq/kg) is 2.72, and the color is light R2.5; the main fatty acids are linoleic acid and oleic acid, the contents are 34.47 and 31.17 respectively .

Free oil yield = (free oil + free oil )×100%∕The oil content in the pulp of the glabra seeds.

Claims (4)

1. one kind with the method for the smooth bark seeds of trees for raw material production edible oil, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps: the smooth bark seeds of trees are through stoning, making beating, add water mixing, adds combinative enzyme hydrolysis, centrifugal, obtain oil in water emulsion and free oil, free oil is obtained to oil in water emulsion breakdown of emulsion, merges the free oil obtained for twice, obtain edible smooth bark seeds of trees oil.

2. according to claim 1 with the method for the smooth bark seeds of trees for raw material production edible oil, it is characterized in that the smooth bark seeds of trees adopt stoning hollander to take off core, and pulp is crushed to particle diameter 5 ~ 15 μm, the slurries after pulverizing to add water mixing by material-water ratio 1:5 ~ 10.

3. according to claim 2 with the method for the smooth bark seeds of trees for raw material production edible oil, it is characterized in that described prozyme be according to 1:5 ~ 0.6 ratio mixing cellulase and polygalacturonase mixture, hydrolysising condition: prozyme addition is 1 ~ 2%, hydrolysis time is 4 ~ 8h, hydrolysis temperature is 40 ~ 70 DEG C, keeps pH to be 4.5 ~ 5.5.

4. according to claim 3 with the method for the smooth bark seeds of trees for raw material production edible oil, it is characterized in that described breaking method is freeze-thaw method, actual conditions is: oil in water emulsion freezes 20 ~ 24h at-20 ~-10 DEG C, then at 30 ~ 40 DEG C of 2 ~ 3h that thaw, under centrifugal force is 5000g condition, centrifugal 15min, obtains free oil.