CN103208827A - Balance control system and method for high-capacity serial connected battery packs - Google Patents
Balance control system and method for high-capacity serial connected battery packs Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明在储能系统中采用一种补电与电阻耗散相结合的电池组均衡控制系统，包括电池组、补电均衡控制部分和耗散均衡控制部分，其均衡方案与控制方式为每个单体电池对应一个补电均衡电路，当单体电池电压低时启动补电均衡；同时，每个单体电池并联一个耗散电阻，当充电时出现个别电池电压偏高时，启动耗散控制开关让这些电池通过并联电阻放电，起到保护电池组和补电电源的作用。本发明与纯电阻耗散型均衡方案比较，仅仅是个别电压偏高电池的均衡电阻工作，热量可以忽略，不会加重电池热管理的负担。补电电源的能量被充分利用，热损耗小，极大提高了管理系统的能量转换效率，多个电池可同时均衡，提高了均衡速度，缩短了均衡时间。
In the energy storage system, the present invention adopts a battery pack balance control system combining power supply and resistance dissipation, including a battery pack, a power supply balance control part, and a dissipation balance control part. The balance scheme and control mode are for each The single battery corresponds to a power supply equalization circuit. When the voltage of the single battery is low, the power supply equalization is started; at the same time, each single battery is connected in parallel with a dissipation resistor. When the voltage of an individual battery is high during charging, the dissipation control is started. The switch allows these batteries to discharge through a parallel resistor, which protects the battery pack and supplements the power supply. Compared with the pure resistance dissipation type equalization scheme, the present invention only works on the equalization resistance of individual high voltage batteries, the heat can be ignored, and the burden of battery heat management will not be increased. The energy of the supplementary power supply is fully utilized, and the heat loss is small, which greatly improves the energy conversion efficiency of the management system. Multiple batteries can be balanced at the same time, which improves the balancing speed and shortens the balancing time.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种大容量串联电池组均衡系统与控制方式，应用于锂离子电池和铅酸电池等作为储能介质的新能源发电系统、智能电网、微网发电系统、银行ATM机和UPS等。The present invention relates to a large-capacity series battery group equalization system and control method, which is applied to new energy power generation systems, smart grids, micro-grid power generation systems, bank ATMs and UPSs, etc., as energy storage media such as lithium-ion batteries and lead-acid batteries .
背景技术 Background technique
电池成组均衡技术是保障储能系统正常运行的关键技术之一。大规模储能需要将多个单体电池串并联起来以获得较大的储能容量及较高的功率输出，电池组的储能大小取决于最差一节电池的充放电特性。由于电池制造过程本身具有一定的离散特性，而且随着电池使用时间的增长，电池性能的相互差异更加突出。如果没有对电池进行均衡管理，随着充放电循环进行，单体电池间的不一致性会造成欠充电、过充电和过放电，严重影响电池组的使用性能和寿命，并且会造成严重的安全隐患。所以，需要借助电池管理系统，判断单体和电池组状态，优化电池外部参数，增加电池寿命，保护电池。The battery group equalization technology is one of the key technologies to ensure the normal operation of the energy storage system. Large-scale energy storage needs to connect multiple single cells in series and parallel to obtain larger energy storage capacity and higher power output. The energy storage capacity of the battery pack depends on the charging and discharging characteristics of the worst battery. Due to the discrete nature of the battery manufacturing process itself, and as the battery life increases, the mutual differences in battery performance become more prominent. If there is no balanced management of the battery, as the charge and discharge cycle proceeds, the inconsistency between the single cells will cause undercharging, overcharging and overdischarging, which will seriously affect the performance and life of the battery pack, and will cause serious safety hazards . Therefore, it is necessary to use the battery management system to judge the status of the monomer and the battery pack, optimize the external parameters of the battery, increase the battery life, and protect the battery.
均衡模块是电池管理系统的重要组成部分，常用的均衡方案分为能量耗散型和能量非耗散型。能量耗散型最常使用的是电阻分流均衡法，如图1所示，将每个电池并联电阻，通过控制均衡开关控制分流电流，此方法电路简单，控制容易实现，但是分流电阻会产生大量热，加大热管理的难度，造成能量浪费。能量非耗散型常用的有电感和功率开关管方法、变压器能量转移方法和补电均衡方法：电感和功率开关管方法适用于小电流场合；变压器能量转移方法通过变压器将能量传递到电压低的电池中，这种方案电池能量被充分利用，均衡效率高，但是次级绕组难以匹配，变压器漏感难以控制，不利于模块化；如图2所示，补电均衡方案采用隔离电源模块实现能量转移，通过控制隔离电源模块实现能量流动，这种均衡方式效率高，控制容易实现，但是假设某个单体电池失效，充电时很快被充满，电压偏高，根据控制策略，其他的单体都要开启均衡电路，均衡电源长期超负荷运行会造成电源损坏。The equalization module is an important part of the battery management system. Commonly used equalization schemes are divided into energy dissipation type and energy non-dissipation type. The most commonly used energy dissipation type is the resistance shunt equalization method. As shown in Figure 1, each battery is connected in parallel with a resistor, and the shunt current is controlled by controlling the equalization switch. This method has a simple circuit and easy control, but the shunt resistance will generate a large amount of Heat, increasing the difficulty of thermal management, resulting in energy waste. The energy non-dissipative type commonly used methods include inductance and power switching tube method, transformer energy transfer method and power supply equalization method: the inductance and power switching tube method is suitable for small current occasions; the transformer energy transfer method transfers energy to low voltage through the transformer In the battery, the energy of the battery is fully utilized in this scheme, and the equalization efficiency is high, but the secondary winding is difficult to match, and the leakage inductance of the transformer is difficult to control, which is not conducive to modularization; Transfer, through the control of the isolated power module to achieve energy flow, this equalization method is efficient and easy to implement, but if a single battery fails, it will be fully charged when charging, and the voltage is too high. According to the control strategy, other monomers The balance circuit must be turned on, and the long-term overload operation of the balance power supply will cause damage to the power supply.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明提供一种适用于新能源发电和微网发电储能系统的电池组均衡控制系统，在储能系统中采用一种补电与电阻耗散相结合的电池组均衡方案。The invention provides a battery group equalization control system suitable for new energy power generation and micro-grid power generation energy storage systems. In the energy storage system, a battery group equalization scheme combining power supply and resistance dissipation is adopted.
为达到上述目的，本发明采取以下的技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention takes the following technical solutions:
一种大容量串联电池组均衡控制系统，包括电池组、均衡控制单元、电压采集单元、微控制器、补电均衡控制部分和耗散均衡控制部分，补电均衡控制部分包括DC-DC隔离电源模块、补电控制开关和补电电源，DC-DC隔离电源模块的输入端串联补电控制开关并与补电电源并联，DC-DC隔离电源模块的输出端串联防反二极管和限流电阻，并与电池组中各单体电池并联，补电控制开关与均衡控制单元电连接；耗散均衡控制部分包括耗散电阻和耗散控制开关，耗散控制开关串联耗散电阻并与电池组中各单体电池并联，耗散控制开关还分别与均衡控制单元、电压采集单元对应电连接；均衡控制单元与微控制器电连接，电压采集单元与微控制器总线通讯连接，且电压采集单元与电池组中各单体电池对应电连接。所述电压采集单元由电压信号采集芯片和滤波电路组成，所述补电电源为电池组或外部独立电源，所述耗散控制开关由微控制器控制启动或由带均衡控制功能的采集芯片控制启动。A balance control system for large-capacity series-connected battery packs, including a battery pack, a balance control unit, a voltage acquisition unit, a microcontroller, a power supply balance control part, and a dissipation balance control part, and the power supply balance control part includes a DC-DC isolated power supply Module, power supply control switch and power supply, the input end of the DC-DC isolated power module is connected in series with the power supply control switch and connected in parallel with the power supply, the output end of the DC-DC isolated power module is connected in series with anti-reverse diodes and current limiting resistors, And connected in parallel with each single battery in the battery pack, the power supply control switch is electrically connected to the balance control unit; the dissipation balance control part includes a dissipation resistor and a dissipation control switch, and the dissipation control switch is connected in series with the dissipation resistor and connected to the battery pack The single batteries are connected in parallel, and the dissipation control switch is also electrically connected to the balance control unit and the voltage acquisition unit; the balance control unit is electrically connected to the microcontroller, the voltage acquisition unit is connected to the microcontroller bus, and the voltage acquisition unit is Each single battery in the battery pack is electrically connected correspondingly. The voltage acquisition unit is composed of a voltage signal acquisition chip and a filter circuit, the power supply is a battery pack or an external independent power supply, and the dissipation control switch is controlled by a microcontroller or is controlled by an acquisition chip with a balance control function start up.
上述均衡控制单元是指每个单体电池所对应的一路补电均衡控制通道，每路均衡控制单元由补电均衡控制部分和耗散均衡控制部分组成。本发明的均衡控制原理如下：充电和静置时，当某个电池单体电压低于电池组平均电压(平均电压＝电池组端电压/电池个数)0.05V时，打开此单体均衡控制单元的补电控制开关，补电电源通过DC-DC隔离电源模块给该单体电池补电，电池电压快速升高，当接近平均电压时，关断补电控制开关。充电时，假设某单体电池很快被充满电，电压偏高，高于平均电压0.05V，打开此单体均衡控制单元的耗散控制开关，电池的部分能量通过耗散电阻消耗，使电池的电压降低。放电时，若单体电池电压低于电池组平均电压0.05V，打开此单体电池均衡控制单元的补电控制开关，使补电电源能量通过DC-DC隔离电源模块参与放电，减轻电池的负担，起到保护电池的作用，使得补电电源的能量被充分利用，热损耗小，极大提高了管理系统的能量转换效率。The balance control unit mentioned above refers to a power supply balance control channel corresponding to each single battery, and each balance control unit is composed of a power supply balance control part and a dissipation balance control part. The balance control principle of the present invention is as follows: when charging and standing still, when the voltage of a certain battery cell is 0.05V lower than the average voltage of the battery pack (average voltage = battery pack terminal voltage/number of batteries), the cell balance control is turned on The power supply control switch of the unit, the power supply supply supplies power to the single battery through the DC-DC isolated power module, the battery voltage rises rapidly, and when it is close to the average voltage, the power supply control switch is turned off. When charging, assuming that a single battery is fully charged soon and the voltage is high, 0.05V higher than the average voltage, turn on the dissipation control switch of the single balance control unit, and part of the energy of the battery will be consumed through the dissipation resistor, making the battery voltage drops. When discharging, if the voltage of a single battery is lower than the average voltage of the battery pack by 0.05V, turn on the power supply control switch of the single battery balancing control unit, so that the energy of the power supply can participate in the discharge through the DC-DC isolated power module, reducing the burden on the battery , Play the role of protecting the battery, so that the energy of the supplementary power supply is fully utilized, the heat loss is small, and the energy conversion efficiency of the management system is greatly improved.
实现上述大容量串联电池组均衡控制系统的均衡控制流程如下：充电和静置时，电压采集单元采集电池电压信号，通过总线传输到微控制器，将采集到的单体电压信号与平均电压比较，假如某个单体电池电压低于平均电压0.05V，启动补电均衡控制部分，微控制器相应的I/O口输出低电平，DC-DC隔离电源模块启动工作，通过限流电阻和防反二极管，给该单体电池充电；假设某个单体电池在充电过程中电压升高速度快，当其电压高于平均电压0.05V，启动此单体电池耗散均衡控制部分，微控制器相应的I/O口输出低电平，打开耗散控制开关，通过耗散电阻达到均衡控制目的，使电池组中单体电池电压最大压差维持在0.1V以内。The equalization control process of the above-mentioned large-capacity series battery pack equalization control system is as follows: when charging and standing still, the voltage acquisition unit collects the battery voltage signal, transmits it to the microcontroller through the bus, and compares the collected single voltage signal with the average voltage , if the voltage of a certain single battery is lower than the average voltage of 0.05V, the power supply balance control part is started, the corresponding I/O port of the microcontroller outputs a low level, and the DC-DC isolated power module starts to work, through the current limiting resistor and The anti-reverse diode is used to charge the single battery; assuming that the voltage of a certain single battery rises rapidly during the charging process, when its voltage is higher than the average voltage of 0.05V, the dissipation balance control part of the single battery is activated, and the micro-control The corresponding I/O port of the device outputs a low level, turns on the dissipation control switch, and achieves the purpose of balanced control through the dissipation resistance, so that the maximum voltage difference of the single battery voltage in the battery pack is maintained within 0.1V.
本发明的均衡控制方案可适用于中等容量和大容量串联电池组储能系统。将补电均衡和电阻耗散均衡控制方式相结合，每个单体电池对应一个补电均衡电路，当单体电池电压低时启动补电均衡；同时，每个单体电池并联一个耗散电阻，当充电时出现个别电池电压偏高时，启动耗散控制开关让这些电池通过并联电阻放电，起到保护电池组和补电电源的作用。补电与电阻耗散相结合的均衡方案在实际应用中也会产生一定热量，但是与纯电阻耗散型均衡方案比较，仅仅是个别电压偏高电池的均衡电阻工作，热量可以忽略，不会加重电池热管理的负担。补电电源的能量被充分利用，热损耗小，极大提高了管理系统的能量转换效率，多个电池可同时均衡，提高了均衡速度，缩短了均衡时间。The balanced control scheme of the present invention is applicable to energy storage systems of medium-capacity and large-capacity series battery packs. Combining the power supply balance and resistance dissipation balance control methods, each single battery corresponds to a power supply equalization circuit, and when the voltage of the single battery is low, the power supply balance is started; at the same time, each single battery is connected in parallel with a dissipation resistor , when the voltage of individual batteries is too high during charging, start the dissipation control switch to let these batteries discharge through the parallel resistance, which plays the role of protecting the battery pack and the supplementary power supply. The equalization scheme combining power supply and resistance dissipation will also generate a certain amount of heat in practical applications, but compared with the pure resistance dissipation equalization scheme, only the equalization resistance of individual high-voltage batteries works, and the heat can be ignored. Increase the burden on battery thermal management. The energy of the supplementary power supply is fully utilized, and the heat loss is small, which greatly improves the energy conversion efficiency of the management system. Multiple batteries can be balanced at the same time, which improves the balancing speed and shortens the balancing time.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是电阻耗散型均衡电路示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a resistor dissipation equalization circuit;
图2是补电均衡电路示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a power supply equalization circuit;
图3是本发明均衡控制系统结构图；Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of the balanced control system of the present invention;
图4是本发明均衡控制软件流程图。Fig. 4 is a flowchart of the balance control software of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明内容作进一步说明。The content of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
如图3所示，一种大容量串联电池组均衡控制系统，包括电池组、均衡控制单元、电压采集单元、微控制器、补电均衡控制部分和耗散均衡控制部分，补电均衡控制部分包括DC-DC隔离电源模块、补电控制开关和补电电源，DC-DC隔离电源模块的输入端串联补电控制开关并与补电电源并联，DC-DC隔离电源模块的输出端串联防反二极管和限流电阻，并与电池组中各单体电池并联，补电控制开关与均衡控制单元电连接；耗散均衡控制部分包括耗散电阻和耗散控制开关，耗散控制开关串联耗散电阻并与电池组中各单体电池并联，耗散控制开关还分别与均衡控制单元、电压采集单元对应电连接；均衡控制单元与微控制器电连接，电压采集单元与微控制器总线通讯连接，且电压采集单元与电池组中各单体电池对应电连接。所述电压采集单元由电压信号采集芯片和滤波电路组成，所述补电电源为电池组或外部独立电源，所述耗散控制开关由微控制器控制启动或由带均衡控制功能的采集芯片控制启动。As shown in Figure 3, a large-capacity series battery pack balance control system includes a battery pack, a balance control unit, a voltage acquisition unit, a microcontroller, a power supply balance control part and a dissipation balance control part, and the power supply balance control part Including DC-DC isolated power supply module, power supply control switch and power supply, the input end of DC-DC isolated power supply module is connected in series with power supply control switch and connected in parallel with the power supply supply, and the output terminal of DC-DC isolated power supply module is connected in series to prevent reverse Diodes and current limiting resistors are connected in parallel with each single battery in the battery pack, and the power supply control switch is electrically connected to the balance control unit; the dissipation balance control part includes a dissipation resistor and a dissipation control switch, and the dissipation control switch is connected in series to dissipate The resistors are connected in parallel with each single battery in the battery pack, and the dissipation control switch is also electrically connected to the balance control unit and the voltage acquisition unit respectively; the balance control unit is electrically connected to the microcontroller, and the voltage acquisition unit is connected to the microcontroller bus for communication , and the voltage acquisition unit is electrically connected to each single battery in the battery pack. The voltage acquisition unit is composed of a voltage signal acquisition chip and a filter circuit, the power supply is a battery pack or an external independent power supply, and the dissipation control switch is controlled by a microcontroller or is controlled by an acquisition chip with a balance control function start up.
如图4所示，实现上述大容量串联电池组均衡控制系统的均衡控制流程如下：充电和静置时，电压采集单元采集电池电压信号，通过总线传输到微控制器，将采集到的单体电压信号与平均电压比较，假如某个单体电池电压低于平均电压0.05V，启动补电均衡控制部分，微控制器相应的I/O口输出低电平，DC-DC隔离电源模块启动工作，通过限流电阻和防反二极管，给该单体电池充电；假设某个单体电池在充电过程中电压升高速度快，当其电压高于平均电压0.05V，启动此单体电池耗散均衡控制部分，微控制器相应的I/O口输出低电平，打开耗散控制开关，通过耗散电阻达到均衡控制目的，使电池组中单体电池电压最大压差维持在0.1V以内。As shown in Figure 4, the balance control process to realize the balance control system of the above-mentioned large-capacity series battery pack is as follows: When charging and standing still, the voltage acquisition unit collects the battery voltage signal, transmits it to the microcontroller through the bus, and transfers the collected battery voltage signal to the microcontroller. The voltage signal is compared with the average voltage. If the voltage of a single battery is lower than the average voltage of 0.05V, the power supply balance control part is started, the corresponding I/O port of the microcontroller outputs a low level, and the DC-DC isolated power supply module starts to work. , charge the single battery through the current limiting resistor and the anti-reverse diode; assuming that the voltage of a certain single battery rises rapidly during the charging process, when its voltage is higher than the average voltage of 0.05V, start the single battery to dissipate In the balance control part, the corresponding I/O port of the microcontroller outputs a low level, turns on the dissipation control switch, and achieves the purpose of balance control through the dissipation resistance, so that the maximum voltage difference of the single battery voltage in the battery pack is maintained within 0.1V.
电池均衡控制是电池管理的重要组成部分，可根据实际应用情况进行级联扩展。为了方便安装、使用和维护，通常将电池组分成几部分，与电池管理单元组成标准电池包，分别进行管理，各标准电池包再通过集中控制单元集中管理。显然，本发明的上述具体实施方式仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明实施方式的限定，对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以容易的做出其它形式上的变化或者替代，而这些改变或者替代也将包含在本发明确定的保护范围之内。Battery balancing control is an important part of battery management, which can be cascaded and expanded according to actual application conditions. In order to facilitate installation, use and maintenance, the battery pack is usually divided into several parts, and the battery management unit forms a standard battery pack, which is managed separately, and each standard battery pack is then centrally managed by a centralized control unit. Obviously, the above-mentioned specific embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, rather than limiting the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, they can also easily Changes or substitutions in other forms should be made, and these changes or substitutions will also be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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