CN103202201A - Cultivation method for high-yield walnut tree form - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating a high-yield tree form of a walnut, which comprises the steps of planting walnut seedlings in spring, cutting the walnut seedlings at a position with a certain distance from the ground until the walnut seedlings reach a certain distance from the top end, cutting the walnut seedlings above full buds, selecting new tips as base main branches in the middle and last ten days of 8 months, not cutting the main branches in winter, and coating polyvinyl alcohol on all branches for cold protection. Before sprouting in spring of the next year, bud carving is started from a position with a certain distance from the main branch, and selective pinching is carried out on the new shoots sprouting on the back to cultivate branch groups. In the spring of the third year, buds of the main branches are continuously carved, branch groups are cultured, and tree forms are basically formed. And after four years, when the number of the main branches is insufficient, the tree form is continuously cultured until the tree form is finished. The method is beneficial to improving the quality of the walnut fruits, ensures high and stable yield of the trees and greatly improves the economic benefit.

Description

A kind of cultivation method of walnut high-yield tree shape

technical field

The invention relates to a method for cultivating fruit trees, in particular to a method for cultivating a high-yield walnut tree

Background technique

Walnut is an ancient economic tree species and one of the four major dried fruits. Because of its high economic, ecological and social benefits, walnut has become an economic tree species distributed and cultivated all over the world, and it is also one of the important pillar industries for farmers in mountainous areas in my country to get rid of poverty and become rich. However, for a long time, the production level of walnuts in my country has been low, mainly in the aspects of unreasonable variety structure, extensive cultivation management, and a large proportion of low-yielding and inferior trees, which have resulted in low quality, uneven quality and poor product performance of walnuts in my country. The emergence of problems such as poor quality and high pesticide and chemical fertilizer residues.

Plastic pruning is an important part of the high-quality and efficient cultivation technology system for walnuts. The trunk scattered sparse layer shape and natural happy shape are common tree shapes of walnut and American hickory. In addition, there are also natural round-headed tree shapes in walnut cultivation. The shape generally has the disadvantages of long forming time and complicated technology, resulting in late results, low early yield, and difficult for fruit growers to grasp.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a method for cultivating high-yield walnut tree shape. The walnut tree shape is easy to shape, easy to reshape, and the tree body is well illuminated by the method, which is suitable for early-fruiting walnut varieties.

To achieve the above object, the present invention takes the following technical solutions:

A method for cultivating a walnut high-yield tree shape is characterized in that it comprises the steps:

(a) After planting in autumn, apply polyvinyl alcohol to dry it, and dry it before germination in the spring of the second year, or directly dry it after planting in spring. For seedlings planted with a seedling height of more than 1m, the buds are carved from a place 60-70cm above the ground, and the top 10cm is not carved. After planting in spring, leave more than 3cm above the full buds at a distance of 75-80cm from the ground, cut and dry. In mid-to-late August, choose the upright new shoots at the top as the central trunk extension branches, and the other well-grown and strong new shoots that came out in the same year and are more than 60 cm long are used as the base main branches. The opening angle of the branches is about 90°. Evenly distributed around the crown, requiring 3 to 4 main branches at the base. The main branches are not cut in winter, and all branches are coated with polyvinyl alcohol to prevent cold.

(b) In the second spring, when the bleeding is the least in March before germination, carve a bud from the base of the extended branch of the central trunk at 15cm, carve another bud at an interval of 15cm, and then keep the extended branch of the central trunk at 40-45cm above the full bud Cutting, in mid-to-late August, select the upright new shoots at the top as the central trunk extension branches, and other new shoots with an opening angle of 90° to 90° as the main branches, and other operations are the same as the first year.

(c) Repeat the operation of the second year in the third and fourth years. The tree shape is basically formed. The height of the whole tree is 2.8-3.0m, with 13-15 horizontal main branches. After the formation, the extension branches of the central trunk will not be cut. Pull it directly to make the main branch. .

(d) After four years, when the number of main branches is not enough, continue to cut off the extension branches of the central trunk until the tree height reaches about 3m and the number of main branches reaches 13-15. At the beginning, the central trunk is extended to form the main branch, so as to improve the ventilation and light conditions in the canopy.

The above technical solution can be optimized as follows:

(a) After planting in autumn, apply polyvinyl alcohol to dry it, and dry it before germination in the spring of the second year, or directly dry it after planting in spring. For seedlings planted with a seedling height of more than 1m, the buds are carved from a place 65cm above the ground, and the top 10cm is not carved. After planting in spring, leave more than 3cm above the full buds at a distance of 78cm from the ground, cut and dry. In mid-to-late August, choose the upright new shoots at the top as the central trunk extension branches, and the other well-grown and strong new shoots that came out in the same year and are more than 60 cm long are used as the base main branches. The opening angle of the branches is about 90°. Evenly distributed around the crown, the number of main branches at the base is required to be 4. The main branches are not cut in winter, and all branches are coated with polyvinyl alcohol to prevent cold.

(b) In the second spring, when the bleeding is the least in March before germination, carve a bud from the base of the extended branch of the central trunk at 15cm, carve another bud at an interval of 15cm, and then keep the extended branch of the central trunk at 43cm and cut it off above the full bud , In mid-to-late August, select the new shoots with the uppermost upright upwards as the central trunk extension branches, and other new shoots with an opening angle of 90° to 90° as the main branches, and other operations are the same as the first year.

(c) Repeat the operation of the second year in the third and fourth years. The tree shape is basically formed. The height of the whole tree is 2.8-3.0m, with 13-15 horizontal main branches. After the formation, the extension branches of the central trunk will not be cut. Pull it directly to make the main branch. .

(d) After four years, when the number of main branches is not enough, continue to cut off the extension branches of the central trunk until the tree height reaches about 3m and the number of main branches reaches 13-15. At the beginning, the central trunk is extended to form the main branch, so as to improve the ventilation and light conditions in the canopy.

The invention has the advantages of optimizing the width of bud carving on the main branch, the number of bud carvings and the treatment method through multiple tests, so that the saplings cultivated by the tree shape cultivation method have high and stable yields and greatly improve economic benefits.

Detailed ways

Embodiment one:

(a) After planting in autumn, apply polyvinyl alcohol to dry it, and dry it before germination in the spring of the second year, or directly dry it after planting in spring. For seedlings planted with a seedling height of more than 1m, the buds are carved from a place 60cm above the ground, and the top 10cm is not carved. After planting in spring, leave more than 3cm above the full buds at a distance of 75cm from the ground, cut and dry. In mid-to-late August, choose the upright new shoots at the top as the central trunk extension branches, and the other well-grown and strong new shoots that came out in the same year and are more than 60 cm long are used as the base main branches. The opening angle of the branches is about 90°. Evenly distributed around the crown, the number of main branches at the base is required to be 3. The main branches are not cut in winter, and all branches are coated with polyvinyl alcohol to prevent cold.

(b) In the second spring, when the bleeding is the least in March before germination, carve a bud from the base of the extended branch of the central trunk at 15 cm, carve another bud at an interval of 15 cm, and then keep the extended branch of the central trunk at 40 cm and cut it off above the full bud , In mid-to-late August, select the new shoots with the uppermost upright upwards as the central trunk extension branches, and other new shoots with an opening angle of 90° to 90° as the main branches, and other operations are the same as the first year.

(c) Repeat the operation of the second year in the third and fourth years. The tree shape is basically formed. The height of the whole tree is 2.8-3.0m, with 13-15 horizontal main branches. After the formation, the extension branches of the central trunk will not be cut. Pull it directly to make the main branch. .

(d) After four years, when the number of main branches is not enough, continue to cut off the extension branches of the central trunk until the tree height reaches about 3m and the number of main branches reaches 13-15. At the beginning, the central trunk is extended to form the main branch, so as to improve the ventilation and light conditions in the canopy.

Embodiment two:

(a) After planting in autumn, apply polyvinyl alcohol to dry it, and dry it before germination in the spring of the second year, or directly dry it after planting in spring. With seedlings planted more than 1m in seedling height, just engrave when seeing bud from 70cm from the ground, and do not engrave at the top 10cm. After planting in spring, leave more than 3cm above the full buds at a distance of 80cm from the ground, cut and dry. In mid-to-late August, choose the upright new shoots at the top as the central trunk extension branches, and the other well-grown and strong new shoots that came out in the same year and are more than 60 cm long are used as the base main branches. The opening angle of the branches is about 90°. Evenly distributed around the crown, the number of main branches at the base is required to be 4. The main branches are not cut in winter, and all branches are coated with polyvinyl alcohol to prevent cold.

(b) In the second spring, when the bleeding is the least in March before germination, carve a bud from the base of the central trunk extension branch at 15cm, carve another bud at an interval of 15cm, and then keep the central trunk extension branch at 45cm and cut it off above the full bud , In mid-to-late August, select the new shoots with the uppermost upright upwards as the central trunk extension branches, and other new shoots with an opening angle of 90° to 90° as the main branches, and other operations are the same as the first year.

(c) Repeat the operation of the second year in the third and fourth years. The tree shape is basically formed. The height of the whole tree is 2.8-3.0m, with 13-15 horizontal main branches. After the formation, the extension branches of the central trunk will not be cut. Pull it directly to make the main branch. .

(d) After four years, when the number of main branches is not enough, continue to cut off the extension branches of the central trunk until the tree height reaches about 3m and the number of main branches reaches 13-15. At the beginning, the central trunk is extended to form the main branch, so as to improve the ventilation and light conditions in the canopy.

Embodiment three:

(a) After planting in autumn, apply polyvinyl alcohol to dry it, and dry it before germination in the spring of the second year, or directly dry it after planting in spring. For seedlings planted with a seedling height of more than 1m, the buds are carved from a place 65cm above the ground, and the top 10cm is not carved. After planting in spring, leave more than 3cm above the full buds at a distance of 78cm from the ground, cut and dry. In mid-to-late August, choose the upright new shoots at the top as the central trunk extension branches, and the other well-grown and strong new shoots that came out in the same year and are more than 60 cm long are used as the base main branches. The opening angle of the branches is about 90°. Evenly distributed around the crown, the number of main branches at the base is required to be 4. The main branches are not cut in winter, and all branches are coated with polyvinyl alcohol to prevent cold.

(b) In the second spring, when the bleeding is the least in March before germination, carve a bud from the base of the extended branch of the central trunk at 15cm, carve another bud at an interval of 15cm, and then keep the extended branch of the central trunk at 43cm and cut it off above the full bud , In mid-to-late August, select the new shoots with the uppermost upright upwards as the central trunk extension branches, and other new shoots with an opening angle of 90° to 90° as the main branches, and other operations are the same as the first year.

(c) Repeat the operation of the second year in the third and fourth years. The tree shape is basically formed. The height of the whole tree is 2.8-3.0m, with 13-15 horizontal main branches. After the formation, the extension branches of the central trunk will not be cut. Pull it directly to make the main branch. .

(d) After four years, when the number of main branches is not enough, continue to cut off the extension branches of the central trunk until the tree height reaches about 3m and the number of main branches reaches 13-15. At the beginning, the central trunk is extended to form the main branch, so as to improve the ventilation and light conditions in the canopy.

Claims (2)

1. the tree-like cultural method of walnut high yield is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:

(a) back of planting autumn is coated with driedly with polyvinyl alcohol, and the 2nd year rudiment in spring predetermination done, directly fixed the doing of back of perhaps planting spring.With the nursery stock of the above field planting of height of seedling 1m, see that from 60～70cm overhead bud just carves, topmost 10cm does not carve.After planting spring, above the full bud in 75～80cm place overhead, stay to cut more than the 3cm and cut fixed doing.Mid or late August, select topmost upright young sprout to do the dried elongated shoot in center, that other send then, 60cm is above, well-grown, healthy and strong young sprout make the base portion major branch, draw about an angle of release to 90 °, around tree crown, evenly distribute, require 3～4 of base portion major branch quantity.Winter, major branch was not cut, and all branches are coated with the polyvinyl alcohol winter protection.

(b) rudiment in spring in 1 year bleeding in preceding March the most after a little while, dried elongated shoot base portion 15cm begins to carve 1 bud from the center, 15cm carves 1 bud more at interval, then center dried elongated shoot reservation 40～45cm is cut above full bud and cut, mid or late August selects the upright young sprout in the top to do the dried elongated shoot in center, the above young sprout of other 60cm that send then draws an angle of release to 90 ° to do major branch, and other operations were with 1 year.

(c) repeated the operation in 1 year in the 3rd year, the 4th year, tree-like basically forming, full height of tree degree 2.8～3.0m has 13～15 on horizontal major branch, and the dried elongated shoot of shaping rear center is no longer cut and cuts, and directly draws back and does major branch.。

(d) after 4 years, major branch quantity continues to cut when not enough cuts the dried elongated shoot in center, reaches about 3m until the height of tree, and major branch quantity reaches 13～15.It is happy that the dried elongated shoot in beginning center pulls into major branch, to improve the illumination condition that ventilates in the tree crown.

2. the tree-like cultural method of walnut as claimed in claim 1 high yield is characterized in that:

In the described step (a), with the nursery stock of the above field planting of height of seedling lm, see that from 65cm overhead bud just carves, topmost 10cm does not carve.After planting spring, above the full bud in 78cm place overhead, stay to cut more than the 3cm and cut fixed doing.Mid or late August, select topmost upright young sprout to do the dried elongated shoot in center, that other send then, 60cm is above, well-grown, healthy and strong young sprout make the base portion major branch, draw about an angle of release to 90 °, around tree crown, evenly distribute, require 4 of base portion major branch quantity.

In the described step (b), before the rudiment in spring in 1 year March bleeding the most after a little while, dried elongated shoot base portion 15cm begins to carve 1 bud from the center, 15cm carves 1 bud more at interval, then the dried elongated shoot in center is kept 43cm and cuts above full bud section.