CN104381083B - A kind of wine-growing " minimizes " trimming method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a "minimized" pruning method for grape cultivation. It includes a trunk, a frame surface, and a combination of short shoots and long shoots. The trunk is one, with a height of 0.5m (non-buried soil cold protection area) or 0.3m (buried soil cold protection area); 1.7m (non-buried cold-proof area) or 1.5m high (buried cold-proof area) and 0.5m wide; the pruning of short shoots is to leave 2 buds for winter shears, and the pruning of long shoots is to leave 0.4~0.5m for winter shears The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1, pruning in winter is simple and fast, and is convenient for foolish operation; 2, can effectively prevent the elongation of the perennial parts such as the trunk, arm and main vine of the grape plant, shorten the nutrient transportation distance, and prevent the aging of the plant ; 3. Fast forming, which is conducive to early and high yield; 4. Conducive to the mechanization of vineyard management, reducing the labor intensity of pruning and vineyard management in summer and the harm of diseases and insect pests; Quality and efficient control of output.

Description

A "minimum" pruning method for grape growing

1. Technical field:

The invention relates to a "minimized" pruning method for grape cultivation.

2. Background technology:

Grape is one of the important cultivated fruit trees in my country. According to statistics, as of 2011, my country's grape cultivation area was 568.45 thousand hectares, accounting for 8.02% of the world's total grape cultivation area of 7086.022 thousand hectares; The area and output of table grapes have been ranking first in the world for many years. In recent years, my country is in a period of rapid growth in wine consumption. From 2004 to 2011, the sales revenue of my country's wine industry maintained a growth rate of more than 16%, and the investment enthusiasm continued to rise. In 2011, my country's total wine output reached 1.1569 million liters, a year-on-year increase of 13.02%. From January to November 2012, my country's cumulative total wine output was 1.216 million liters, a year-on-year increase of 15.73%. The cumulative output growth rate increased compared with the same period of the previous year. 1.8%; the industrial sales output value of the wine manufacturing industry (above designated size) reached 32.364 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 13.84%. The rapid growth of domestic consumption power has stimulated the expansion of the wine manufacturing industry.

The traditional pruning methods of grapes in my country mostly adopt multi-main vine fan-shaped, "V" and "U" shapes, scaffolding and dragon stem shapes, but these pruning methods have high technical requirements and cumbersome operations; Nutrient transport distance, plant aging quickly; pruning in summer is cumbersome, labor-intensive, serious pests and diseases, which is not conducive to mechanized operation; the result is uneven location and uneven maturity, which seriously affects the yield and quality of grapes and even wine in our country. Therefore, invent a kind of pruning method that is easy to operate and the degree of mechanization is high and just becomes the urgent requirement of grape and wine industry.

3. Contents of the invention:

In order to solve the disadvantages in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention provides a "minimized" pruning method for grape planting, which is easy to operate and has a high degree of mechanization.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a kind of grape planting "minimization" pruning method, it is characterized in that: described method is:

1) The first year:

Furrow planting: planting ditch width 0.5m, ditch depth 0.5m, plant spacing 1.0m and row spacing;

The row spacing is 2.0m in the non-buried soil cold protection area, and 3.0m in the buried soil cold protection area;

Cut the seedlings for planting and keep two buds, and cultivate a new shoot; the aboveground part is in the shape of a vertical frame, the frame surface is 1.7m high in the non-buried cold-proof area, and 1.5m high and 0.5m wide in the buried cold-proof area; The annual branch cultivated by the first iron wire in the non-buried cold protection area is at 0.5m or the annual branch cultivated by the first iron wire in the buried cold protection area is bent to the right at 0.3m and fixed on the first iron wire;

2) Second year

In spring, the new shoots from the bud eyes should be erected upright to make them evenly distributed on the frame surface, and all the parts exceeding the frame surface should be cut off; when pruning in winter, the short shoots of the annual branches closest to the main trunk should be trimmed and 2 buds should be left. Select the two annual branches closest to the main trunk on the arm, trim the short shoots of the inner annual branches to two buds, and trim the long shoots of the outer branches, and fix the non-buried soil cold protection area on the first iron wire 0.5m above the ground. The buried cold protection area is fixed on the first iron wire 0.3m above the ground;

3) The third year and beyond

Tie the new shoots from the bud eyes upright so that they are evenly distributed on the frame surface, and cut off all the parts that exceed the frame surface; when pruning in winter, select the two annual branches closest to the main trunk on the left and right arms. After pruning the short shoots of the annual branches on the inner side and leaving two buds, and trimming the long shoots of the outer branches, the non-buried cold-proof area is fixed on the first iron wire 0.5m above the ground, and the buried cold-proof area is fixed at 0.3m above the ground. on the first wire;

The long shoot pruning is to leave 0.4~0.5m for winter cutting.

Compared with prior art, the advantages and effects that the present invention has are as follows:

1. Simple and fast pruning in winter, which is convenient for foolish operations;

2. It can effectively prevent the elongation of perennial parts such as the trunk, arm and main vine of the grape plant, shorten the nutrient transportation distance, and prevent the aging of the plant;

3. Fast forming, which is conducive to early and high yield;

4. It is conducive to the mechanization of vineyard management, reducing the labor intensity of summer pruning and vineyard management and the harm of plant diseases and insect pests;

5. The grape fruiting position is consistent, ripe and tidy, which is conducive to improving grape quality and effectively controlling yield, and achieving the goal of sustainable grape production of "high quality, stable yield, long life and beautiful appearance".

4. Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that stays with seedling cutting for field planting;

Fig. 2 is the nursery stock schematic diagram that has 1 shoot;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the winter shearing method in the first year;

Fig. 4 is the second year planting method schematic diagram;

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the method of winter shearing in the second year;

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of planting method in the third year;

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the winter shearing method in the third year;

Figure 8 shows the pruning method in the fourth year and after forming.

5. Specific implementation methods:

A "minimized" pruning method for grape planting, which includes the pruning of the main trunk, frame surface, and short shoots and long shoots. cold protection area); the frame surface is 1.7m high (non-buried cold protection area) or 1.5m high (buried soil cold protection area), and 0.5m wide; Long shoots are trimmed to leave 0.4~0.5m for winter shears.

The above-mentioned trunk is one, with a height of 0.5m (non-buried cold protection area) or 0.3m (buried earth cold protection area).

The above-mentioned frame surface is 1.7m high (non-buried cold protection area) or 1.5m high (buried soil cold protection area), and 0.5m wide.

The above-mentioned short shoot pruning stays 2 buds for the winter pruning.

The above-mentioned long shoot pruning is 0.4~0.5m for winter shearing.

The said main trunk is 1, and the height is 0.5m (non-buried soil cold protection area) or 0.3m (buried soil cold protection area); the said frame surface is 1.7m high (non-buried soil cold protection area) or 1.5m high (Buried soil cold protection area), 0.5m wide; the pruning of the short shoots is to leave 2 buds for winter shears, and the pruning of long shoots is to leave 0.4~0.5m for winter shears.

The invention comprises the following implementation steps:

1. The first year

Furrow planting: planting ditch width 0.5m, ditch depth 0.5m; plant spacing 1.0m, row spacing 2.0m (non-buried cold protection area) or 3.0m (buried soil cold protection area).

Set the first iron wire, the second iron wire and the third iron wire;

Cut off the seedlings for planting and keep two buds (Figure 1), and cultivate a new shoot (Figure 2); the aboveground part is in the shape of a stand, and the height of the shelf surface is 1.7m (non-buried cold protection area) or 1.5m (buried soil cold protection area) , the frame width is 0.5m; in winter, the cultivated annual branches are bent to the right at 0.5m (non-buried cold protection area) or 0.3m (buried soil cold protection area) (the first iron wire) and fixed on the first wire. wire (Figure 3).

2. The second year

In spring, the new shoots from the bud eyes should be erected upright, so that they can be evenly distributed on the shelf surface, and all parts exceeding the shelf surface should be cut off (Figure 4). When pruning in winter, cut the annual branches closest to the main trunk and leave 2 buds (short tip pruning), select the two annual branches closest to the main trunk on the right arm, and cut the inner annual branches to two buds (short tip pruning). Pruning), after trimming the long shoots of the outer branches, fix them on the first iron wire 0.5m (non-buried cold protection area) or 0.3m (buried soil cold protection area) from the ground (Figure 5).

3. The third year and beyond

Tie up the new shoots from the bud eyes upright, so that they are evenly distributed on the frame surface, and cut off all the parts that exceed the frame surface (Figure 6); For two annual branches, cut off the inner annual branches to leave two buds (short shoot pruning), and after pruning the long shoots of the outer branches, fix them at 0.5m from the ground (non-buried cold protection area) or 0.3m (buried soil cold protection area) on the first wire (Figure 7). The tree shape for the fourth year and after formation is shown in Figure 8.

Claims (2)

1. A grape planting "minimization" pruning method, characterized in that: the method is: 1) The first year: Furrow planting: planting ditch width 0.5m, ditch depth 0.5m, plant spacing 1.0m and row spacing; The row spacing is 2.0m in the non-buried soil cold protection area, and 3.0m in the buried soil cold protection area; Cut the seedlings for planting and keep two buds, and cultivate a new shoot; the aboveground part is in the shape of a vertical frame, the frame surface is 1.7m high in the non-buried cold-proof area, and 1.5m high and 0.5m wide in the buried cold-proof area; The annual branch cultivated by the first iron wire in the non-buried cold protection area is at 0.5m or the annual branch cultivated by the first iron wire in the buried cold protection area is bent to the right at 0.3m and fixed on the first iron wire; 2) Second year In spring, the new shoots from the bud eyes should be erected upright to make them evenly distributed on the frame surface, and all the parts exceeding the frame surface should be cut off; when pruning in winter, the short shoots of the annual branches closest to the main trunk should be trimmed and 2 buds should be left. Select the two annual branches closest to the main trunk on the arm, trim the short shoots of the inner annual branches to two buds, and trim the long shoots of the outer branches, and fix the non-buried soil cold protection area on the first iron wire 0.5m above the ground. The buried cold protection area is fixed on the first iron wire 0.3m above the ground; 3) The third year and beyond Tie the new shoots from the bud eyes upright so that they are evenly distributed on the frame surface, and cut off all the parts that exceed the frame surface; when pruning in winter, select the two annual branches closest to the main trunk on the left and right arms. After pruning the short shoots of the annual branches on the inner side and leaving two buds, and trimming the long shoots of the outer branches, the non-buried cold-proof area is fixed on the first iron wire 0.5m above the ground, and the buried cold-proof area is fixed at 0.3m above the ground. On the first wire. 2. The "minimization" pruning method for grape planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pruning of the long shoots is 0.4-0.5m for winter pruning.