CN103189090A - 人工气道装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明一种用于协助患者肺部通气的人工气道装置(1),该人工气道装置(1)包括气道管体(2)及载于该气道管体一端的罩体(3),罩体(3)具有远端(4)、近端(5)和外围形成体(6),该外围形成体(6)能够绕喉部入口的周边形成密封,外围形成体(6)环绕罩体(3)的中空内部空间或内腔(7),气道管体(2)的孔腔开口于所述罩体内腔(7)内,气道管体(2)包括支托装置(44),从而孔腔的横截面积在患者齿部施加压力的情况下大致保持不变,同时使管件可在齿部接触的位置发生局部变形。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种人工气道装置。
背景技术
人工气道装置(如喉罩气道装置)是用于为昏迷患者建立气道的常用装置。在其最基本的形式中,喉罩气道装置由气道管体和罩体组成,罩体载于气道管体的一端,罩体具有通常称为“套囊”的外围形成体,该外围形成体能够符合并配合于患者喉头后侧的实际隙间和潜在隙间中,从而该外围形成体绕着喉部入口形成密封。套囊可充气,在大多数的各种类型中,套囊围绕罩体的中空内部空间或内腔,至少一个气道管体开口于内腔中。第4509514号美国专利是描述此类喉罩气道装置的诸多公开文献之一。这种装置已沿用多年并且可为年长者提供另一种选择,即更为常用的气管内导管。对于使用长达70年的气管内导管,其包括具有充气球囊的细长导管,充气球囊置于导管的远端,气管内导管用于为昏迷患者建立气道。在操作中,气管内导管的远端插入患者的嘴部而穿过患者的气管。一经如此定位后,球囊便进行充气,从而与气管内层形成密封。这种密封形成之后,可向导管的近端施加正压,以使患者肺部通气。此外,球囊和气管内层之间的密封防止肺部吸气(例如,密封可防止从胃部返流的物质被吸入患者的肺部)。
与气管内导管相比,喉罩气道装置相对易于插入患者并由此建立气道。此外,喉罩气道装置是一种“宽容”装置,其原因在于即使以不适当的方式插入喉罩气道装置,它仍有助于气道的建立。因此,喉罩气道装置通常被认为是一种“救生”装置。此外,仅需对患者的头部、颈部和颌部进行相对轻微地推移即可插入喉罩气道装置。再者,喉罩气道装置无需接触敏感的气管内层即可为患者肺部提供通气,并且其所建立的气道的尺寸通常显著大于利用气管内导管所建立的气道的尺寸。而且,喉罩气道装置并不会如同气管内导管一般妨碍到进行咳嗽。喉罩气道装置在近些年来得到日益普及主要是具有这些优点的缘故。
第5303697号和第6079409号美国专利描述了现有技术装置的实例,可称为“插管式喉罩气道装置”。插管式装置的附加优点在于可协助插入气管内导管。插管式喉罩气道装置置入患者之后,该装置可用作随后插入气管内导管的导向装置。使用这种样式的喉罩气道装置有助于进行通常所称的气管内导管的“盲插”。仅需轻微移动患者的头部、颈部和颌部即可插入插管式喉罩气道装置,装置一经置入患者,实际上不必再额外移动患者即可插入气管内导管。与之相比,倘若不借助插管式喉罩气道装置而插入气管内导管,则必须对患者的头部、颈部和颌部进行相对较大的移动。再者,这些装置允许使用者在无需经由中间位置而移动患者头部或颈部的情况下在任意使用位置单手将其插入,并且还可在无需将手指插入患者嘴部的情况下将其置于适当位置。最后,可以确信,这些装置本身是相当独特的气道装置,在尝试插管期间仍可进行通气控制并可持续对患者进行充氧,借此降低减饱和的可能性。
具有所述特征的人工气道装置可由第4509514号美国专利、第5249571号美国专利、第5282464号美国专利、第5297547号美国专利、第5303697号美国专利以及第2205499号英国专利所披露的内容作为示例。
再者,具有额外提供用于胃排泄引流的装置可由第0794807号欧洲专利、第4995388号美国专利(图7至图10)、第5241956号美国专利以及第5355879号美国专利作为示例,通常称为胃喉罩。患者在昏迷状态下处于胃部内容物的呕吐或返流的危险中时,这类罩体能够确保为这些患者提供气道。通过阅读这些现有技术文献可知,出于不舍弃上述较简单设计的所有优势的设计目的,胃喉罩经常出现诸多与设计和制造要求相冲突的情况。
因此,一般而言,喉罩气道装置旨在提供一种具有某种截面的气道管体,从而确保肺部具有极其充分的空气流通。考虑到胃返流的设计的特征在于具有相对复杂的内部连接和截面,它们是考虑用于在胃返流中可能出现大量固体物质的较难处理的情况。因此,在适用于咽下部直接使用的罩体的远端提供胃排放口会致使这种罩体趋于笨重且不易移动,从而使正确插入罩体的难度增大。过于笨重且不易移动的罩体与利用远端柔性循着患者身体解剖结构的背部曲度而进行插入的要求相悖,从而无法有效避免发生创伤。另外,这也使产品的制造难度加大、制作成本增加并且装置故障的风险升高。
相对于更为传统的液态硅橡胶(LSR),诸如此类问题对于由相对较硬材料(如PVC)形成的装置而言尤为严重。通常,由于聚氯乙烯(PVC)等材料的制作成本较低并且具有用作“一次性使用”装置的经济效益,因此利用这些材料所形成的装置更具吸引力。然而,PVC和PVC胶黏剂与LSR相比具有实质性差异,如计示硬度增加,这会使装置的使用性能受到影响。例如,在给定的空气量下可观察出LSR套囊的膨胀尺寸大于与之相较的PVC套囊的膨胀尺寸。这种较佳的弹性可使LSR套囊提供解剖结构上的良好密封且粘膜压力减小。为了缩小性能差距,必须减小PVC套囊壁的厚度。然而,在放气并准备插入的过程中,经由气道管体传递至套囊远侧顶端的插入力无法被充分吸收,因此壁厚减小的PVC套囊会遭受不良的弯曲反应。套囊组件需放气至某一厚度来保持抗弯性能,即防止发生会厌夹闭,而在套囊组件充气时,壁厚小于或等于0.4毫米的套囊形成符合要求的密封。在罩体背板和套囊均由PVC形成的情况下,实际上PVC增加的计示硬度与抗弯性能(迟滞性)成反比,这意味着,PVC所制成的装置的抗弯性能在反应度、响应度和形变恢复度方面劣于与之相较的LSR所制成的装置。
喉罩在初期所遭遇的问题是由于患者齿部的咬合或磨耗而压碎气道管体,甚至刺穿气道管体。可以想到,气道管体经患者嘴部的齿间伸出,通常与门齿对齐。本发明的发明人通过提供具有与圆形截面形成对照的扁形截面的气道管体使该问题得以解决。本申请结合附图对这种气道管体进行说明。由于扁形截面管体所需的齿间间隙更小并且可制成其用于气体流通的横截区域与圆形截面管件的截面区域相同或更大,因此扁形截面管件几乎不会接触到患者的齿部。
本发明的发明人设计的另一用于防止压碎或刺穿气道管体的方案是牙垫。目前,各种类型的喉罩均普遍采用牙垫。牙垫是装置的一部分,当装置处于适当位置时,牙垫置于患者的齿间,设计为可防止齿部造成压碎或刺穿。可通过增加气道管体壁部的厚度、由较硬的材料形成管体的相关部分以及在气道管体材料的内侧或外侧增加加固物来制作牙垫。尽管所有这些方案均有助于防止压碎或刺穿管件,但其装置亦在或大或小的程度上增加损坏患者齿部的可能性,特别是气道管体尤为可能使患者遭受创伤。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于寻求可减轻诸如上述问题的解决方式。
根据本发明提供一种用于协助患者肺部通气的人工气道装置,该人工气道装置包括气道管体以及载于该气道管体一端的罩体,罩体具有远端、近端和外围形成体,该外围形成体能够绕喉部入口的周边形成密封,外围形成体环绕罩体的中空内部空间或内腔,气道管体的孔腔开口于罩体内腔内,气道管体包括支托装置,从而孔腔的横截面积在患者齿部施加压力的情况下大致保持不变,同时使管件可在齿部接触的位置发生局部变形。以这种方式,本发明提供一种具有气道管体的装置,可防止压碎或刺穿气道管体,并同时免遭患者齿部所带来的损坏。
支托装置可包括插入体,该插入体位于气道管体中。插入体可包括壁部,该壁部配置成与气道管体相接触并支撑气道管体,壁部包括切去部分,该切去部分在使用中所处位置与患者齿部所咬合的方向对齐。
作为另一可选方案,支托装置可包括气道管体的外部套管。套管可包括壁部,该壁部配置成与气道管体相接触并支撑气道管体,壁部包括切去部分,该切去部分在使用中所处位置与患者齿部所咬合的方向对齐。
外围形成体可充气,例如充气式套囊。
优选地,罩体从近端向远端形成大体呈凸状弯曲的形状。更优选地,罩体主体包括板状体,板状体具有背侧和腹侧,背侧大致平滑并沿其宽度方向具有凸曲度。同样优选地,气道管体的背侧面的曲度与板状体宽度方向的曲度对应。这些优选方案均有助于使罩体的插入更为容易。
优选地,气道管体包括与罩体主体相比更具刚性的材料。优选地,气道管体和罩体主体均包括塑性材料。
附图说明
下面将通过实施例并结合附图进一步说明本发明,附图中:
图1是根据本发明所述装置的仰视图或腹视图;
图2是如图1所示装置的一部分的分解视图;
图3是如图1所示装置的罩体的立体腹视图;
图4是如图3所示罩体在第一位置的正面端视图;
图5是如图3所示罩体在第二位置的正面端视图;
图6是如图1所示装置的侧视图;
图7是如图1所示装置的俯视图或背视图。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图,图中示出一种用于协助患者肺部通气的人工气道装置1,该人工气道装置1包括气道管体2及载于该气道管体2一端的罩体3,罩体3具有远端4、近端5和外围形成体6,该外围形成体6能够绕喉部入口的周边形成密封,外围形成体6环绕罩体3的中空内部空间或内腔7,气道管体2的孔腔开口于罩体内腔7内,气道管体2包括支托装置44,从而孔腔的横截面积在患者齿部施加压力的情况下大致保持不变,同时使管件可在齿部接触的位置发生局部变形。
从图中可以看出,即使装置1所包含的基本部分(如气道管体2和罩体3)并未构成喉罩气道装置的整体,但这些基本部分构成其大部分的结构,因此装置1就整体外观而言略类似于现有装置。罩体3包括主体部11和外围形成体6两个组件,主体部11通常称为背板(如图6和图7所示),在图中,外围形成体6所采用的形式是具有充气管路12的充气式套囊。
为了便于说明,对装置1的某些部位指定编号(与其组成部件形成对照),据此参照图6和图7,装置1具有背侧14、腹侧15、近端16(从某种意义上说,该端部是最近接使用者而非患者的一端)、远端17以及左右侧18和19。
首先,参照所示实施方案中的管体2,气道管体2包括模塑成与身体解剖结构上的弯曲形状相称的相对较硬的PVC材料(如shore 90A ColoritePVC)。管体2具有一定柔性,从而管体2会在弯曲后恢复至其原始形状。尽管管体2可以这种方式发生弹性形变,但管体2也具有足够的硬度,可用作对罩体进行定位的手柄和导向装置,使其有助于将装置1插入患者。气道管体2并不具有诸多现有装置中的圆形截面,而是在背侧/腹侧方向呈压扁状,这有助于正确插入装置1并防止发生扭结,由于其形状通常与自然气道的形状相仿,从而有助于舒适地将其定位至患者。在该实施方案中,气道管体2的两侧18和19均包括凹槽或通道20,该凹槽或通道20在管体近端至其远端的大部分长度上延伸。这些凹槽20还有助于防止气道管体发生碎裂或扭结。这些凹槽20沿两侧18和19的内表面在气道管体2内部形成脊部,但这并非对其进行操作所必需的设置。
气道管体的另一特征在于食道排放管41。该排放管41位于气道管体2内,在气道管体2的中心自近端向远端延伸穿过气道管体2。在该实施方案中,排放管41配置成与气道管体2的背侧壁部2b的内表面相接触,排放管41被凸起的平滑壁部(图中未示)环绕,这些壁部形成排放管41穿入其中的浅槽。在气道管体2的近端,排放管41通过双叉式连接器42的支管42a脱离气道管体2,双叉式连接器42可装有吸气管路。双叉式连接器42也可通过支管42b使气道管体与供气装置相连接。在此,支管42b由相对较硬的塑性材料(相较于气道管体2)构成,从而更易于空气传输管路与吸气管的连接。参照图2,连接器42包括略扁的锥形中空连接器主体43,该连接器主体43确定具有支管42a和42b的围套腔,支管42a和42b自连接器主体43的较窄的近端伸出。锥形主体43包括环形凸缘42c,突片42d自环形凸缘42c向通常垂直于连接器纵轴的方向延伸。
参照图2,插入部分44自锥形主体43的远端纵向延伸,形成支撑管件2的牙垫,以免患者齿部压碎或刺穿管体2。插入部分44可具有管状形状,在背侧至腹侧方向上呈压扁状,具有去除壁部而留下的空隙44e和“臂部”44a两部分,这两部分沿管体2向远侧延伸。插入部分44的形状和尺寸与气道管体2的近端的内部形状对应,从而插入部分44可紧贴地装入其中,曲状臂部44a与气道管体2的近端的轮廓一致,由此为气道管体的侧面提供支撑和刚度。由于去除壁部的部分44e,虽然管体2仍受到整体支撑,但气道管体2与所去除部分邻接的部分所受到的支撑减少,以具有相对较软的可变形表面。特别地,可以理解,利用对应成形的壁部44a对气道管体的侧面进行支撑可防止压碎气道管体。由柔软的顺应性材料所制成的套管45接合于围绕管体2外侧的位置,覆盖插入部分44所置入的区域,为了容纳这部分,该位置的气道管体壁厚度减小,从而在位置46的整体厚度不会增加。由此可以理解,这种配置所提供的牙垫不仅在装置使用过程中患者齿部通常所处的位置支撑气道管体,还可借由低硬度部分防止齿部受到损伤。可以理解,这种形式的连接器也可应用于不包括食道排放管的气道装置。
现在再次对罩体3进行说明,罩体3由主体部11和外围套囊6两部分组成,主体部11通常称作背板。
背板11是由shore50A Vythene PVC及聚氨酯(PU)模制成型。这种材料比气道管体2的材料更软且更容易发生形变。从背侧或腹侧方向来看,背板11包括通常为椭圆造型,具有平滑的背侧面24以及成型的腹侧面24a(图5)。背侧面24从一侧至另一侧的凸曲度与气道管体的背侧面的曲度对应,并且背侧面24在纵向方向也呈曲状,在连接部分24b开始具有曲度,以恒定的曲率向远侧顶端延伸。由此,顶端在腹侧相对于气道管体的远端产生偏置,在所组装的装置1中,为使罩体中产生适于患者身体解剖结构的曲度,远侧顶端的位移范围约为20毫米或10度。在插入时,顶端的这种位移协助罩体在插入过程中进行“转弯”。
背板11包括一体成型的圆筒状排放管20,该排放管20自其近端向远端延伸。排放管20在近端的尺寸制成可使其连接至气道管体的排放管。在其远端,排放管20的壁部具有切去部分21及平滑翻边。
罩体3的第二部分是外围套囊6。在该实施方案中,套囊6由PVC吹塑成型并采用通常椭圆形的充气环的形式,相对较厚的近端37具有充气口38,相对较薄的远端渐窄,呈“楔形”轮廓39。在远端,套囊的背侧面形成有通道22,通道22呈开口C形状,在近侧至远侧方向上延至套囊的顶端。套囊6一体成型为一片式结构。所具有的楔形轮廓使背侧的表面积与腹侧相比略大。由此,在套囊6放气时,其远端从背侧偏向腹侧发生卷曲。
套囊6接合于背板11,从而排放管20的切去部分延伸至背板11背侧面的通道22,由此形成管体,该管体的部分壁部是由背板和部分套囊6构成。管体终止于套囊的远侧末端位置或其正前方,平滑边缘向背侧方向呈一定程度的扩口。
在使用过程中,以常规方式利用这种类型的装置将放气的装置3插入患者。如上所述,气道管体2所具有的相对刚度允许使用者握牢气道管体2并利用气道管体2将装置1导入患者,而背板的相对较软的更顺应的材质则意味着罩体会更容易发生形变,从而在不对身体解剖结构造成损伤的情况下顺利通过而插入通路,并且罩体会恢复其最佳形状,以确保在最大限度的插入状态实现良好密封。远侧顶端相对于背板11和气道管体2之间的接合处所发生的腹侧位移进一步增强插入的容易性,这是由于远侧顶端会因此呈现最佳角度而在插入通路中顺利发生“弯曲”。与通常采用的LSR相比,在由相对较硬的材料(如PVC)所构成的装置中,这些特征对易于插入并提供加强密封而言尤为重要。一经置于适当位置,气道管体2的曲状侧壁受到支托件44的对应曲状臂部44a的支撑,因此支托件44防止患者齿部压碎或刺穿气道管体2。而切去部分的间隙44e可使管件2的表面发生一定的变形,因此管体2还可防止齿部遭受损坏。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于帮助患者肺部通气的人工气道装置,该人工气道装置包括一气道管体以及一载于该气道管体一端的罩体,所述罩体具有一远端、一近端及一外围形成体,该外围形成体可绕喉部入口的周边形成密封,所述外围形成体环绕所述罩体的一中空内部空间或内腔,所述气道管体的孔腔开口于所述罩体的所述内腔内,所述气道管体包括一支托装置,从而所述孔腔的横截面积在患者齿部施加压力的情况下大致保持不变,同时使所述管件可在齿部接触的位置发生局部变形。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述支托装置包括一插入体,该插入体位于所述气道管体内。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中所述插入体包括一壁部,该壁部配置成与所述气道管体相接触并支撑所述气道管体,所述壁部包括一切去部分,该切去部分在使用中所处位置与患者齿部所咬合的方向对齐。
4.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中所述插入体包括一所述气道管体的外部套管,该套管包括一壁部,该壁部配置成与所述气道管体相接触并支撑所述气道管体,所述壁部包括一切去部分,该切去部分在使用中所处位置与患者齿部所咬合的方向对齐。
5.根据任一前述权利要求所述的装置,其中所述外围形成体包括一充气式套囊。
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-
2010
- 2010-10-01 GB GBGB1016562.9A patent/GB201016562D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2011
- 2011-09-29 US US13/876,146 patent/US9974912B2/en active Active
- 2011-09-29 MY MYPI2013001117A patent/MY168186A/en unknown
- 2011-09-29 US US13/876,150 patent/US20130247907A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-09-29 BR BR112013007803A patent/BR112013007803A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-09-29 CN CN201180047421.4A patent/CN103189090B/zh active Active
- 2011-09-29 EP EP11779193.9A patent/EP2621570A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-09-29 EP EP11782455.7A patent/EP2621571B1/en active Active
- 2011-09-29 AU AU2011309866A patent/AU2011309866B2/en active Active
- 2011-09-29 CN CN2011800474572A patent/CN103328029A/zh active Pending
- 2011-09-29 AU AU2011309865A patent/AU2011309865B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-09-29 BR BR112013007811A patent/BR112013007811A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-09-29 JP JP2013530793A patent/JP2013538642A/ja active Pending
- 2011-09-29 WO PCT/GB2011/001421 patent/WO2012042219A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-09-29 WO PCT/GB2011/001420 patent/WO2012042218A1/en active Application Filing
- 2011-09-29 JP JP2013530792A patent/JP2013538641A/ja active Pending
- 2011-09-29 ES ES11782455.7T patent/ES2593255T3/es active Active
- 2011-09-29 CA CA2812639A patent/CA2812639C/en active Active
- 2011-09-29 CA CA2812638A patent/CA2812638A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-09-30 TW TW100135458A patent/TW201217015A/zh unknown
- 2011-09-30 TW TW100135450A patent/TW201217014A/zh unknown
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2016
- 2016-03-16 JP JP2016052199A patent/JP2016105906A/ja active Pending
- 2016-03-16 JP JP2016052203A patent/JP2016105907A/ja active Pending
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2018
- 2018-02-27 JP JP2018033272A patent/JP2018089427A/ja active Pending
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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BR112013007803A2 (pt) | 2016-06-07 |
CN103189090B (zh) | 2016-08-03 |
TW201217015A (en) | 2012-05-01 |
WO2012042219A1 (en) | 2012-04-05 |
GB201016562D0 (en) | 2010-11-17 |
CA2812639C (en) | 2018-03-13 |
JP2018089427A (ja) | 2018-06-14 |
AU2011309865A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
CA2812639A1 (en) | 2012-04-05 |
US9974912B2 (en) | 2018-05-22 |
BR112013007811A2 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
MY168186A (en) | 2018-10-12 |
CA2812638A1 (en) | 2012-04-05 |
AU2011309866A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
EP2621571A1 (en) | 2013-08-07 |
JP2016105907A (ja) | 2016-06-16 |
JP2016105906A (ja) | 2016-06-16 |
WO2012042218A1 (en) | 2012-04-05 |
JP2013538642A (ja) | 2013-10-17 |
EP2621570A1 (en) | 2013-08-07 |
JP2013538641A (ja) | 2013-10-17 |
ES2593255T3 (es) | 2016-12-07 |
US20130247907A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
CN103328029A (zh) | 2013-09-25 |
US20130247917A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
TW201217014A (en) | 2012-05-01 |
AU2011309865B2 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
AU2011309866B2 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
EP2621571B1 (en) | 2016-06-22 |
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Effective date of registration: 20180112 Address after: Irish Hamilton Patentee after: Unlimited Company of life science. Address before: Seychelles Vitoria - MA Xidao Roche District P.O. Box 221 Patentee before: Laryngeal Mask Company Ltd. |