CN103011979B - Special rice sheeted fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a tablet fertilizer specially used for rice and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fertilizers. It is characterized in that it contains the following components by weight: 30-90 parts of organic fertilizer, 5-50 parts of compound fertilizer, 0.5-10 parts of biological bacterial fertilizer, 1-30 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 1-10 parts of water-retaining agent, and 0.00001 parts of sodium naphthalene acetate -10 parts, cytokinin 0.000001-1 part. The above-mentioned special tablet fertilizer for rice and its preparation method, the tablet fertilizer contains the full amount of N, P, K and other micronutrient elements required for the growth and development of rice in the whole growth period, and is applied once when the paddy field is plowed. After application, it is deposited in the mud layer of about 5cm on the surface by gravity, and gradually melts and releases as the rice grows and develops, with high fertilizer efficiency and low cost.

Description

A kind of tablet fertilizer special for rice and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a tablet fertilizer specially used for paddy rice and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Fertilizer has become an important means of production in modern rice production. Due to China's food security problems, the application of fertilizers is more important in the production of food, especially rice. According to the characteristics of rice growth and yield formation, high-yield rice production requires the application of base fertilizer once (the base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer), and topdressing fertilizer twice (about 5 days after transplanting the seedlings and about 15 days after transplanting, Quick-acting fertilizers such as nitrogen fertilizers and potassium fertilizers are the main ones) and primary ear fertilizers (compound fertilizers and nitrogen fertilizers are the main ones). The method of fertilization in paddy fields is mainly field surface application, including base fertilizer application before transplanting rice and topdressing application after transplanting. After the fertilizer is applied to the field surface, it dissolves in the water layer, then penetrates into the soil of the plow layer, and moves to the vicinity of the rice root system for root absorption and utilization. When rice is transplanted, the plants are small and the root system is small, but in order to promote the growth of seedlings as soon as possible, a large amount of base fertilizer and top dressing (commonly known as "one cannon") are often used. As a result, some problems are caused, such as excessive fertilization, large diameter surface loss, low fertilizer utilization and increased costs.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to design and provide a kind of technical scheme of paddy tablet fertilizer and preparation method thereof, and this tablet fertilizer satisfies all the nutrients needed for the growth and development of rice in the whole growth period, When plowing the whole field, it is applied at one time, and nutrients are released according to the characteristics of rice growth and development, with high fertilizer efficiency and low cost.

The special tablet fertilizer for rice is characterized in that it contains the following components by weight: 30-90 parts of organic fertilizer, 5-50 parts of compound fertilizer, 0.5-10 parts of biological bacterial fertilizer, 1-30 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 1-10 parts of water-retaining agent, 0.00001-10 parts of sodium naphthalene acetate, and 0.000001-1 part of cytokinin.

The special tablet fertilizer for rice is characterized in that the content of organic fertilizer is 40-80 parts, preferably 50-60 parts.

The special tablet fertilizer for rice is characterized in that the content of the compound fertilizer is 10-40 parts, preferably 20-30 parts.

The special tablet fertilizer for rice is characterized in that the content of biological bacterial fertilizer is 1.0-8 parts, preferably 2-5 parts.

The special tablet fertilizer for rice is characterized in that the content of nitrogen fertilizer is 5-20 parts, preferably 10-15 parts.

The special tablet fertilizer for rice is characterized in that the content of the water retaining agent is 2-8 parts, preferably 4-6 parts.

The special tabletting fertilizer for rice is characterized in that the content of sodium naphthalene acetate is 0.0001-8 parts, preferably 0.1-2 parts.

The special tablet fertilizer for rice is characterized in that the content of cytokinin is 0.00001-0.8 part, preferably 0.1-0.2 part.

A kind of preparation method of special tablet fertilizer for rice is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

1) According to 30-90 parts of organic fertilizer, 5-50 parts of compound fertilizer; 0.5-10 parts of biological fertilizer; 1-30 parts of nitrogen fertilizer; 1-10 parts of water-retaining agent; The above-mentioned substances are weighed in a weight ratio of -1 part, and set aside;

2) Crush the raw materials separately, sieve them into 100-150 meshes, and dry the sifted raw material powders in vacuum at 20-35°C;

3) The dried raw materials are evenly mixed under dry conditions;

4) Press the mixed raw materials into tablets to obtain the special tablet fertilizer for rice.

Organic fertilizer, commonly known as farmyard manure, refers to a slow-acting fertilizer that contains a large amount of biological matter, animal and plant residues, excrement, biological waste and other substances. Nutrients, organic fertilizer is the most comprehensive fertilizer, not only can provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, but also has a long fertilizer effect, can increase and renew soil organic matter, promote microbial reproduction, improve soil physical and chemical properties and biological activity, and is the main nutrient for green food production.

Compound fertilizer refers to a fertilizer made only by chemical methods with at least two of the three nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. It is a kind of compound fertilizer. Compound fertilizer has high nutrient content, side effects The advantages of less ingredients and good physical properties play a very important role in balancing fertilization, improving fertilizer utilization, and promoting high and stable yields of crops; but it also has some disadvantages, such as its nutrient ratio is always fixed, and different soils, different The types, quantities and ratios of nutrients required by crops are diverse. Therefore, it is best to test the soil before use to understand the texture and nutritional status of the field soil. In addition, attention should be paid to the application of unit fertilizers in order to obtain better results. . The content of nitrogen in the compound fertilizer that the present invention adopts is 15%.

The biological fertilizer, also known as biological fertilizer, bacterial fertilizer, bacterial fertilizer or inoculant, etc., biological fertilizer is bacteria rather than fertilizer, because it does not contain the nutrient elements needed for plant growth and development, but only contains a large number of microorganisms , Improve the nutritional conditions of crops through the life activities of microorganisms in the soil. The biological bacterial fertilizer adopted in the present invention can be the Spiked microbial bacterial fertilizer produced by Dalian Spiked Biological Technology Co., Ltd.

Nitrogen fertilizer refers to the chemical fertilizer containing the crop nutrient element nitrogen. The element nitrogen plays a very important role in the growth of crops. It is a component of amino acids in plants, a component of protein, and a component of chlorophyll that plays a decisive role in photosynthesis of plants. As a component, nitrogen can also help crops reproduce, and the application of nitrogen fertilizers can not only increase the yield of agricultural products, but also improve the quality of agricultural products. The nitrogenous fertilizer that the present invention adopts is one or more mixtures in urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate.

The water-retaining agent is a superabsorbent resin, which is a functional polymer material with a particularly strong water-absorbing capacity. It is non-toxic and harmless, and can release and absorb water repeatedly. Therefore, people in agriculture compare it to a "miniature reservoir". At the same time, it can also absorb fertilizers and pesticides and release them slowly to increase fertilizer and drug effects.

The sodium naphthalene acetate is a broad-spectrum, high-efficiency, low-toxic plant growth conditioner, which can rapidly promote cell division and expansion, induce the formation of adventitious roots, and has the functions of regulating growth, promoting rooting, germination, flowering, preventing flower and fruit drop, forming Seedless fruit, promoting early maturity, increasing production, etc., can also enhance the ability of plants to resist drought, cold, disease, salt and alkali, and dry and hot wind.

The cytokinin, aliased as 6-BA, 6-benzylaminoadenine, is a kind of N6-isopentenyl adenine isolated from corn or other plants, which is produced in the roots of plants to promote cytokinesis A substance that promotes the differentiation and growth of various tissues, and has a synergistic effect with auxin, a plant hormone that regulates the growth and development of plant cells.

The above-mentioned special tablet fertilizer for rice and its preparation method, the tablet fertilizer contains the full amount of N, P, K and other micronutrient elements required for the growth and development of rice in the whole growth period, and is applied once when the paddy field is plowed. After application, it is deposited in the mud layer of about 5cm on the surface by gravity, and gradually melts and releases as the rice grows and develops, with high fertilizer efficiency and low cost. During the preparation, the raw materials are pulverized separately to improve the utilization efficiency of various nutrients in the raw materials; the raw materials are vacuum-dried, and the characteristics of each nutritional component do not change; Sink into the surface mud, dissolve into the field mud layer, close to the rice root layer, less water flow, high absorption and utilization; the nutrients for rice growth and development are made into tablets, small doses are used as rice seedling fertilizers, and large doses are used as rice field production fertilizers.

Unless otherwise specified, the percentages involved in this application document are all percentages by weight.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.

Example 1:

1) According to 30 kg of organic fertilizer, 50 kg of compound fertilizer; 0.5 kg of biological fertilizer; 15.5 kg of urea (nitrogen fertilizer); 2 kg of water retaining agent; 1 kg of sodium naphthalene acetate; 1 kg of cytokinin, spare;

2) Crush the raw materials separately, sieve them into 100 meshes, and dry the sifted raw material powders in vacuum at 35°C;

3) The dried raw materials are evenly mixed under dry conditions;

4) Press the mixed raw materials into tablets to obtain the special tablet fertilizer for rice.

Example 2:

1) According to 90 kg of organic fertilizer, 5 kg of compound fertilizer; 1 kg of biological bacterial fertilizer; 1 kg of ammonium nitrate (nitrogen fertilizer); 1 kg of water retention agent; 1 kg of sodium naphthalene acetate;

2) Crush the raw materials separately, sieve them into 100 meshes, and dry the sifted raw material powders in vacuum at 35°C;

3) The dried raw materials are evenly mixed under dry conditions;

4) Press the mixed raw materials into tablets to obtain the special tablet fertilizer for rice.

Example 3:

1) According to 50 kg of organic fertilizer, 30 kg of compound fertilizer; 0.5 kg of biological fertilizer; 5 kg of urea (nitrogen fertilizer); 2 kg of water retention agent; 1 kg of sodium naphthalene acetate; 1 kg of cytokinin, spare;

2) Crush the raw materials separately, sieve them into 100 meshes, and dry the sifted raw material powders in vacuum at 35°C;

3) The dried raw materials are evenly mixed under dry conditions;

4) Press the mixed raw materials into tablets to obtain the special tablet fertilizer for rice.

Example 4:

1) According to 60 kg of organic fertilizer, 20 kg of compound fertilizer; 0.5 kg of biological fertilizer; 18 kg of urea (nitrogen fertilizer); 2 kg of water retention agent; 1 kg of sodium naphthalene acetate; 1 kg of cytokinin, spare;

2) Crush the raw materials separately, sieve them into 100 meshes, and dry the sifted raw material powders in vacuum at 35°C;

3) The dried raw materials are evenly mixed under dry conditions;

4) Press the mixed raw materials into tablets to obtain the special tablet fertilizer for rice.

Example 5:

1) According to 40 kg of organic fertilizer, 40 kg of compound fertilizer; 0.5 kg of biological fertilizer; 20 kg of urea (nitrogen fertilizer); 2 kg of water retention agent; 1 kg of sodium naphthalene acetate; 1 kg of cytokinin, spare;

2) Crush the raw materials separately, sieve them into 100 meshes, and dry the sifted raw material powders in vacuum at 35°C;

3) The dried raw materials are evenly mixed under dry conditions;

4) Press the mixed raw materials into tablets to obtain the special tablet fertilizer for rice.

Embodiment 6:

1) According to 80 kg of organic fertilizer, 15 kg of compound fertilizer; 0.5 kg of biological fertilizer; 25 kg of urea (nitrogen fertilizer); 2 kg of water-retaining agent; 1 kg of sodium naphthalene acetate; 1 kg of cytokinin, spare;

2) Crush the raw materials separately, sieve them into 100 meshes, and dry the sifted raw material powders in vacuum at 35°C;

3) The dried raw materials are evenly mixed under dry conditions;

4) Press the mixed raw materials into tablets to obtain the special tablet fertilizer for rice.

The above special tablet fertilizer for rice is formulated with all the nutrients needed for the growth and development of rice in the whole growth period; the ingredients of the raw materials are separately crushed and passed through a 100-mesh sieve to improve the utilization efficiency of various nutrients in the raw materials; the raw materials are vacuum-dried, and each The characteristics of the nutritional components do not change; after the raw material powder is mixed and pressed into tablets, the tablet has a high density, and when applied in the field, it sinks into the surface mud and dissolves into the field mud layer, which is close to the rice root layer, with less running water and high absorption and utilization. Make rice growth and development nutrient components into compressed tablets, use small doses as rice seedling fertilizer, and large doses as rice field production fertilizer.

Further illustrate the beneficial effect of the present invention by experiment below.

Test 1:

The growth of rice seedlings after one-time fertilization with special tablet fertilizer for rice after transplanting was compared with the fertilizer management in the high-yield field. Other field management methods were the same. The results are shown in Table 1. the

Table 1 shows the growth of rice seedlings after one-time fertilization with rice special tablet fertilizer after transplanting. It can be seen from the table that when the seedlings were transplanted for 15 days, the total number of roots per plant, the number of white roots per plant, and the number of tillers per plant of the seedlings treated with the tablet fertilizer were all doubled compared with those of the control; the average leaf age and average plant height increased significantly. The analysis showed that the seedlings treated with the tablet fertilizer turned green and the growth was significantly faster than that of the control, especially the root development and tillering after transplanting. Carry out the same test with embodiment 3-6 and also can obtain the beneficial effect described in the present invention.

Test 2:

The paddy yield and output of rice special tablet fertilizer are compared with the fertilizer management in the production of Shangfengyi field, and the other field management methods are the same. The results are shown in Table 2. the

Table 2 shows the actual yield and yield components of Zhongjiazao 32 and Guodao 6 after one-time basal application of tablet fertilizer. It can be seen from Table 2 that the actual yield of Zhongjiazao 32 and Guodao 6 with foreign soil matrix seed dressing and sowing-covering soil was significantly higher than that of the control. In the analysis of yield factors, the tablet fertilizer treatment mainly significantly increased the number of effective panicles in the field, but had no significant effect on the total number of grains per panicle and seed setting rate. Carry out the same test with embodiment 3-6 and also can obtain the beneficial effect described in the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. the special compressing tablet of paddy rice is fertile, it is characterized in that adopting following methods preparation:

1) according to fertilizer 40-80 part, composite fertilizer 10-40 part; Bio-bacterial manure 1.0-8 part; Nitrogenous fertilizer 5-20 part; Water-holding agent 2-8 part; Nafusaku 0.0001-8 part; The weight proportion of phytokinin 0.00001-0.8 part takes above-mentioned substance, for subsequent use;

2) pulverized respectively by raw material, sieve 100-150 order respectively, by the raw material powder of sieving respectively 20-35 DEG C of vacuum-drying;

3) dried raw material Homogeneous phase mixing under dry condition;

4) by mixed raw material compressing tablet, the special compressing tablet of paddy rice is obtained fertile.