CN102992826B - New improved substrate of slope, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a slope improvement matrix, a preparation method and application thereof. The improvement matrix is made of the following components: straw, manure, fungus residue and sludge. Using agricultural waste such as straw, cow dung, edible fungus residue, and urban sludge to "turn waste into treasure" can replace peat. The nutrient content of several agricultural wastes can meet the needs of plant growth, and the nutrient content of the substrate is finally stabilized at Higher level, it can be used as a high-quality and cheap slope protection matrix material, which can be used in the construction of road slope greening and urban landscaping, which not only reduces pollution but also increases ecological and economic benefits.

Description

A kind of slope improvement substrate, its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention relates to a slope substrate, in particular to a new slope improvement substrate, a preparation method and application thereof. the

Background technique

The key technology of rock slope restoration is the ratio of slope protection matrix. A good slope protection matrix must have strong water and fertilizer retention capacity, high adhesion, strong erosion resistance and low cost. In order to eliminate soil degradation, improve soil fertility, and improve soil environmental quality, the slope protection matrix must not only have the general characteristics of soil, but also be rich in nutrients, and also have good air permeability, water holding capacity, and slope protection. surface attachment and stability. An ideal greening substrate, whose physical and chemical properties should be similar to soil, should be able to meet the following requirements: provide a reasonable physical structure for plant growth; verify the strength and erosion resistance of the slope substrate; provide nutrients needed for long-term growth of plants; Ensure the water supply required for long-term growth of plants; interact with plant roots to prevent weathering and peeling of slopes. the

The slope protection matrix is composed of soil, organic matter, fertilizer, water retaining agent, binder, fiber aggregate agent, acidity regulator, etc. mixed in a certain proportion. Organic matter is mainly used to improve the structure of the substrate mixture, making it suitable for plant growth and providing the nutrients needed for plant growth. At the same time, organic matter is also water-absorbent and can store a part of water for plant growth. Fertilizers are mainly used to supply quick-acting nutrients (including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.) and long-term nutrients that are essential for plant growth. the

The biggest feature of the rock slope greening method is to start with improving the soil structure and making full use of the local forest and grass resources to create an "artificial soil" with the best structure, so that it can retain water, fertilizer, air and water, and is suitable for Plant growth can effectively resist rain erosion and wind erosion, and inhibit soil erosion; it is in harmony with the surrounding landscape; at the same time, the amount of maintenance and management is small. The base material in vegetation slope protection, in addition to requiring it to have good fertility and water retention to provide the nutrients and water needed for plant growth, must also have a certain anti-scourability and a certain strength to prevent the base material from falling off and slope. Shallow surface slipped and collapsed. Therefore, the choice of base material is directly related to the quality of the project. the

Chinese patent application 03117393.4 relates to a technical field of slope ecological protection. The method comprises the following steps: cleaning the slope surface-installing the anchor rod-hanging the composite material net-spraying the special base material for the slope-spraying the plant seeds for the slope-covering the non-woven fabric-later maintenance, the special base material for the slope is composed of the following Component composition (percentage by weight): 50-60% of fungus residue, 20-30% of peat, 5-10% of crop straw, 10-20% of farmyard manure, 5-10% of additive composition, the base material and soil according to Substrate: soil = 1: 2-3 (volume ratio) is added and stirred evenly, and evenly sprayed onto the slope surface anchored with the composite material net to form a nutrient bed for plant growth and development, and the slope plant seeds are Seeds of leguminous plants and wild vines, wherein the wild vines are planted on the upper and lower platforms of the slope, and the seeds of the leguminous plants are evenly mixed with the base material and soil and then sprayed onto the nutrient bed. It is suitable for vegetation restoration of various parent rock slopes. the

Aiming at the high price of peat in the slope protection substrate, which leads to the high cost of slope protection engineering, the inventor used agricultural waste such as straw, cow dung, edible fungus residue, and urban sludge to "turn waste into treasure" to replace peat and apply it to the side of the road In the construction of slope greening and urban landscaping, the reduction of pollution has increased the ecological and economic benefits. the

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a side slope improvement matrix. the

The invention provides a slope improvement substrate, which is made of the following components: straw, manure, fungus residue and sludge. the

Preferably, the slope improvement substrate is made of the following ingredients in weight percentage: straw 10-50%, manure 10-50%, fungus residue 10-50%, sludge 3-18%. the

Further preferably, the slope improvement substrate is made of the following ingredients in weight percentage: 20-40% of straw, 20-40% of manure, 20-40% of fungus residue, and 5-15% of sludge. the

More preferably, the slope improvement substrate is made of the following ingredients in weight percentage: 30% straw, 30% manure, 30% fungus residue, and 10% sludge. the

The straw is a general term for the stem and leaf (ear) parts of mature crops. Usually refers to the remaining parts of wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, oilseeds, cotton, sugar cane and other crops after harvesting seeds, preferably one or more of rice, wheat or corn stalks;

The manure is cow dung, taken from the edible cattle farm;

The mushroom slag is the base of edible fungi, which refers to the leftovers left after the cultivation of edible fungi. Tea mushroom, Pteris mushroom, fungus, Grifola frondosa, Coprinus comatus, Tremella, Bailing mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum, Schizophyllum, Purple golden mushroom, Versicolor versicolor, Antrodia camphorata. the

The sludge is taken from the sludge obtained after sewage treatment in a domestic sewage treatment plant, and is rich in plant nutrients such as a large amount of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and various trace elements. the

The present invention also provides the preparation method of above-mentioned improved matrix:

Mix 1-15cm long straw, manure, fungus residue, and sludge into piles, add enough water, then add ferrous sulfate solution to sterilize, and then pile up into a pile that is not tight or loose to maintain good ventilation conditions. The surface of the stack is covered with 10cm of fine soil or thin mud paste, and the stack is sealed by smearing, and it is enough for 2-3 months. After air-drying, it is crushed and sieved. the

It is advisable to add water by hand-kneading the material;

In order to maintain a good ventilation condition of the stack, vertically insert a ventilation pipe in the center of the stack, such as a bamboo pole that has been opened;

In the 25-35 days of stacking, preferably 30 days, repeat the composting of the stack once, such as adding enough water, stacking into a stack that is not loose or tight, maintaining good ventilation conditions, and then covering the surface with 10cm of fine soil or thin mud The paste is applied so that the stack is closed. the

After air-drying, crush and sieve, the sieve is 1-10mm, preferably 5mm. the

The present invention also provides a composite matrix containing the above-mentioned improved matrix, which is composed of the following materials and their weight percentages: 10-30% of the improved matrix, 0-25% of the fiber, 50-80% of the planting soil, and about 0% by volume of other materials -5%, the other materials are one or more of compound fertilizers, organic fertilizers, microbial fertilizers, water retaining agents, binders, disinfectants and pH regulators. the

Preferably, the compound matrix is made up of the following materials and their weight percentages: 20% of improved matrix, 25% of fiber, 50% of planting soil, 5% of other materials (compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, water retaining agent , binder, disinfectant, pH regulator weight ratio: 50:50:50:1:1:10:30). the

in:

The fiber is made by pulverizing a woven bag, and needs to be pulverized into fragments less than 1cm when added;

The planting soil is one or more of loam soil, garden soil or vegetable soil;

The compound fertilizer is commercially available N:P:K=2:2:1 compound fertilizer;

Organic fertilizer is slow-release cake fertilizer;

The microbial fertilizer is a commercially available domestic compound microbial fertilizer;

The water retaining agent is polyacrylamide or sodium potassium polyacrylate;

The binder is Portland cement, asphalt polymer or organic binder;

The disinfectant is powdered ferrous sulfate;

The pH regulator is one or more of citric acid, phosphoric acid, lime, sulfur or superphosphate. the

The invention also provides the application of the composite matrix containing the above-mentioned side slope improvement matrix in highway side slope greening and urban landscaping. the

In application, the composite substrate is mixed with soil, and the weight ratio of soil to soil is 20:100. the

The present invention also provides a configuration method of the above-mentioned components. An appropriate amount of water is added into a blender, and the above-mentioned components are sequentially added into the blender according to the composition ratio by weight from small to large and mixed evenly. the

The slope improvement matrix provided by the present invention has the following advantages:

1. In the slope improvement matrix of the present invention:

Using agricultural waste such as straw, cow dung, edible fungus residue, and urban sludge to "turn waste into treasure" can replace peat. The nutrient content of several agricultural wastes can meet the needs of plant growth, and the nutrient content of the substrate is finally stabilized at Higher level, it can be used as a high-quality and cheap slope protection matrix material, which can be used in the construction of road slope greening and urban landscaping, which not only reduces pollution but also increases ecological and economic benefits, it should be vigorously promoted and applied. the

Since there are many indicators to be investigated for screening the optimal matrix formula, and the influence of the same factor level on each indicator is also different, when analyzing the data of multi-index test results, it is usually considered from many aspects, taking into account gains and losses, and comprehensively considering factors Primary and secondary and optimal level combination. During the practical operation, according to the local actual situation, the ratio of slope protection matrix can be fine-tuned locally in a more scientific and reasonable way, so that it can play a greater role. the

2. Composite matrix:

1) Commonly used matrix materials include soil, peat, fertilizer, binder, fiber, water retaining agent, acidity regulator, etc. Due to the high price of peat (mainly transportation costs), which increases the cost of the project, the matrix materials required for the project are as much as possible local materials. There are many types and quantities of waste generated in the process of agricultural production, but the utilization rate is extremely low, only 1/5 is utilized, resulting in a serious waste of resources. Urban sludge, straw, cow dung and mushroom residue left over from edible fungus production are actually wastes. An invaluable resource for "misplaced". Make full use of local forest and grass resources, select some reusable wastes such as sludge, cow dung, fungus residue, and straw as raw materials, and analyze various properties of the substrate to develop high-quality and low-cost slope protection substrate materials. It is of great significance to the restoration and protection of the ecological environment of the area along the highway and the protection of the highway slope. the

From the test results, it can be known that the germination rate of grass seeds treated with 20% composite substrate + soil was the highest, reaching 79.8%, which was higher than that of peat substrate. the

2) The composite substrate treatment can promote the biomass accumulation of shrubs and grasses. The biomass treated with composite matrix reached a significant difference level. After 2 months of plant growth, the mixed substrate treatment had the best growth, the average plant height was greater than 8cm, and the coverage rate was more than 95%, while the coverage rate of the control treatment was less than 30%. the

Detailed ways

The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. the

Example 1: Slope matrix material experiment

1. Materials: Agricultural waste such as straw, cow dung, edible fungus residue, and urban sludge were purchased from around Beijing and pretreated according to the above-mentioned treatment methods. the

The grass species and dosage used in the experiment were: Goosegrass 4g/m ² , Bermudagrass 2g/m ² , Pennisetum 3g/m ² , Tall Fescue 4g/m ² , Amorpha japonica 5g/m ² 6g/m ² . Purchase from a landscaping company. Before sowing, the germination rate of grass seeds was measured, and the seeds were soaked to accelerate germination.

2 methods:

The experiment consisted of 9 treatments with 4 repetitions. the

Processing settings:

Treatment 1: 20% peat + soil, peat finished product, according to the proportion of peat soil in the base material in the market mature formula. the

Treatment 2: 20% cow dung + soil, the cow dung is composted and decomposed (the method provided by the present invention is composted and decomposed, the method is the same as treatment 7, the same below). the

Treatment 3: 20% sludge + soil, and the sludge is decomposed by composting. the

Treatment 4: 20% straw + soil, the fermented straw is mainly rice straw. the

Treatment 5: 20% peat + soil, biological peat soil (purchased finished product). the

Treatment 6: 20% fungus residue + soil, the leftovers after cultivating shiitake mushrooms. the

Treatment 7: 20% composite matrix + soil, in which the matrix is composted and decomposed (volume ratio: straw: 30%; manure 30%; fungus residue 30%; sludge 10%), the composting method is: collect the collected Straw with a short length of 10cm, manure, fungus residue, sludge and other materials are mixed and stacked into piles, and the water is added enough. It is advisable to knead the materials by hand; then add an appropriate amount of ferrous sulfate solution for disinfection, and pat it with a shovel until it is not tight Not loose, in order to maintain good ventilation conditions, you can vertically insert a ventilation pipe in the center of the stack, such as a bamboo pole that has been opened, and cover the surface of the stack with 10 cm of fine soil or seal it with a thin mud paste. Usually, it needs to be turned over in about 30 days, and piled up again after adding water. It can be accumulated into high-quality organic fertilizer in 3 months. After air-drying, crush it through a 5mm sieve to get it; Bag crushed material) 50g, planting soil (vegetable soil) 1000g, other materials compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer 5g each, water retaining agent and binder 0.1g, disinfectant 1g, pH regulator 3g The ratio is Composite matrix. the

Treatment 8: the specific embodiment of Chinese patent application 03117393.4, 55 parts of fungus residue, 25 parts of peat, 5 parts of crop straw, 10 parts of farm manure (chicken manure), and imported compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, soil improver, soil disinfectant 5 parts of the additive composition with 1 part of soil stabilizer each. the

Control: soil, no substrate. the

The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, and the pots used in the experiment were plastic pots (16cm×20cm). Weigh various materials according to the weight designed for the experiment, mix and pot them. Then sprinkle the grass seeds soaked and accelerated germination on the surface 2cm, mix well, and water 500ml. In order to ensure the normal growth of the grass, water according to the weather conditions so that the vegetation does not wilt, and prevent pests and diseases, and spray pesticides in time when pests occur. Afterwards, observe and record the growth of grass (including germination rate, plant height, etc.) every day. the

3 results

3.1 Effects of various substrates on the germination rate of shrubs and grasses

See Table 1 for the results of the determination of the germination rate of each substrate treatment grass species. It can be seen from the table that the germination rate of each treatment is high, almost no significant difference, the highest germination rate of 20% composite substrate + soil (ie treatment 7) treatment is 79.8%, followed by 20% peat + soil treatment (ie treatment 1) is 78.2%, indicating that peat, sludge, and cow dung can promote the germination of grass seeds to a certain extent, but it is not obvious. The treatment with 20% peat+soil (i.e. treatment 5) was the lowest at 71.6%, slightly lower than the planting soil control, and the difference between treatments was not obvious. It shows that there is no significant difference between various selected substrates and peat treatment on the germination of grass seeds. the

Table 1: Germination rate of grass seeds and aboveground biomass of grass seeds (by dry weight) in each treatment

deal with control Processing 1 Processing 2 Processing 3 Processing 4 Processing 5 Processing 6 Processing 7 Processing 8 Germination rate(%) 73.6 78.2 77.3 78.0 71.8 71.6 73.3 79.8 76.3 Biomass (g/m ² ) 62.12 258.71 336.95 371.16 239.84 125.56 118.09 424.63 348.51

Grass germinated 5 days after sowing, and 10 days later in peat, sludge, straw and composite substrate treatments, the grass was about 3 cm tall. After 30 days, there were obvious differences in the growth of different substrate grasses, and after 60 days, the difference was significant. Mixed substrate and sludge grow best, with an average plant height greater than 8cm, and a coverage rate of 100%, followed by peat, cow dung, straw, and biological peat substrates, with a coverage rate of more than 80%, and a pure soil control coverage rate of less than 30%. . the

3.2 Effects of various substrates on the biomass of shrubs and grasses

Each treatment was harvested along the surface after growing for 8 months. The grass biomass of each treatment is shown in Table 1. The difference between the treatments reached a significant level. The coverage of 20% sludge + soil treatment was more than 95%, followed by 20% composite matrix + soil The treatment is more than 90%, and the treatment of 20% peat + soil is more than 80%. From the perspective of biomass, the use of composite matrix raw materials as raw materials grows best, followed by sludge, cow dung, peat, etc. the

Although in terms of coverage, 20% sludge + soil treatment is higher than 20% composite matrix + soil treatment, but in terms of biomass, the latter is much higher than the former, and the potential heavy metal pollution in sludge cannot be ignored . the

Although, the present invention has been described in detail with general description, specific implementation and test above, but on the basis of the present invention, some modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art . Therefore, the modifications or improvements made on the basis of not departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. the

Claims (6)

1. one kind contains the composite interstitial substance of improveing matrix, it is characterized in that, this composite interstitial substance is comprised of following various materials and weight percent thereof: improvement matrix 10-30%, fiber 0-25%, planting soil 50-80%, other materials volume accounts for 0-5%, described other materials is one or more in composite fertilizer, fertilizer, microbial-bacterial fertilizer, water-holding agent, binding agent, sterilizing agent and pH adjusting agent, wherein improveing matrix is to be made by the composition of following weight percent: stalk 20-40%, barnyard manure 20-40%, bacterium slag 20-40%, mud 5-15%, and described barnyard manure is cow dung, described bacterium slag refers to culturing edible fungus remaining tankage afterwards, described mud is taken from gained mud after the sewage disposal of sanitary sewage disposal factory, be rich in a large amount of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and various trace elements, the preparation method of described improvement matrix comprises the following steps: by 1-15cm long stalk and barnyard manure, bacterium slag, mud mixes stacks into buttress, fill up moisture, then add copperas solution sterilization, then be piled into not tight not loose stacking, the aeration condition having kept, stacking surface coverage 10cm fine earth or sposh are stuck with paste, smear and make stacking sealing, within 2-3 month, both can, after air-dry, pulverize and sieve, obtain.

2. composite interstitial substance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, this composite interstitial substance is comprised of following various materials and weight percent thereof: improvement matrix 20%, fiber 25%, planting soil 50%, other materials 5%, described other materials Shi You composite fertilizer, fertilizer, microbial-bacterial fertilizer, water-holding agent, binding agent, sterilizing agent, pH adjusting agent according to weight ratio are: 50:50:50:1:1:10:30 forms.

3. composite interstitial substance according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described improvement matrix is made by the composition of following weight percent: stalk 30%, barnyard manure 30%, bacterium slag 30%, mud 10%.

4. a method of preparing composite interstitial substance described in claim 1-3 any one, the method comprises the following steps:

The stalk that 1-15cm is grown and barnyard manure, bacterium slag, mud mix and stack into buttress, fill up moisture, then add copperas solution sterilization, be then piled into not tight not loose stacking, the aeration condition having kept, stacking surface coverage 10cm fine earth or sposh are stuck with paste, smear and make stacking sealing, 2-3 month both can, air-dry after, pulverize and sieve, obtain.

5. the composite interstitial substance described in claim 1-3 any one is in the application of slope of highway greening and urban landscaping.

6. application according to claim 5, is characterized in that, this composite interstitial substance and mixing with soil are used, and the weight ratio of the two is 20:100.