CN102914282A - Monitoring and measuring method using displacement sensor to measure tunnel deformation - Google Patents
Monitoring and measuring method using displacement sensor to measure tunnel deformation Download PDFInfo
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- CN102914282A CN102914282A CN2012103963789A CN201210396378A CN102914282A CN 102914282 A CN102914282 A CN 102914282A CN 2012103963789 A CN2012103963789 A CN 2012103963789A CN 201210396378 A CN201210396378 A CN 201210396378A CN 102914282 A CN102914282 A CN 102914282A
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 23
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- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a monitoring and measuring method using a displacement sensor to measure tunnel deformation. The monitoring and measuring method comprises the steps of setting a measurement point on a section of an arc tunnel, and connecting a line; arranging a connection rod at an arc measurement point; fixing a displacement transfer rod on the connection rod and fixing a first base on the connection rod; arranging a horizontal measuring rod at the position of the measuring point, and arranging a second base on the horizontal measuring rod; respectively setting the crosspoints of the displacement transfer rod and a horizontal measuring line as a first measurement point and a second measurement point; fixing a displacement sensor bracket on the first base or the second base, and arranging a horizontal direction displacement sensor and a vertical direction displacement sensor on the displacement sensor bracket; measuring horizontal clearance variation and vertical clearance variation, judging the deformation situation of the tunnel accordingly, calculating the horizontal clearance variation between a left measurement point and a right measurement point, and calculating a mean value of the vertical clearance variation between the arc measurement point and the horizontal measurement line. The monitoring and measuring method provided by the invention has the advantages of rapidness in test, high testing precision, less interference on construction and low cost, can be used for monitoring in real time, and can be used for determining whether the tunnel is biased or not according to the testing result of the clearance variation of the channel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of monitoring measurement method of tunnel deformation.Particularly relate to a kind of monitoring measurement method that adopts the displacement sensor tunnel deformation.
Background technology
The tunnel occupies very large ratio in the building of China's mountain railway, highway.China's Tunnel Engineering generally adopts New Austrian Tunneling Method to carry out design and construction at present, New Austrian Tunneling Method is the consideration according to terms of mechanics, supporting construction and country rock are combined, and carry out on-the-spot tunnel deformation management, form a complete tunnel dynamic design and the concept of construction.In the construction stage, should carry out the tunnel deformation monitoring measurement, the fundamental purpose of tunnel deformation monitoring measurement is to understand the degree of reliability of adjoining rock stability state and initial supporting, two lining structures, guarantee the long-time stability of construction safety and structure, for Grades of Surrounding Rock change, preliminary bracing and two parameter adjustments that serve as a contrast provide foundation, be to realize the indispensable operation of information-aided construction.So, the work of tunnel deformation monitoring measurement accurately, in time whether, the safety of direct relation constructing tunnel and progress.
At present, the instrument that generally adopts of China's tunnel deformation monitoring measurement comprises: convergence gauge, spirit-leveling instrument (comprise steel hang chi) and total powerstation.When adopting these instruments to measure, each measurement all needs manually-operated instrument, reading, deal with data, the transmission of data, measurement accuracy is not high, especially can not accomplish the automatically-monitored measurement of real time remote, and carries out the tunnel deformation monitoring measurement and construction operation easily disturbs.Measure for the subway tunnel deformation monitoring in the operation, can only stop to carry out monitoring measurement during the operation at the subway at night.So, be badly in need of developing 24 hours remote automation monitoring measurements of a kind of energy method.
In recent years, domestic scholars had carried out adopting laser radar and laser range finder to the research of tunnel deformation monitoring measurement, although can accomplish real-time automatically-monitored measurement.But its measuring error is larger, general full accuracy ± 3mm, and the technical regulation permissible accuracy is 0.5mm～1mm; In addition, laser radar and laser range finder belong to exact instrument, and instrument is expensive, and Tunnel during Construction environment abominable (moist, explosion produces vibration and dust) is difficult to be applied at the tunnel deformation monitoring measurement.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is, provide a kind of and can improve the tunnel deformation measuring accuracy, reduce metrology operation to the monitoring measurement method of the employing displacement sensor tunnel deformation of the interference of constructing tunnel and the robotization of realization tunnel deformation monitoring measurement.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of monitoring measurement method that adopts the displacement sensor tunnel deformation comprises the steps:
1) sets the vault measuring point at the vault of the arch form tunnel cross-section of monitoring measurement, symmetrically on the arch form tunnel cross-section set left measuring point and right measuring point, and connect left measuring point and the horizontal survey line of right measuring point formation;
2) in the vault measuring point place employing pre-buried mode of boring or by welding manner vertical connecting link is set;
3) transmit bar at vertical connecting link by joint or welding manner fixed displacement;
4) fix the first pedestal at displacement transmission bar and horizontal survey line intersection by joint;
5) adopt respectively the pre-buried mode of boring or by welding manner level measurement bar is set at left measuring point and right measuring point place, an end that closes on displacement transmission bar at level measurement bar is fixedly installed the second pedestal by joint;
6) displacement is transmitted bar and horizontal survey line joining is set as respectively the first measuring point and the second measuring point;
7) at fixed displacement sensor stand on the first pedestal or on the second pedestal, horizontal direction displacement transducer and vertical direction displacement transducer are set respectively on displacement sensor bracket;
8) adopt respectively horizontal direction displacement transducer and vertical direction displacement transducer to measure horizontal clearance variation W between left measuring point and the first measuring point
XAAnd vertical clearance changes W
YA, adopt respectively horizontal direction displacement transducer and vertical direction displacement transducer to measure horizontal clearance variation W between right measuring point and the second measuring point
XBAnd vertical clearance changes W
YB
9) change W according to horizontal clearance between left measuring point and the first measuring point
XAAnd vertical clearance changes W
YA, and horizontal clearance changes W between right measuring point and the second measuring point
XBAnd vertical clearance changes W
YBJudge the tunnel deformation situation.
10) calculate respectively horizontal clearance variation W between left measuring point and the right measuring point
x, vertical clearance changes mean value W between vault measuring point and the horizontal survey line
y
The medial surface that bar and arch form tunnel are transmitted in displacement described in the step 3) does not come in contact.
Described displacement is transmitted bar and is measured bar at same measuring section and vertical with the tunnel longitudinal axis with level.
It is curve shape or broken line shape that bar is transmitted in displacement described in the step 3).
The described displacement sensor bracket of step 7) is by magnetic force or is bolted on the first pedestal or is fixed on the second pedestal.
The described horizontal clearance of step 10) changes W
xBy formula W
x=W
XA+ W
XBObtain.
The described vertical clearance of step 10) changes mean value W
yBy formula W
y=0.5 * (W
YA+ W
YB) obtain.
The described tunnel deformation situation of step 10) is: when | W
XA|＜0.70|W
XB|, and | W
YA|＜0.70|W
YB| the time, tunnel deformation is asymmetric; Or work as | W
XB|＜0.70|W
XA|, and | W
YB|＜0.70|W
YA| the time, tunnel deformation is asymmetric.
Described horizontal direction displacement transducer and vertical direction displacement transducer adopt a kind of in dial gauge, clock gauge, thread-vibration type device for sensing displacement and the fiber grating displacement sensor.
When artificial image data, described horizontal direction displacement transducer and vertical direction displacement transducer adopt dial gauge or clock gauge; When automatic monitoring measured, described horizontal direction displacement transducer and vertical direction displacement transducer adopted thread-vibration type device for sensing displacement or fiber grating displacement sensor.
When horizontal direction displacement transducer and vertical direction displacement transducer employing fiber grating displacement sensor, fiber grating displacement sensor is connected to fiber grating measuring system by optical cable, and fiber grating measuring system comprises fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, signal transmssion line and computing machine; When horizontal direction displacement transducer and vertical direction displacement transducer employing thread-vibration type device for sensing displacement, thread-vibration type device for sensing displacement is connected to data collecting instrument by telecommunication cable, and data collecting instrument is connected to computing machine by signal transmssion line.
A kind of monitoring measurement method that adopts the displacement sensor tunnel deformation of the present invention, have that measuring equipment is simple, test is fast, measuring accuracy is high, to construction disturb less, expense is cheap and can realize the characteristics such as Real-Time Monitoring, change test result according to tunnel clearance and can also determine whether the tunnel is subjected to bias effect.The present invention is used for the monitoring measurement section many horizontal surveys line, and is applicable to tunnel monitoring deformation measurement in the operation.Measurement accuracy of the present invention is 0.01mm～0.001mm, is higher than 0.5～1mm that technical regulation requires.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is tunnel vault measuring point and 1 horizontal survey line schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that bar is transmitted in displacement of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is displacement transducer scheme of installation of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the another kind of scheme of installation of displacement transducer of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is that the bar schematic diagram is transmitted in another kind of displacement of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the fiber-optic grating sensor automation measurement system;
Fig. 7 is the vibrating string type sensor automation measurement system.
Among the figure
A: left measuring point B: right measuring point
C: vault measuring point D: horizontal survey line
1: medial surface 2: vertical connecting link
3: 4: the first pedestals of bar are transmitted in displacement
5: level measures bar 6: displacement sensor bracket
7: 8: the second pedestals of horizontal direction displacement transducer
9: joint 10: the vertical direction displacement transducer
13: thread-vibration type device for sensing displacement 14: fiber grating displacement sensor
15: optical cable 17: fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator
18: signal transmssion line 19: computing machine
20: telecommunication cable 21: data collecting instrument
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing a kind of monitoring measurement method of displacement sensor tunnel deformation that adopts of the present invention is made a detailed description.
A kind of monitoring measurement method that adopts the displacement sensor tunnel deformation of the present invention comprises the steps:
1) as shown in Figure 1, sets vault measuring point C at the vault of the arch form tunnel cross-section of monitoring measurement, symmetrically on the arch form tunnel cross-section set left measuring point A and right measuring point B, and connect left measuring point A and the horizontal survey line D of right measuring point B formation;
2) as shown in Figure 2, in the vault measuring point C place employing pre-buried mode of boring or by welding manner vertical connecting link 2 is set;
3) as shown in Figure 2, transmit bar 3 at vertical connecting link 2 by joint or welding manner fixed displacement, the medial surface 1 that bar 3 and arch form tunnel are transmitted in described displacement does not come in contact; Such as Fig. 2, shown in Figure 5, it is curve shape or broken line shape that bar 3 is transmitted in described displacement.And it can be steel pipe, section bar and other members that bar 3 is transmitted in described displacement.
4) as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, transmit bar 3 in displacement and fix the first pedestal 4 with horizontal survey line intersection by joint 9;
5) adopt respectively the pre-buried mode of boring or by welding manner level measurement bar 5 is set at left measuring point A and right measuring point B place, described level measures bar 5 and transmits bar 3 at same measuring section and vertical with the tunnel longitudinal axis with displacement.An end that closes on displacement transmission bar 3 at level measurement bar 5 is fixedly installed the second pedestal 8 by joint 9;
6) displacement is transmitted bar 3 and be set as respectively the first measuring point A1 and the second measuring point B1 with horizontal survey line D joining;
7) at fixed displacement sensor stand 6 on the first pedestal 4 or on the second pedestal 8, horizontal direction displacement transducer 7 and vertical direction displacement transducer 10 are set respectively on displacement sensor bracket 6, and described displacement sensor bracket 6 is by magnetic force or is bolted on the first pedestal 4 or is fixed on the second pedestal 8;
Described horizontal direction displacement transducer 7 and vertical direction displacement transducer 10 adopts a kind of in dial gauges, clock gauge, thread-vibration type device for sensing displacement 13 and the fiber grating displacement sensor 14.
When artificial image data, described horizontal direction displacement transducer 7 and vertical direction displacement transducer 10 adopt dial gauge or clock gauge; When automatic measurement (automatic data collection), described horizontal direction displacement transducer 7 and vertical direction displacement transducer 10 adopt thread-vibration type device for sensing displacement 13 or fiber grating displacement sensor 14.
8) when horizontal direction displacement transducer 7 and vertical direction displacement transducer 10 employing fiber grating displacement sensor 14, fiber grating displacement sensor 14 is connected to fiber grating measuring system 16 by optical cable 15, and fiber grating measuring system 16 comprises fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 17, signal transmssion line 18 and computing machine 19; When horizontal direction displacement transducer 7 and vertical direction displacement transducer 10 employing thread-vibration type device for sensing displacement 13, thread-vibration type device for sensing displacement 13 is connected to data collecting instrument 21 by telecommunication cable 20, and data collecting instrument 21 is connected to computing machine 19 by signal transmssion line 18.
9) adopt respectively horizontal direction displacement transducer 7 and vertical direction displacement transducer 10 to measure horizontal clearance variation W between left measuring point A and the first measuring point A1
XAAnd vertical clearance changes W
YA, adopt respectively horizontal direction displacement transducer 7 and vertical direction displacement transducer 10 to measure horizontal clearance variation W between right measuring point B and the second measuring point B1
XBAnd vertical clearance changes W
YB
10) change W according to horizontal clearance between left measuring point A and the first measuring point A1
XAAnd vertical clearance changes W
YA, and horizontal clearance changes W between right measuring point B and the second measuring point B1
XBAnd vertical clearance changes W
YBJudge the tunnel deformation situation.
11) calculate respectively horizontal clearance variation W between left measuring point A and the right measuring point B
x, vertical clearance changes mean value W between vault measuring point C and the horizontal survey line D
y, described horizontal clearance changes W
xBy formula W
x=W
XA+ W
XBObtain, described vertical clearance changes mean value W
yBy formula W
y=0.5 * (W
YA+ W
YB);
Described tunnel deformation situation is: when | W
XA|＜0.7|W
XB|, and | W
YA|＜0.7|W
YB| the time, tunnel deformation asymmetric (being that the tunnel is subjected to bias effect); Or work as | W
XB|＜0.7|W
XA|, and | W
YB|＜0.7|W
YA| the time, tunnel deformation asymmetric (being that the tunnel is subjected to bias effect).
Claims (10)
1. a monitoring measurement method that adopts the displacement sensor tunnel deformation is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) sets vault measuring point (C) at the vault of the arch form tunnel cross-section of monitoring measurement, symmetrically on the arch form tunnel cross-section set left measuring point (A) and right measuring point (B), and connect left measuring point (A) and right measuring point (B) consists of horizontal survey line (D);
2) locate to adopt the pre-buried mode of boring or by welding manner vertical connecting link (2) is set at vault measuring point (C);
3) transmit bar (3) at vertical connecting link (2) by joint or welding manner fixed displacement;
4) transmit bar (3) in displacement and fix the first pedestal (4) with horizontal survey line intersection by joint (9);
5) locate to adopt respectively the pre-buried mode of boring or by welding manner level measurement bar (5) is set at left measuring point (A) and right measuring point (B), an end that closes on displacement transmission bar (3) at level measurement bar (5) is fixedly installed the second pedestal (8) by joint (9);
6) displacement is transmitted bar (3) and be set as respectively the first measuring point (A1) and the second measuring point (B1) with horizontal survey line (D) joining;
7) or second pedestal (8) upper fixed displacement sensor stand (6) upper at the first pedestal (4) arranges respectively horizontal direction displacement transducer (7) and vertical direction displacement transducer (10) on displacement sensor bracket (6);
8) adopt respectively horizontal direction displacement transducer (7) and vertical direction displacement transducer (10) to measure horizontal clearance variation W between left measuring point (A) and the first measuring point (A1)
XAAnd vertical clearance changes W
YA, adopt respectively horizontal direction displacement transducer (7) and vertical direction displacement transducer (10) to measure horizontal clearance variation W between right measuring point (B) and the second measuring point (B1)
XBAnd vertical clearance changes W
YB
9) change W according to horizontal clearance between left measuring point (A) and the first measuring point (A1)
XAAnd vertical clearance changes W
YA, and horizontal clearance changes W between right measuring point (B) and the second measuring point (B1)
XBAnd vertical clearance changes W
YBJudge the tunnel deformation situation;
10) calculate respectively horizontal clearance variation W between left measuring point (A) and the right measuring point (B)
x, vertical clearance changes mean value W between vault measuring point (C) and the horizontal survey line (D)
y
2. a kind of monitoring measurement method that adopts the displacement sensor tunnel deformation according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the medial surface (1) that bar (3) and arch form tunnel are transmitted in the displacement described in the step 3) does not come in contact.
3. a kind of monitoring measurement method that adopts the displacement sensor tunnel deformation according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described displacement is transmitted bar (3) and measured bar (5) at same measuring section and vertical with the tunnel longitudinal axis with level.
3. a kind of monitoring measurement method that adopts the displacement sensor tunnel deformation according to claim 1 is characterized in that, it is curve shape or broken line shape that bar (3) is transmitted in the displacement described in the step 3).
4. a kind of monitoring measurement method that adopts the displacement sensor tunnel deformation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described displacement sensor bracket of step 7) (6) is by magnetic force or to be bolted to the first pedestal (4) upper or be fixed on the second pedestal (8).
5. a kind of monitoring measurement method that adopts the displacement sensor tunnel deformation according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described horizontal clearance of step 10) changes W
xBy formula W
x=W
XA+ W
XBObtain.
6. a kind of monitoring measurement method that adopts the displacement sensor tunnel deformation according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described vertical clearance of step 10) changes mean value W
yBy formula W
y=0.5 * (W
YA+ W
YB) obtain.
7. a kind of monitoring measurement method that adopts the displacement sensor tunnel deformation according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described tunnel deformation situation of step 10) is: when | W
XA|＜0.70|W
XB|, and | W
YA|＜0.70|W
YB| the time, tunnel deformation is asymmetric; Or work as | W
XB|＜0.70|W
XA|, and | W
YB|＜0.70|W
YA| the time, tunnel deformation is asymmetric.
8. a kind of monitoring measurement method that adopts the displacement sensor tunnel deformation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described horizontal direction displacement transducer (7) and vertical direction displacement transducer (10) adopt a kind of in dial gauge, clock gauge, thread-vibration type device for sensing displacement (13) and the fiber grating displacement sensor (14).
9. a kind of monitoring measurement method that adopts the displacement sensor tunnel deformation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when artificial image data, described horizontal direction displacement transducer (7) and vertical direction displacement transducer (10) adopt dial gauge or clock gauge; When automatic monitoring measured, described horizontal direction displacement transducer (7) and vertical direction displacement transducer (10) adopted thread-vibration type device for sensing displacement (13) or fiber grating displacement sensor (14).
10. a kind of monitoring measurement method that adopts the displacement sensor tunnel deformation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when horizontal direction displacement transducer (7) and vertical direction displacement transducer (10) employing fiber grating displacement sensor (14), fiber grating displacement sensor (14) is connected to fiber grating measuring system (16) by optical cable (15), and fiber grating measuring system (16) comprises fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator (17), signal transmssion line (18) and computing machine (19); When horizontal direction displacement transducer (7) and vertical direction displacement transducer (10) employing thread-vibration type device for sensing displacement (13), thread-vibration type device for sensing displacement (13) is connected to data collecting instrument (21) by telecommunication cable (20), and data collecting instrument (21) is connected to computing machine (19) by signal transmssion line (18).
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