CN102821716B - 假体 - Google Patents
假体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102821716B CN102821716B CN201180008125.3A CN201180008125A CN102821716B CN 102821716 B CN102821716 B CN 102821716B CN 201180008125 A CN201180008125 A CN 201180008125A CN 102821716 B CN102821716 B CN 102821716B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- prosthese
- skin
- paek
- internal layer
- integrated implant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
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- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
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- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical group [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims description 17
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- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/30965—Reinforcing the prosthesis by embedding particles or fibres during moulding or dipping
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- A61F2002/30004—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis the prosthesis being made from materials having different values of a given property at different locations within the same prosthesis
- A61F2002/30028—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis the prosthesis being made from materials having different values of a given property at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in tissue ingrowth capacity, e.g. made from both ingrowth-promoting and ingrowth-preventing parts
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Abstract
一种假体,所述假体包含:由聚芳醚酮形成的内层(4);由多孔聚芳醚酮形成的邻接所述内层的第一外层(2a),至少一些所述孔具有位于其中的促进骨整合的材料;和由多孔聚芳醚酮形成的邻接所述第一外层的第二外层(2b),部分所述孔不含促进骨整合的材料。本发明还涉及制造假体的方法。在一种供选的布置中,假体包含:由聚芳醚酮形成的内层;由多孔聚芳醚酮形成的邻接所述内层的第一外层,至少一些所述孔具有位于其中的促进骨整合的材料,所述材料具有约60%至约90%的结晶度;和由多孔聚芳醚酮形成的邻接所述第一外层的第二外层,至少部分所述孔具有位于其中的促进骨整合的材料,所述材料具有小于约50%的结晶度。
Description
本发明涉及假体。更具体地讲,本发明涉及髋臼假体。
髋关节的有效功能对人体的良好状态和活动性极为重要。各髋关节由终止于偏斜骨颈的股骨的上部包容,偏斜(offset)骨颈由在骨盆中髋臼内旋转的球头部分包围。多种疾病,如类风湿性关节炎和骨关节炎,可导致髋臼的软骨衬磨损,以致于股骨球和髋骨一起摩擦,导致疼痛和进一步的磨损。骨磨损可引起骨自身试图补偿磨损,这可使骨变得畸形。
用人工植入物更换髋关节的手术熟知并且广泛实行。一般髋假体由两个组件组成,即:为髋臼加衬的髋臼组件;和更换股骨头的股骨组件。股骨组件可以为全部股骨头更换,在此情况下,组件包括头、颈和在使用中插入制备的股骨末端的干。或者,适当时,股骨头组件可以为表面重修假体,这种假体一旦适当机械加工,就连接到股骨头。
在患者骨盆插入假体髋臼的手术中,医生首先用铰刀在患者的骨盆切出适合尺寸的空腔。然后将髋臼杯插入空腔。“适合尺寸”是指由医生作为对具体患者最适合选择的尺寸。通常,尽可能多地保留原始健康骨表面合乎需要。
市售的髋臼杯以范围尺寸售出,以适合各患者的需要。通常髋臼杯以42mm至62mm直径的尺寸得到,在相邻尺寸之间以2mm递增。
有一些不同类型的假体髋臼杯。杯的一个类型是由聚乙烯制成的杯。它们一般粘结成髋臼,并且只需要轻压就能坐入胶接剂中。
一个供选杯类型具有用于与股骨接合的聚乙烯衬垫装置和用于插入骨盆腔的金属壳。具有金属壳的这些杯植入可不用胶接剂,使得它们依赖金属壳和患者髋臼之间的塞配。然而,在一些布置中,在衬垫入位之前,可用螺钉将杯壳固定在骨盆适当的位置。金属壳插入骨盆需要相当大的力。在医生施加此力时,有金属壳可能变得破坏或变形的风险。在施加力期间也有壳可能移动的可能性,这样就不在髋臼中最佳地对准。通常金属壳具有促进骨随时间长入的外表面或涂层。
利用此类型假体,在金属壳已坐入髋臼后,使聚乙烯衬垫装置扣入或拧入金属壳。因此,衬垫的内表面形成关节的窝部分。
更近来,已用陶瓷作为塑料衬垫的替代。在此布置中,将一般从钛形成的金属壳插入髋臼。然后将陶瓷衬垫插入壳。
虽然这些不同的现有技术布置通常缓解患者磨损关节的疼痛,但仍需要提供给予患者改善效果(特别在磨损方面)的假体。这对可能需要修正手术的年轻患者特别重要,如果假体本身变得磨损或在髋臼中变得松散。因此,不断需要更精密模拟自然骨同时使磨损问题最大限度减小的假体的新材料和/或新结构。
现已提出聚醚醚酮(PEEK)聚合物为用于整形外科植入物的适合材料。此材料讨论于“TakingaPEEKatMaterialOptionsforOrthopedics”(在整形外科的材料选择中采用PEEK),KinburnA.,MedicalDesignTechnologyMagazine,1Jan2009page26ff。有人提出,如果PEEK用碳纤维增强,就可得到特别的优点。在马蹄形杯中使用PEEK讨论于“BiomechanicsofaPEEKHorseshoe-ShapedCup:ComparisonswithaPredicateDeformableCup”(PEEK马蹄形杯的生物力学:与预测可变形杯比较),Manley,M.T.等,PosterNo1717at53rdAnnualMeetingoftheOrthopaedicResearchSociety。
WO2009/097412提出,PEEK可用于多层半球假体。多层系统包括由多孔金属形成的外层和由聚芳醚酮形成的内层,其中聚芳醚酮至少部分渗透第一材料的孔。申请人提出,此布置允许两层牢固地粘合在一起。它们还提出,这种假体具有比现有技术布置得到的更低的硬挺度。
在假体髋臼杯中使用PEEK的一个实例描述于EP1647242。在一个所述实施方案中,假体包括由PEEK/碳纤维复合材料制成的内承载表面。然后用等离子体焰炬通过溅射PEEK在内承载表面上形成外涂层。该外涂层形成阻挡衬里层。在溅射过程开始PEEK颗粒的尺寸小,并且在过程中增加,以便产生多孔结构。此多孔层用羟基磷灰石作为连续层涂覆。提供此涂层,以在复合材料和骨细胞之间产生阻挡层,为骨附着提供适合的粗糙度和/或为骨细胞向内生长提供开放的孔隙性。
US2008/161927描述一种促进第一脊骨和第二脊骨之间融合的装置,所述装置包括由PEEK形成的第一实体区域和结合到第一实体区域的第一多孔区域。第一多孔区域具有多孔PEEK结构。骨生长促进材料,例如羟基磷灰石,可应用于第一多孔区域。
由PEEK形成的包含许多互连孔的植入物描述于WO2007/051307。其中也描述制备多孔材料的方法,其中使第一材料与具有高于第一材料熔点的第二材料混合,将混合物在压力下加热到第一材料熔点和第二材料熔点之间的温度,使熔融的混合物冷却到硬化,并从第一材料去除第二材料。其中也描述一种方法,所述方法包括使流体材料与固体粒状牺牲性材料混合成混合物,使混合物硬化,并从硬化的混合物去除固体颗粒,以留下许多互连的孔。通常用粗食盐作为牺牲性材料。
虽然这些提议用一些方法解决现有技术问题,但仍需要供选(优选改进)的布置。
本发明提供一种假体,所述假体包含:
由聚芳醚酮形成的内层;
由多孔聚芳醚酮形成的邻接所述内层的第一外层,至少一些所述孔具有位于其中的促进骨整合的材料;和
由多孔聚芳醚酮形成的邻接所述第一外层的第二外层,部分所述孔不含促进骨整合的材料。
本发明的假体给予超过现有技术布置的各种优势。这种假体重量轻,同时具有所需的强度。另外,它还具有超过现有技术布置的改进的耐磨性。
虽然金属涂层(如钛层)可位于内层和第一外层之间,但这一般不是优选的。在存在此金属层时,一般为薄不大于约1mm的数量级。
由于不在外层中使用金属,制造成本比现有技术假体显著减小。不使用金属外表面的另一个优势是制成的假体具有一些柔韧性,一般具有类似于自然骨的柔韧性。在假体用于髋臼时,具有类似于骨盆的柔韧性。不使用金属外层的另一个优势是制成的假体具有较软边缘,因此减小任何冲击作用。
外层和内层中的聚芳醚酮可相同或不同。在一个优选的布置中,各层中的聚芳醚酮为聚醚醚酮。
第一外层和第二外层可以为分离层,或者可以为单层内的区域,使得它们邻接。
在一个布置中,可使聚芳醚酮增强。一般只使内层增强,虽然在一些布置中,至少一个外层可包括增强材料。可用任何适合材料增强聚芳醚酮,虽然一般用碳纤维作为增强材料。
在多孔外层中的孔可以为离散的分离孔时,至少一些孔优选与其它孔互连。因此,在一个特别优选的布置中,使多组孔互连成迷宫。这种多孔结构不仅允许骨从外表面向内生长,而且允许聚芳醚酮从内层整合到第一外层,第一外层整合到第二外层,从而保证层锁在一起。
可用任何适合材料作为促进骨向内生长的材料。适合材料包括羟基磷灰石、磷酸钙、磷酸三钙和碳酸钙,羟基磷灰石是特别优选的。在孔具有位于其中的促进骨整合的材料时,骨向内生长的材料可完全填充孔或可部分填充孔。在一个布置中,一些孔部分填充,其它孔完全填充。在其它布置中,至少一些孔可具有用骨向内生长材料涂覆的壁或其部分至少之一,而不是孔填充或部分填充。在更进一步的布置中,一些孔可填充,一些可部分填充,而其它可具有用骨向内生长材料涂覆的壁或其部分至少之一。
在第二外层中的至少一些孔不含促进骨整合的材料。在一个布置中,第二外层中的大于约50%的孔不含促进骨整合的材料。在另一个布置中,约60%至约80%的孔不含促进骨整合的材料。在另一个布置中,外层中的孔基本不含促进骨整合的材料。
至少一些孔包含促进在它们内骨整合的材料。在一个布置中,至少约20%孔包含促进骨整合的材料。在另一个布置中,至少约50%或约60%至约80%的孔包含促进骨整合的材料。在更进一步的布置中,在第一外层中的基本所有孔包含促进骨整合的材料。
不受任何理论限制,相信具有位于内部孔的促进骨整合的材料帮助骨拉过孔的迷宫,并进入第一外层,从而将假体牢固保持在适当位置。
在一个布置中,促进骨整合的材料(一般为羟基磷灰石)的结晶度在第一外层和第二外层之间是不同的。在一个布置中,具有较高结晶度的材料存在于第一外层,具有较低结晶度的材料存在于包含促进骨整合的材料的第二外层的那些孔中。选择的实际结晶度可以为适用的任何结晶度,其条件为相对更大结晶性位于第一外层中。一般较高结晶性羟基磷灰石具有约60%至约90%的结晶度,更特别约80%至约85%。一般较低结晶性羟基磷灰石具有小于约50%的结晶度。
相信在此布置中,在第二外层中的较低结晶度羟基磷灰石快速再吸收于身体中,而在第一外层中的羟基磷灰石不再吸收或只缓慢再吸收。在一个布置中,第二外层中羟基磷灰石的结晶性可大约在数星期内再吸收,约2至约8星期可表示时间段,优选约4至约6星期。相比之下,在第一外层中羟基磷灰石的再吸收为较高结晶度,如果完全吸收,在数年时间进行,而非数星期。一般可预料约8至约15年的再吸收时间,约10至约12年合乎需要。然而,应了解,除了结晶度外,粒径和体内载荷也影响再吸收时间。
除了促进骨向内生长外,存在骨向内生长材料也提供各种优势。由于外层包含孔,它们在压缩中可能结构脆弱,这可减小假体在压缩中的强度,导致插入时困难。在孔内存在骨向内生长材料提供提高的强度,并使假体能够经受插入的苛刻性。就此而论,值得注意的是,假体为髋臼假体时的冲击力可以为5至20mPa级。另外,骨向内生长材料一般比周围的聚芳醚酮硬,因此帮助提供冲击所需的刚性。在植入数星期内在第二外层中至少一些骨向内生长材料的再吸收意味假体的硬度减小,并变得接近自然骨的硬度,这提供以上讨论的优势。
应了解,由于骨更换再吸收的材料以促进骨向内生长,因此它整合到多孔结构。
外层中的孔可以为任何适合大小。在一个布置中,孔径在约300至约500微米的范围内。
在外层中可存在任何适合量的孔。第一外层和第二外层中的孔的量可相同或不同。一般可使用约50至约90%的孔隙率。虽然外层的强度可能在较高孔隙率减小,但在骨中经受假体冲击所需的强度可由促进骨整合的材料增强和/或存在提供。
根据本发明的第二方面,本发明提供一种假体,所述假体包含:
由聚芳醚酮形成的内层;
由多孔聚芳醚酮形成的邻接所述内层的第一外层,至少一些所述孔具有位于其中的促进骨整合的材料,所述材料具有约60%至约90%的结晶度;和
由多孔聚芳醚酮形成的邻接所述第一外层的第二外层,至少一部分所述孔具有位于其中的促进骨整合的材料,所述材料具有小于约50%的结晶度。
在一个布置中,在一层或两层中的基本所有孔可具有位于其中的促进骨整合的规定结晶度的材料。
假体优选为髋臼假体。在一个布置中,它可以为常规杯形。然而,由于在自然骨盆中髋臼不是半球,而是更类似于马蹄形,假体可以为类似的马蹄形。已知即使在使用杯形假体时,由股骨头假体对杯的磨损也捐献马蹄。
在一个供选布置中,假体可以为组合结构,由此杯为总体常规半球形杯,但在承载区域(即,在马蹄中)较厚,而在其余区域较薄。此较薄区域可以是使装置固定到骨的位置。因此,在要使用骨螺钉时,它们可在此位置插入通过假体。在使用组合结构时,外表面可一般为常规半球形杯,承载区域中的增加厚度在杯的内表面产生凸起承载表面。
在常规半球形结构时本发明的假体为任何适合大小,壁为任何适合厚度。厚度一般为保存骨所需的最小厚度,并且尽可能多地保持自然股骨头直径。在一个布置中,壁厚度为约2至约5mm,约3mm一般有用。内层与外层的厚度比可按需要调节。然而,相信1:1范围的比可能合乎需要。然而,厚度比变化允许适应假体的性质,以便复制载入骨盆的自然分布。
在假体为在负荷承载区域有增加厚度并且在非负荷承载位置有较薄区域的布置中,负荷承载区域的厚度类似于以上关于常规假体讨论的厚度。
本发明的假体可通过任何适合方法形成。在一个布置中,分层结构可通过注射模塑方法产生。外层中的孔通过混合粒状牺牲性材料与聚芳醚酮粒料来形成。一旦层形成,就通过适合方法去除牺牲性材料。在一个实例中,可使促进骨向内生长的材料(例如羟基磷灰石粒料)与聚芳醚酮粒料混合。一旦层已注射模塑和固化,就可将浸蚀剂(如酸)施加到第二外层的最外表面,以优先烧尽一些促进骨整合的材料,以在第二外层中形成不包含促进骨整合的材料的孔。由于酸施加到假体的外表面,牺牲性材料将基本上从第二外层去除,以提供孔。然而,应选择所用酸的量,以便很少或没有酸渗透通过第一外层,使得促进骨整合的材料保持在孔中。
因此,根据本发明的第三方面,本发明提供一种制造以上第一方面的假体的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
通过注射模塑形成聚芳醚酮的内层;
使促进骨整合的材料的粒料与聚芳醚酮的粒料混合;
通过注射模塑在内层上形成第一外层和第二外层;并且
将浸蚀剂材料施加到第二外层的表面,使得促进骨整合的材料从至少一些孔去除。
可使用任何适用的浸蚀剂。适用的浸蚀剂包括酸,如硝酸或柠檬酸。
在一个供选的布置中,通过选择性激光束熔融、选择性电子束熔融或选择性熔结,可产生多孔外层,选择性激光束熔融是特别优选的。选择性激光熔融是产生三维实体的二维制造方法。直接激光熔融方法需要聚芳醚酮粉末薄层在基片上跨要建立直立部分的区域铺展。然后使用来自激光的能量,在粉末层上选择性“划出”层的横截面。激光使粉末熔融,以形成最终外层的第一层。然后根据需要重复此操作次序,直到已产生所需的形状。偏斜(offset)技术允许例如形成桥,产生所需的多孔结构。
电子束熔融是类似的方法,不同之处在于用电子束代替激光实现粉末熔融。电子束以类似于普通电视机中控制电子束所用的方式用一系列电磁铁聚焦。
选择性激光熔结是可用于建立外层的另一种方法。用激光束“划出”所需的层轮廓,并在激光束已照射的区域熔融聚合物。与激光熔融和电子束熔融方法一样,外层从很多层建立。层的随后熔融和模式化导致聚合物热解形成所需的外层。
在不包括用促进骨整合的材料作为形成孔的牺牲性方法的形成第一外层和第二外层的方法中,材料可通过任何适用方法施加,包括等离子喷涂。
现在通过实施例关于附图描述本发明,其中:
图1为根据本发明的第一方面的通过髋臼假体的横截面图;
图2为根据本发明的第二方面的通过髋臼假体的横截面图。
图2a为形成第一外层的材料的近距离视图;
图2b为形成第二外层的材料的近距离视图。
图3为显示具有凸起承载表面的实施方案的本发明的髋臼假体的透视图;并且
图4为显示马蹄形结构的实施方案的本发明的髋臼假体的透视图。
如图1中所示,本发明的髋臼假体1包括含多孔聚醚醚酮的外层2。虽然未显示,此外层包含第一外层和第二外层。在此实施例中,第一外层和第二外层是邻接的。层包含许多孔3,至少一些是互连的。杯1也包括包含碳纤维增强的聚醚醚酮的内层4。羟基磷灰石位于第一外层中的至少一些孔中,第二外层中的至少一些孔不含羟基磷灰石。
一个供选布置显示于图2中。在此布置中,杯1包含碳纤维增强的聚醚醚酮的内层4。外层2包含第一外层2a和第二外层2b。虽然在图2中有蜂窝状阴影,但这只是区分图中的层,而不是指示任何结构。层中孔的实例分别显示于图2a和2b中。在此实施方案中,通过等离子涂覆施加作为促进骨整合材料存在的羟基磷灰石,并照此在视线上从施加涂层涂覆孔壁。在此实施方案中,第一外层中羟基磷灰石的结晶度为高于第二外层中的结晶度。
杯1为常规半球杯假体,或者如图3中所示,假体可在内表面上具有凸起的承载表面5。较薄区域位于区域6中。固定螺钉可通过此较薄区域。
在一个供选布置中,假体可以为如图4所示的马蹄形结构。
虽然已关于髋臼假体详细描述了本发明,但应了解,本发明可应用于其它假体,如肩中的假体。另外,应了解,可在本发明的范围内作出本发明的不同改进、应用或适应。
Claims (18)
1.一种假体,所述假体包含:
由聚芳醚酮形成的内层;
由多孔聚芳醚酮形成的邻接所述内层的第一外层,至少一些所述孔具有位于其中的促进骨整合的材料;和
由多孔聚芳醚酮形成的邻接所述第一外层的第二外层,部分所述孔不含促进骨整合的材料,所述第一外层位于所述内层和所述第二外层之间。
2.权利要求1的假体,其中第一外层中促进骨整合的材料的结晶度为60%至90%。
3.权利要求1的假体,其中第一外层中促进骨整合的材料的结晶度为80%至85%。
4.权利要求1的假体,其中第二外层中促进骨整合的材料的结晶度小于50%。
5.一种假体,所述假体包含:
由聚芳醚酮形成的内层;
由多孔聚芳醚酮形成的邻接所述内层的第一外层,至少一些所述孔具有位于其中的促进骨整合的材料,所述材料具有60%至90%的结晶度;和
由多孔聚芳醚酮形成的邻接所述第一外层的第二外层,至少一部分所述孔具有位于其中的促进骨整合的材料,所述材料具有小于50%的结晶度,所述第一外层位于所述内层和所述第二外层之间。
6.权利要求1的假体,其中第一外层中的基本所有孔包含促进骨整合的材料。
7.权利要求1的假体,其中外层和内层中的聚芳醚酮是相同的。
8.权利要求1的假体,其中外层和内层中的聚芳醚酮是不同的。
9.权利要求1的假体,其中聚芳醚酮为聚醚醚酮。
10.权利要求1的假体,其中使聚芳醚酮增强。
11.权利要求10的假体,其中增强材料为碳纤维。
12.权利要求1的假体,其中促进骨整合的材料为羟基磷灰石。
13.权利要求1的假体,其中至少一些孔互连形成迷宫。
14.权利要求1的假体,其中假体为髋臼假体。
15.权利要求14的假体,其中髋臼假体为半球杯假体。
16.权利要求14的假体,其中髋臼假体为马蹄形假体。
17.权利要求14的假体,其中髋臼假体为半球杯假体,并且具有凸起承载表面。
18.一种制造假体的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
通过注射模塑形成聚芳醚酮的内层;
使骨向内生长材料的粒料与聚芳醚酮的粒料混合形成材料;
通过注射模塑在内层上形成所述材料的第一外层;
通过注射模塑在所述第一外层上形成所述材料的第二外层;并且
将浸蚀剂材料施加到第二外层的表面,使得骨向内生长材料从至少一些孔去除。
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EP1647242A1 (en) * | 2004-10-12 | 2006-04-19 | Benoist Girard Sas | Prosthetic acetabular cups |
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US20130231750A1 (en) | 2013-09-05 |
EP2531145B1 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
EP3058896A1 (en) | 2016-08-24 |
GB201001830D0 (en) | 2010-03-24 |
CN102821716A (zh) | 2012-12-12 |
KR101819885B1 (ko) | 2018-01-19 |
JP5798572B2 (ja) | 2015-10-21 |
JP2016025884A (ja) | 2016-02-12 |
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US8888860B2 (en) | 2014-11-18 |
KR20170087526A (ko) | 2017-07-28 |
EP2531145A2 (en) | 2012-12-12 |
WO2011095813A2 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
AU2011212255A1 (en) | 2012-08-02 |
EP3058896B1 (en) | 2017-09-27 |
KR20120112670A (ko) | 2012-10-11 |
AU2011212255B2 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
ZA201204502B (en) | 2013-02-27 |
US9393121B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 |
CA3006329A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
EP3308747B1 (en) | 2021-11-17 |
JP2013518653A (ja) | 2013-05-23 |
CA3006329C (en) | 2020-01-07 |
CA2786633C (en) | 2018-07-10 |
WO2011095813A3 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
EP3308747A3 (en) | 2018-05-30 |
US20150034597A1 (en) | 2015-02-05 |
JP6039024B2 (ja) | 2016-12-07 |
CA2786633A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
EP3308747A2 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
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