CN1026748C - Soilless cultivation method for plants - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for soilless culture of plant features that the artificial fibre, petrochemical fibre and plant fibre are cut and broken into particles, blocks or strips, which are used as basic material for plant culture, and the organic fertilizer and basic material are mixed together and watered on time to quickly grow the seedlings of plant.

Description

Plant cultivation without soil

The present invention relates to a kind of method of new soilless cultivation plant, belong to the technical field of gardening and plant cultivation.

General plant is all planted on soil, in order to make plant obtain sufficient nutriment, thereby suitably apply fertilizer, water, it is limited that yet soil can offer the growth conditions of plant, and be constant since from ancient times to now, therefore the soil property of soil has greatest influence for the growth of plant, plants method for planting and soil property and all continues to use old law, and its effect is all imperfect.

Current soilless culture method both domestic and external is as (1) water culture: be utilize water, add fertilizer to cultivate the method for plant.(2) gravel is ploughed method: be to utilize the stone grain to place water, add fertilizer, in order to cultivate the method for plant.(3) nacrite, foaming stone, vermiculite tank farming: be to utilize stone materials such as nacrite, foaming stone, vermiculite, add apply fertilizer and train method in order to method of growing plants.(4) (PETMOORS) the corrosion pasture and water replace soil to cultivate the method for plant: be the pasture and water that utilize in the marsh, through dry processing, smash the back in order to cultivate plants.

More than four kinds of tank farmings, all be in the shortcoming of seeking to abandon nature soil nothing more than, to reach the comparatively advantage that is fit to plant production, uniformity as gas permeability, moisture capacity, absorption fertilizer, and avoid the invasion and attack etc. of pathogen, but that these methods are not costs is too high, lacks practicality, be exactly corrosion easily, be difficult to reach the purpose that replaces nature soil fully.

The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of method of plant soil-less culturing, it can eliminate some above-mentioned shortcomings.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this, it utilizes the waste material or the raw material of various fibers such as staple fibre, petrochemical fiber, vegetable fiber and silk, above-mentioned raw materials is placed fibre cutter, successively fibre cutting being become length is length below 10 millimeters, usually the most suitable with the 0.5-5 millimeter, because under the situation of this length, fiber is the ability of forfeiture support system mutually just, and then it is made granular, strip or bulk, just can be as the medium of cultivated plant.

Because the fiber medium after above-mentioned cut-out and the pulverizing has good gap (VOID) effect, make long-time plantation or continuous for many years use still have good gas permeability, and the respiration of plant root has absolute necessity with gas permeability, utilize these characteristics, plant needn't be planted in soil again, and can in this medium, promote quick growth of plant to reach plentiful and substantial achievement healthy and strongly.

Embodiment:

1, the present invention does test for the first time on January 15th, 1988, and land area is 4 square metres, 10 centimeters of thickness, and pure fibre does not contain the medium of other material, uses 5 kilograms in organic manure, once sneaks into use, and its composition is:

Full nitrogen 1.20%

Organic phosphor 1.64%

Organic substance 50.87%

Acidulous water soluble organism matter 7.18%

Displacement property calcium 3.0%

Displacement property magnesium 0.4%

Available phosphorus 0.64%

Iron 1.66%

Copper 142ppM

Manganese 546ppM

Zinc 3399ppM

Validity chromium 1.2ppM

Validity potassium 1.25ppM

Nitric nitrogen 952ppM

Ammonium nitrogen 428ppM

Fertilization processing method is that fertilizer is directly mixed with treated fiber base-material, reach 50% the most at high proportion, the object that the ratio of mixing is looked plantation decides, for example, plant woody section plant, must minimizing maybe will not mix, only fertilizer is imposed on the surface of fiber base-material, just sprinkling water later on, it is just passable that it is slowly down infiltrated in the base-material, after the plantation crop first time, or, needn't do any cleaning through after repeatedly using, processing such as depickling, but should replenish fertilising, to replenish fertile part of crop deficiency after absorbing, the fertilizer that is applied is organic matter, be not chemical fertilizer, so do not influence its pH value and be about 6.8 through repeatedly using.After repeatedly watering, in 120 of sowing on February 1 tomato seeds, sowing depth is 1 centimeter, pulls out too much overstocked seedling mid-February, only surplus 60, then set up pillar and make it be subjected to support to hold up and make unlikely mutual winding or fall shape, spraying fertilizer at the beginning of 3 months, short its fruit grain increases, the fruit grain begins to gather the middle ten days, big person weighs 1 pound, and about 0.4 pound of granule is up to mid-May, results fruit grain is 735 altogether, plant height 160-190 centimetre, after mid-May, fruit grain gradually plantlet begins to wear out, just all uproot and fibrous raw material is piled 30 centimeters thickness, inserting length is 2 of 30 centimeters mulberry tree laths, 20 centimeters of the degree of depth, the careless Lian Zi that the top dress shades, shorten after 15 days and shade the time, grew up to 10 centimeters shoot on June 30, more do not refertilized because of mulberry saplings absorbs fertilizer, light waters, to being 1.2 meters of the height of trees by the end of December, about 1 meter of crown diameter was bloomed, and was received sorosis July on the 2nd year.

Embodiment 2

On June 3rd, 1988 is again in same place, and with same base-material, 4 square metres of area identical have been done test to the sowing corn, sow 100, its germination rate is 98%, pulls out after the bad plant, also remaining 80 strains, apply fertilizer 2 kilograms in the base-material surface, lost 7 strains by high wind during to harvest time, picking time, every strain corn had two fruit pod persons totally 51 strains, had only a fruit pod person, 22 strains are arranged, 124 pods of gathering altogether.

Embodiment 3

On October 20th, 1988 was planted experimentally Taiwan autumn chrysanthemum (rheum officinale chrysanthemum), and cultivated area is 75cm * 175cm, the high 10cm of young plant, plant 16, only stay 3 of branches, extract all the other sprouts in every strain on November 15,3 pillars of every strain frame were bloomed December 25, and every strain is opened 3, every is only stayed one, bloom 48 altogether, flower footpath 15cm, plant height 80cm, every flower forms the hemisphere bodily form, the dead leaf of a strain body below 2-3 sheet.

Embodiment 4

Sowed the Taiwan green onion on January 23rd, 1989, plant 2 strains of every cave, to February 10 existing plant division body grow, every cave has been split into the strain body about the 8-10 strain extremely by the end of February, has reached half meter highly, and leaf is bottle green, begin March to gather, every cave is divided into 2 parts, takes a copy of it, and fertilising is 2 kilograms of complete mixed fertilizer only.

Embodiment 5

Planted experimentally cockscomb on May 3rd, 1989, seed is spaced apart per 10 centimeter one cave, 2 coverings in every cave are with 0.5 centimeter, and May 25, a strain was pulled out in every cave, to June 1 plant height reached the 10-15 centimetre, June 15 saw that there was the sign of bud on the top, June 30 bloomed, and this moment, corolla was also not very big, but well-grown, to mid-July, highly above 1 meter.

Embodiment 6

Planted white lilium longiflorum again on September 10th, 1989, every strain is spaced apart 25 centimeters, gemmule is planted dark 4 centimeters, applies fertilizer 3 kilograms, and the fertilizer of organic matter mixes 80% peanut dregs of beans, 1 kilogram of mixed fertilizer by the end of December topdresses again, open 13 to maximum person's 1 strains of blooming on April 1st, 90, have 2 at least, minimum 75 centimeters of plant height, the highest 120 centimeters, measured 25 centimeters places April 4 by its base portion, the flower and the stalk on its top of clip stay highly 25 centimeters strain body, to withered and yellow by the end of June, at this moment the gemmule body of taking its base portion and being given birth to, the every strain of many persons has generated 3, and major part is 2, and spheroid is buff, and it is good fully to show its growing state.

Embodiment 7

Once in plantation on February 9th, 1988 cucumber (teaselgourd), 4 square metres of cultivated areas, plant 44, organic manure mixes 6 kilograms as base manure, mixing was finished February 20, this organic manure comprises 70% peanut dregs of beans, grind powder, 20% domestic animal bone bone meal, 5% iron oxide carbon granule, 5% serpentine stone flour, it is saturated fully to water after the plantation, 30 centimeters have been grown tall in early March, 20 centimeters of blade diameters, bootable its of the pillar that sets up sought connections with and made it continue upwards growth, its blade base is bud as seen, because the gas permeability of fiber base-material is better than general soil, so the growth rate of cucumber, blade dimensions, fruit size and output is all above the cucumber of generally planting in soil, to April 20 its strain body grow tall 2 meters, strain mid-May body wears out, just all pull out, and the fiber base stockpile become 30 centimeters thickness, insert length and be 30 centimeters 2 of mulberry branchs, 20 centimeters of the degree of depth, the careless honest and clean of the usefulness of shading is housed in the top, at candlelight removes again, and cover next day again, and 15 days shorten the cover time later on gradually, when be not by solar radiation to wither phenomenon to the sprouting that given birth to, its new moisture that root absorbed of giving birth to is enough supplied as can be known, and it is honest and clean at this moment can to re-use the grass that shades, and new life's on the 30th bud point is long to 10 centimeters shoots of growing of the bar of transplanting just to June, this moment is the ability of its root absorption nutrient fertilizer as can be known, to absorb fertilizer speed slower because of mulberry saplings, so no longer in fertilising, only water, when the hibernation leaf falls in by the end of December, 88 by, 1.2 meters of the height of trees, sprouting took place again in number hat diameter 1 meter shrub shape again at the beginning of 1989 2 months, bloom at the beginning of 3 months, the sorosis of gathering July, in a word, by slotting bud to the result, use the present invention's method, only need year.

Embodiment 8

By this law plantation lily, the bud of a strain is bloomed many when using the soil plantation, and a strain spends more, and growing state is good.

Embodiment 9

Utilize this law to plant the summer chrysanthemum on the roof balcony, spending of being opened is very large plentiful, gorgeous.

Embodiment 10

On adhesive plaster, lay fiber medium, plant the grass planting bacterium, can cultivate into natural careless blanket in about 45 days, can be used for the usefulness of hotel, sports ground or desert area greening environment, can consult my another patent.

Compared with prior art, this method has many advantages.

1. be adapted to plant all kinds of plants, cost is low, and method is simple and practical.

2. the medium of this method, its proportion only has 1/15 of nature soil, moisture saturation state proportion is 1/3, its water content that hence one can see that is 5 times of water content of soil, because itself is loose, so aeration is especially good, the mixing energy of fertilizer and fiber keeps the moisture of abundance, and needn't append fertilizer midway, because base fertilizer contained in its medium has been sufficient to cultivate growth.

Claims (3)

1. A method for plant soilless cultivation, which is characterized in that the waste or raw material of man-made fiber, petrochemical fiber, plant fiber and silk is cut into a length of less than 10 mm in a cutting machine, and then crushed into granular and massive Or strip-shaped fiber base material is used as the medium for planting plants; when planting, the medium is rotated to make the fertilizer and the fiber base material directly mixed, and the mixing ratio is up to 50%. The fertilizer is all organic matter, and the pH of the fertilizer is 6.8; After sowing, it should be watered on time to promote the plants to grow buds and bear fruit. 2. The soilless cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition of the fertilization is Total Nitrogen 1.20% Organophosphorus 1.64% Organic matter 50.87% Acidic water-soluble organic matter 7.18% Replacement Calcium 3.0% Replacement magnesium 0.4% Available phosphorus 0.64% Iron 1.66% Copper 142ppM Manganese 546ppM Zinc 3399ppM Effectiveness Chromium 1.2ppM Potassium availability 1.25ppM Nitrate nitrogen 952ppM Ammonium nitrogen 428ppM 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting length of petrochemical fibers, man-made fibers and vegetable fibers is preferably 0.5-5 mm.