CN109328699A - A kind of sweet cherry method for culturing seedlings of High aititude cold district - Google Patents
A kind of sweet cherry method for culturing seedlings of High aititude cold district Download PDFInfo
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- 244000007021 Prunus avium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 65
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of sweet cherry method for culturing seedlings of High aititude cold district, includes the following steps: to choose 3000 meters of height above sea level or more regional Wild fruit crop seeds as stock seed and be handled, the sowing of stock seed, the transplanting of stock seedling, the transplanting of stock seedlings, sweet cherry seedling grafting, the shaping of sweet cherry nursery stock, sweet cherry outplanting.Using stock implantation methods proposed by the present invention, the Wild fruit crop cultivating seeds that the first year collects can be the rootstock seedling for reaching grafting and requiring by one-year age, and percentage of seedgermination is high, rootstock seedling is healthy and strong, well developed root system, resistance is strong, bud can be formed in nursery grafting current year, current year can try flower examination fruit after transplanting orchard establishment, have the characteristic of dwarfing, early bearing, ability with the anti-flood of cold-resistant drought resisting is suitble to plant in the Shangri-la regional industriesization of High aititude cold.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, the sweet cherry method for culturing seedlings of specifically a kind of High aititude cold district.
Background technique
Sweet cherry originates in European the Caspian Sea bank and western part of Asia, and integrated distribution is littoral in European the Caspian Sea and Black Sea, the whole world
Form 6 big characteristic cultivation areas, it may be assumed that North America cultivation area, West Europe cultivation area, Eastern Europe cultivation area, West Asia cultivation area, East Asia cultivation area
With Oceania cultivation area, 98% gean concentrates cultivation on the Northern Hemisphere in the world, in which: European 81%, North America
13%, Asia 4%.Sweet cherry category deciduous tree, tree body is tall and big, up to 25,30 meters；It is warm, hygrophilous, fertilizer favorite with light, happiness
Characteristic, root system intolerant to waterlogging；Growing way is prosperous, and stemness is strong, and the more vertical growths of branch, juvenile phase is longer, is typical temperate zone deciduous fruit tree.It is suitable
The year samming preferably planted is 11-15 DEG C, and there is the climatic environment of certain low temperature cooling capacity (7.2 DEG C of temperature 1000 hours) in winter
Suspend mode can be passed through.About the 80% of China's sweet cherry planting area concentrates on Bohai Rim, and the sweet cherry fruit maturity period is mostly in 5-
June.
Using Shangri-la city as the High aititude cold district of representative, height above sea level majority is at 3000 meters or more.Annual gas
Temperature be 5~8 DEG C, solar radiant energy is abundant, and sunshine time and solar radiation total amount season gender gap are little, temperature year difference it is small, entirely
Year is without summer.But air layer transparency is high, and solar radiation is stronger than same latitude low altitude area, heats daytime acutely, night cooling
Acutely, the daily difference of temperature is big.The sweet cherry of area plantation herein, maturity period are the 7-9 month, more mature than the sweet cherry in other areas
It in evening phase 2-3 month, is staggered and lists season, the sweet cherry of September maturation is that the whole nation is most late-maturing, and fruits nutrition substance accumulates
More, with rich flavor, sweet cherry maximum single fruit weight is up to 10.65 grams, and soluble solid content reaches 21.3%, and fruit reaches excellent
The requirement of matter fruit.The excellent ecological environment of High aititude cold district and special weather have the environment of Organic Fruit production
Condition.
But the soil of this High aititude cold district is husky earth, organic matter is deficient, preservation capacity of water and fertility is poor, and dry and wet season is clearly demarcated,
6~October, rainfall accounted for annual precipitation 10~80%, and rainy season soil ponding is serious, and dry season soil evaporativeness is larger.The region
Level of ground water is higher, flood easy to form after summer rainfall, and draining is more difficult, and the sweet cherry seedling commonly introduced a fine variety works as orchard
Soil occurs to be drowned for ponding 1-2 days, and the sweet cherry that in addition region is introduced a fine variety before this has the underdeveloped problem of root system, growth
Measure small, ponding or arid are all easy dead tree to orchard soil once in a while.
Sweet cherry nursery stock characteristic and stock relationship are larger, and domestic sweet cherry nursery largely uses vigorous stock, so that tree
Body is tall and big, solid evening, and has the characteristics that early bearing, high yield using more Gisela dwarfing rootstock in the world, but root system is not sent out
It reaches, sweet cherry tree easy early ageing more demanding to soil.Therefore, the sweet cherry nursery stock of international, domestic traditional producing region breeding cannot
Adapt to the environmental condition of the High aititudes cold districts such as Shangri-la.High aititude cold district wants exploitation sweet cherry industry, it is necessary to
Carry out the research of dedicated stock and specific seedling-wood breeding technology.
Wild fruit crop, but Wild fruit crop germination are also grown on the High aititude cold district mountain on Shangri-la periphery
Rate, emergence rate be not high, also reports without cultivating the first research of sweet cherry using Shangri-la Wild fruit crop.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of sweet cherry method for culturing seedlings of High aititude cold district, to solve above-mentioned background
The problem of being proposed in technology.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of sweet cherry method for culturing seedlings of High aititude cold district, including nurse young plants in hothouses and open country grafting cultivation, including such as
Lower step:
1) choose stock seed and handled: the Wild fruit crop for choosing 3000 meters of area above of Shangri-la city height above sea level is made
For stock variety, late July collects the Wild fruit crop seed, and late October is seed: it is husky: peat composed of rotten mosses soil according to 1:1:1 ratio
Example, which is mixed, to be uniformly put into seed-box, and seed-box is placed on open country after sprinkling profoundly water, and night forms frozen soil；
2) stock seed is sowed: seed-box described in step 1) being moved into greenhouse from open country and is thawed within second year 2 months, to seed 40
~50% when splitting mouth, and seed sowing on greenhouse seedbed, the matrix in seedbed is sand: perlite: peat composed of rotten mosses soil according to 1:1:2 ratio
Example mixing is mixed uniformly, is after planting covered matrix according to 2 times of seed size of thickness, is covered one layer of pine needle in matrix, with a thickness of
0.5cm；Seedbed uniform sprinkling keeps water content of substrate 70% or so, in real time watering, weeding；
3) stock seedling is transplanted: when step 2) the stock germination and when growing to 2-4 piece leaf, seedling being transplanted to 36
On the seed plate in hole, when Nursery stock transplanting, carries out the cutting lateral root of control main root growth, and seedling planting matrix is sand: perlite: peat composed of rotten mosses
Soil is mixed uniformly according to the ratio mixing of 1:1:2, and seed plate is placed on greenhouse seedling frame, keeps water content of substrate 70% or so, in real time
Watering, weeding；
4) stock seedlings are transplanted: when the step 3) rootstock seedling grows to 15cm high, being transplanted to outdoor cropping, seedbed in time
The dose on ground is 2 tons of organic fertilizer/mus, and seedbed width is 80cm, and it is highly 30cm that length is determined according to landform, the strain of plantation
Line-spacing is 15 × 20cm, and distance of the seedling growth apart from side moisture in the soil is 10cm, draws shading net, the height that shading net is liftoff above seedbed
For 2.0m；The pine needle water conservation control grass of soil surface covering 10-15cm thickness after Nursery stock transplanting, seedbed is uniformly watered in time, is poured in real time
Water, weeding；After Nursery stock transplanting survives, shading net is removed；
5) sweet cherry seedling grafting: the Ching Ming Festival front and back, select the rhizome portion rugosity that do not germinate be 0.8-1.0cm, root system is sent out
The step 4) reached the rootstock seedling is grafted, and sweet cherry variety needed for selecting is grafted on above-mentioned rootstock seedling, and grafting wound needs
Tight wrapping, in real time watering, weeding, removes the rudiment issued on stock in time；
6) sweet cherry nursery stock shaping: when step 5) the sweet cherry grafting branch it is long to 15-20cm long when, will with toothpick
Branch and trunk strut the angle of release in 90 ° or more；
7) sweet cherry outplanting: when step 6) the sweet cherry grafting rhizome part rugosity reaches 1cm or more, have
Flourishing root system and 4-6 branch, and form bud on a small quantity, then it can be out of the garden.
Further, humiture control need to be carried out to greenhouse when stock seed is sowed, specifically: the indoor temperature control of temperature on daytime
At 18-20 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is controlled at -2-0 DEG C system；Morning, 8:00 rolled greenhouse heat-insulating layer covering, and day temperature reaches 18
DEG C when, open greenhouse ventilation window ventilation；Afternoon, 15:00 put down greenhouse heat-insulating layer covering, and 16:30 closes vent window, in greenhouse
Humid control in 50%-60%, when humidity is lower than 50%, greenhouse water spray increases humidity.
Further, the greenhouse and open country all build High aititude cold district in.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, propose a full set of method for cultivating sweet cherry using Wild fruit crop: sweet cherry method for culturing seedlings of the invention includes open country
The technologies such as raw cherry rootstock is cultivated, sweet cherry variety is grafted and nursery stock shaping, bud are cultivated；Be a full set of architectonical cultivation be suitable for
The sweet cherry method for culturing seedlings of High aititude cold district growth, using stock implantation methods proposed by the present invention, one-year age
It is the rootstock seedling for reaching grafting and requiring by the Wild fruit crop cultivating seeds that the first year collects, and percentage of seedgermination is high, rootstock seedling is healthy and strong,
Well developed root system, resistance is strong, and cutting lateral root surviving and growing and do not impact to grafting is done in grafting.
2, it downgrades, the nursery stock of early bearing: the sweet cherry nursery stock that method of the invention is cultivated, since stock growing way itself is not prosperous,
Therefore grafting has the characteristic downgraded, and branch is higher at branch rate, branch it is long to 15-20cm long when, specially with toothpick by branch
Item and trunk are strutted in 90 ° or more of angle of release to promote flower_bud formation, and sweet cherry nursery stock juvenile phase of the invention is not grown, transferred in nursery
Bud can be formed by connecing current year, and current year can try flower examination fruit after transplanting orchard establishment, have the characteristic of dwarfing, early bearing.
3, cold-resistant, drought resisting, waterlogging: sweet cherry nursery stock proposed by the present invention has the ability of the anti-flood of cold-resistant drought resisting,
The weather conditions growth of 5~8 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, -16.4~-27.4 DEG C of 30 DEG C, year extreme low temperature of day and night temperature is adapted to,
With stronger cold resistance, and drought resisting is waterlogging-resistant, rainy season orchard soil ponding 3-5 days still can normal growth, be suitble in dry and wet
Season it is clearly demarcated Shangri-la regional industriesization plantation.
4, be easy shaping: sweet cherry nursery stock stemness of the invention is not strong, does not raise up at the top of the easy angle of release of branch, branch, is easy
Shaping, the cost of labor for saving the pruning of sweet cherry trees.
Specific embodiment
A kind of sweet cherry method for culturing seedlings of High aititude cold district, including nurse young plants in hothouses and open country grafting cultivation, including such as
Lower step:
The Wild fruit crop seed acquired using 3000 meters of area above of Shangri-la city height above sea level is cultivated sweet cherry rootstock, is
The maturity for ensuring seed when fruit becomes peony, acquires in due course in late July.After drupe is adopted back, rubs in time, use water
It rinses and removes meat pericarp, core dries in the shade.Storage at being placed on cool place, divulging information, is dry with anti-mildew, and prevents mouse, worm harm.
Stock seed treatment: the late October of the Wild fruit crop seed collection current year carries out the processing of the sand at low temperature root of Dahurian angelica.Seed:
Husky: according to the ratio of 1:1:1, three mixes uniformly to be put into seed-box, sprinkles profoundly water peat composed of rotten mosses soil, and seed-box is placed on open country；Night
Between temperature it is low, form frozen soil immediately.
Husky root of Dahurian angelica seed-box: being moved into greenhouse from open country and thawed by the sowing of stock seed for second year 2 months, will be by the seed of the husky root of Dahurian angelica
When 40 one 50% split mouth, seed sowing on the seedbed in greenhouse；The matrix for sowing seedbed is husky: perlite: peat composed of rotten mosses soil according to
The ratio mixing of 1:1:2 is mixed uniformly, is after planting covered matrix according to 2 times of seed size of thickness, is covered one layer of pine needle in matrix,
With a thickness of 0.5cm；Seedbed uniform sprinkling keeps water content of substrate 70% or so, in real time watering, weeding.When stock seed is sowed
Humiture control need to be carried out to greenhouse, specifically: at 18-20 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is controlled in -2- for the indoor temperature control of temperature on daytime
0℃；Morning, 8:00 rolled greenhouse heat-insulating layer covering, when day temperature reaches 18 DEG C, opened the ventilation of greenhouse ventilation window；Afternoon
15:00 puts down greenhouse heat-insulating layer covering, and 16:30 closes vent window, and for the indoor humid control of temperature in 50%-60%, humidity is low
When 50%, greenhouse water spray increases humidity.Through testing, can reach using the Wild fruit crop percentage of seedgermination that this method is handled
87.5%.
The transplanting of stock seedling: when cherry rootstock seedling grows to 2-4 piece leaf, seedling is transplanted on the seed plate in 36 holes, nursery stock
Cutting lateral root when transplanting, control main root growth, promotes lateral root growth, cultivates nursery stock absorption root；Uniformly watering；Seedling planting matrix
Husky: perlite: peat composed of rotten mosses soil is mixed uniformly according to the ratio mixing of 1:1:2；Seed plate is placed on the seedling frame in greenhouse, keeps matrix aqueous
Amount 70% or so, in real time watering, weeding.Stock seedling transplanting success is up to 91.7%.
The transplanting of stock seedlings: when cherry rootstock seedling grows to 15cm high, seedlings transplanting is carried out.Seedlings are transplanted to open country to plant
Training.The dose on seedbed ground is 2 tons of organic fertilizer/mus；The seedbed width of stock growing is 80cm, and length is determined according to landform, high
Degree is 30cm；The seeding row spacing of seedling growth is 15 × 20cm, and distance of the seedling growth apart from side moisture in the soil is 10cm；It draws and hides above seedbed
Screened negative, the height that shading net is liftoff are 2.0m；Seedling on seed plate is transplanted in time, and soil surface covers 10- after Nursery stock transplanting
The pine needle water conservation control grass of 15cm thickness, seedbed are uniformly watered in time, watering, weeding in real time；After Nursery stock transplanting survives, shading is removed
Net.Stock seedlings transplanting success can reach 95.6%.
Sweet cherry seedling grafting: the Ching Ming Festival front and back, stock carries out seedling grafting before not germinateing, sweet cherry product needed for selecting
Kind, it grafts on above-mentioned cherry rootstock, selects rugosity to be grafted for the stock of 0.8-1.0cm, well developed root system, stock and scion
Rugosity it is same or similar, connect with cleft grafting, bud and all may be used.Degradable wrapping binding grafting mouth is selected, grafting wound must wrap
It pricks tightly, the regional air humidity is low, and water evaporation quantity is larger, and graft union wraps up imprecision, is easy to cause the water of scion, stock
Divide a large amount of evaporations, dead seedling.Using the sweet cherry shoot survival percent of this law grafting up to 83.5%.
Nursery bed management: real-time control seedbed humidity removes the rudiment issued on stock in time, it is ensured that grafting bud health is raw
It is long.
Nursery stock shaping: Shangri-la region is since height above sea level is higher, air layer transparency is high, solar radiation sea lower than same latitude
Rising sheer from level ground, area is strong, and ultraviolet light is stronger, therefore sweet cherry provided by the invention has dwarfing, at the high characteristic of branch rate；It is long extremely in branch
When 15-20cm long, branch and trunk are strutted into the angle of release in 90 ° or more with toothpick, the branch after angle of release can be raw with keeping parallelism
It is long, it does not raise up at the top of branch, sweet cherry nursery stock current year is promoted to form bud.Sweet cherry tree has growing way prosperous, and stemness is strong, and branch is more
Vertical growth, the longer biological characteristics of juvenile phase；After sweet cherry branch angle reaches 90 ° or more, the top of branch can be weakened
End advantage, the nutrition supply of balance each bud of branch, mitigation tree vigo(u)r, promotion sweet cherry tree nutrient growth and reproductive growth are put down
Weighing apparatus；Due to the collective effect of ultraviolet light and branch angle of release, the formation of nursery stock bud is promoted.
Outplanting: by 8 months seedling growth phases, sweet cherry grafting rhizome part rugosity reached 1cm or more, tool
There are flourishing root system and 4-6 branch, and form bud on a small quantity, the sweet cherry seedling for reaching such seedling quality standard can go out
Garden.Sweet cherry nursery stock rate can achieve 83.6% or more.
Frozen soil can be formed after the cooling of the Tibetan areas late October such as Shangri-la, therefore the present invention utilizes this climatic characteristic pair
The Wild fruit crop seed being collected into carries out the processing of the sand at low temperature root of Dahurian angelica.In addition, pressing method for culturing seedlings of the invention, grafting grows into can be with
When the standard that is out of the garden, exactly before cooling local mid-October, it is colonized sweet cherry nursery stock in this period, sweet cherry seedling survives
Afterwards, second year can try flower examination fruit, and planting cost is saved for orchard.And be colonized if it is spring, then there is one to delay
In seedling stage, trying flower examination fruit will receive certain influence.
In order to cultivate the sweet cherry variety for adapting to the area such as Shangri-la, height is all built in greenhouse and open country of the present invention in
Height above sea level cold district.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie
In the case where without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Benefit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims
Variation is included within the present invention.
In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should
It considers the specification as a whole, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
The other embodiments being understood that.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of sweet cherry method for culturing seedlings of High aititude cold district, including nurse young plants in hothouses and exist with open country grafting cultivation, feature
In including the following steps:
1) it chooses stock seed and is handled: choosing the Wild fruit crop of 3000 meters of area above of Shangri-la city height above sea level as anvil
The wooden kind, late July collect the Wild fruit crop seed, and late October is seed: husky: peat composed of rotten mosses soil is mixed according to the ratio of 1:1:1
It is uniformly put into seed-box, seed-box is placed on open country after sprinkling profoundly water, night forms frozen soil；
2) stock seed is sowed: seed-box described in step 1) is moved into greenhouse from open country and thawed by second year 2 months, to seed 40~
50% when splitting mouth, and seed sowing on greenhouse seedbed, the matrix in seedbed is sand: perlite: peat composed of rotten mosses soil according to 1:1:2 ratio
Mixing is mixed uniformly, is after planting covered matrix according to 2 times of seed size of thickness, is covered one layer of pine needle in matrix, with a thickness of
0.5cm；Seedbed uniform sprinkling keeps water content of substrate 70% or so, in real time watering, weeding；
3) stock seedling is transplanted: when step 2) the stock germination and when growing to 2-4 piece leaf, seedling being transplanted to 36 holes
On seed plate, when Nursery stock transplanting, carries out the cutting lateral root of control main root growth, and seedling planting matrix is sand: perlite: peat composed of rotten mosses soil is pressed
Ratio mixing according to 1:1:2 is mixed uniformly, and seed plate is placed on greenhouse seedling frame, keeps water content of substrate 70% or so, watering in real time,
Weeding；
4) stock seedlings are transplanted: when the step 3) rootstock seedling grows to 15cm high, it is transplanted to outdoor cropping in time, seedbed ground
Dose is 2 tons of organic fertilizer/mus, and seedbed width is 80cm, and it is highly 30cm that length is determined according to landform, the seeding row spacing of plantation
For 15 × 20cm, distance of the seedling growth apart from side moisture in the soil is 10cm, draws shading net above seedbed, the height that shading net is liftoff is
2.0m；The pine needle water conservation control grass of soil surface covering 10-15cm thickness, seedbed are uniformly watered in time after Nursery stock transplanting, watering in real time,
Weeding；After Nursery stock transplanting survives, shading net is removed；
5) sweet cherry seedling grafting: the Ching Ming Festival front and back, to select the rhizome portion rugosity that do not germinate be 0.8-1.0cm, well developed root system
Step 4) the rootstock seedling is grafted, and sweet cherry variety needed for selecting is grafted on above-mentioned rootstock seedling, and grafting wound needs tight
Wrapping, in real time watering, weeding, removes the rudiment issued on stock in time；
6) sweet cherry nursery stock shaping: when step 5) the sweet cherry grafting branch it is long to 15-20cm long when, with toothpick by branch
The angle of release in 90 ° or more is strutted with trunk；
7) sweet cherry outplanting: when step 6) the sweet cherry grafting rhizome part rugosity reaches 1cm or more, with prosperity
Root system and 4-6 branch, and form bud on a small quantity, then can be out of the garden.
2. the sweet cherry method for culturing seedlings of High aititude cold district according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sowing of stock seed
When need to carry out humiture control to greenhouse, specifically: temperature indoor temperature control on daytime at 18-20 DEG C, nocturnal temperature control-
2-0℃；Morning, 8:00 rolled greenhouse heat-insulating layer covering, when day temperature reaches 18 DEG C, opened the ventilation of greenhouse ventilation window；Afternoon
15:00 puts down greenhouse heat-insulating layer covering, and 16:30 closes vent window, and for the indoor humid control of temperature in 50%-60%, humidity is low
When 50%, greenhouse water spray increases humidity.
3. the sweet cherry method for culturing seedlings of High aititude cold district according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the greenhouse and dew
High aititude cold district is all built on ground in.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811271701.3A CN109328699A (en) | 2018-10-29 | 2018-10-29 | A kind of sweet cherry method for culturing seedlings of High aititude cold district |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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