CN116034798B - A method for improving poor-quality soil balls for planting trees on hillsides in South China - Google Patents
A method for improving poor-quality soil balls for planting trees on hillsides in South China Download PDFInfo
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- CN116034798B CN116034798B CN202310058161.5A CN202310058161A CN116034798B CN 116034798 B CN116034798 B CN 116034798B CN 202310058161 A CN202310058161 A CN 202310058161A CN 116034798 B CN116034798 B CN 116034798B
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- Prior art keywords
- soil
- arbor
- soil ball
- water
- balls
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 376
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 91
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 59
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000010977 jade Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000003357 wound healing promoting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PBNCAAFYQGMMRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(1h-indol-2-yl)butanoic acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].C1=CC=C2NC(CCCC(=O)O)=CC2=C1 PBNCAAFYQGMMRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- KGVPNLBXJKTABS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hymexazol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=NO1 KGVPNLBXJKTABS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-VRESXRICSA-N Brassinolide Natural products O=C1OC[C@@H]2[C@@H]3[C@@](C)([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](C(C)C)C)C)CC3)CC[C@@H]2[C@]2(C)[C@@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C2 IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-VRESXRICSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-KNBKMWSGSA-N brassinolide Chemical compound C1OC(=O)[C@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@H]2CC[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)C(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]21 IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-KNBKMWSGSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N (R)-camphor Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 244000132436 Myrica rubra Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 4
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- 235000008375 Decussocarpus nagi Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthaleneacetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PRPINYUDVPFIRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000332371 Abutilon x hybridum Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000146553 Ceiba pentandra Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003301 Ceiba pentandra Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008444 Celtis occidentalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018962 Celtis occidentalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000334161 Cercis chinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000903946 Clematidis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209035 Ilex Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003332 Ilex aquifolium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002296 Ilex sandwicensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002294 Ilex volkensiana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000242564 Osmanthus fragrans Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019083 Osmanthus fragrans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009036 growth inhibition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003630 growth substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- AJTPODXVRWXEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;4-(1h-indol-2-yl)butanoate Chemical compound [K+].C1=CC=C2NC(CCCC(=O)[O-])=CC2=C1 AJTPODXVRWXEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/26—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant resource restoration and utilization, in particular to a method for improving inferior soil balls for arbor cultivation in south China hillside land, the method comprises the steps of root cutting and digging of arbor planted in hillside fields, seedling transplanting preparation, temporary planting nursery field preparation, temporary planting hole preparation, arbor temporary planting and matrix filling, soil ball drilling and filling, soil ball rooting induction, root system vertical induction, root system horizontal induction and original soil improvement. The method for improving the inferior soil balls of the tree planted in the south China hillside land is suitable for improving and containerized cultivation of the inferior soil balls of the tree planted in the south China hillside land and is suitable for operating single-pole and cluster broad-leaved trees planted in the hillside land; the field arbor digs time for 9 months each year to 5 months the next year, the container temporary planting cultivation can be carried out all year round, the nursery transplanting can be carried out after the cultivation for 4 months, the cultivation period is short, the soil ball root system is numerous, the seedling transplanting is convenient, and the market demand for the container high-quality arbor can be greatly met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant resource restoration and utilization, in particular to an inferior soil ball improvement method for arbor cultivation in a south China hillside land.
Background
The planting of greening seedlings is mainly carried out on the traditional hillside land in the south China, and is limited by barren hillside land and severe standing land environments, and the problems of difficult direct seedling lifting and transplanting, long root breaking and seedling recovering period, few root systems, low transplanting survival rate caused by large soil difference and the like in the hillside land are generally caused by hillside land planting arbor, so that the seedling is full of market.
At the moment that the supply of common greening seedlings is over demand and the high-quality development is required in the flowers and trees industry, efforts to improve the quality of the seedlings for arbor cultivation in hillside fields are not enough. The containerized cultivation technology for cultivating the arbor in the hillside fields is used for improving the root strengthening maintenance level and the transplanting survival rate of the arbor, and is an important way for improving the quality of seedling products and promoting the development of high quality industry. Therefore, the improvement and containerized cultivation of the inferior soil balls are carried out for the mountain slope arbor cultivation in the south China, and the method has important market economic value and ecological significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an inferior soil ball improvement method for tree planting in a mountain slope of south China, which aims to solve the problems of difficult direct transplanting, long root breaking and seedling reviving period, low transplanting survival rate, slow tree vigor recovery and the like of the tree planting in the mountain slope of south China.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an inferior soil ball improvement method for arbor cultivation in south China hillside fields comprises the following steps:
s1: digging, root cutting and digging, namely digging broad-leaved trees planted in hillside lands, and determining the size of soil balls according to the breast diameter or the ground diameter, survival difficulty and the like of the trees, wherein the soil ball diameter of a single-pole tree is preferably 6-10 times of the breast diameter, the soil ball diameter of a cluster tree is preferably 4-8 times of the ground diameter, the soil ball height is 2/3-4/5 of the soil ball diameter, digging soil layer by layer from shallow and deep and cutting all root systems during digging, and ensuring that the wall surface and the root system cross section of the soil ball are smooth and the soil ball is not broken;
S2: preparing seedling transplanting, namely applying wound healing agent to broken roots with the diameter of more than 1cm, and bundling soil balls by using a net bag and a cloth rope which are easy to disassemble; on the premise of ensuring graceful tree shape, pruning 20-40% of pest branches, old and weak branches, removing 25-50% of leaves of the rest healthy branches, and completely removing larger or obvious inflorescences;
S3: preparing a temporary planting nursery, namely building the temporary planting nursery by nearby selecting land blocks with flat land patterns and convenient irrigation and drainage, and paving a proper water supply system, a timer and corresponding irrigation pipelines according to the number and plant row spacing of arbor temporary planting cultivation;
S4: preparing temporary planting holes, namely preparing temporary planting holes according to the size of arbor soil balls, enclosing the soil balls with the diameter of less than 0.8m by adopting a PVC root controller to form temporary planting holes, wherein the hole specification is 20-30 cm larger than that of the soil balls and 15-25 cm higher than that of the soil balls; the soil ball with the diameter of more than 0.8m is surrounded by sintered bricks or cement bricks to form temporary planting holes, and the inner diameter of each hole is 30-60 cm larger than that of the soil ball and 25-35 cm higher than that of the soil ball;
S5: the arbor temporary planting and matrix filling, the bottom of the temporary planting hole adopts coarse river sand with the grain diameter of 1-5 mm to be paved with 5-10 cm thick so as to drain water; spreading a nutrient matrix with good water retention property of 5-10 cm on the river sand layer, wherein the nutrient matrix is prepared from woodland humus soil, peat soil, 3-6 mm red jade soil and bio-organic fertilizer according to a volume ratio of 4:3:2:1, uniformly mixing; carefully lifting the excavated arbor to a temporary planting garden, disassembling the net bag, respectively lifting and planting the arbor in temporary planting holes according to the size of soil balls, filling and compacting the periphery of each hole by a loose matrix with strong water absorbability, wherein the loose matrix is prepared by uniformly mixing fine river sand with the particle size of 0.3-1.0 mm, fine red jade soil with the particle size of 1-3 mm, red jade soil with the particle size of 3-6 mm and bio-organic fertilizer according to the volume ratio of 3:3:3:1; uniformly mixing peat soil and a biological organic fertilizer according to a volume ratio of 3:1 at the upper part of the temporary planting hole, and covering the surface of a soil ball by 3-5 cm; after the temporary planting is finished, reasonably supporting the arbor according to actual needs and watering thoroughly;
S6: drilling and filling the soil ball, and drilling the soil ball by using a threaded drill rod (welded with a cross handle for operation) with the length of about 1m and the diameter of 25-32 mm before earthing the surface of the soil ball, wherein the depth of the holes reaches 2/3 of the height of the soil ball and the holes are uniformly distributed around the soil ball; the drilling is carefully performed, so that the main root is avoided as much as possible, and the soil balls are prevented from being crushed; 4-6 arbor holes with soil ball diameter below 0.8m and 6-8 arbor holes with soil ball diameter above 0.8 m; the holes are vertically filled with the straw until the filling is compact.
S7: rooting induction of soil balls, namely, irrigating 1 secondary root solution to the soil balls every 10-15 days for 2-3 times continuously in 1 month for inducing the soil balls to germinate a large amount of adventitious roots; when irrigation is carried out, slowly irrigating from the drilling hole on the surface of the soil ball and the edges around the soil ball until the soil ball is soaked; each 1L of rooting solution contains: 0.02g of ABT-6 rooting powder, 0.02-0.04 g of potassium indolebutyric acid, 1.0-2.0 g of monopotassium phosphate, 1.0g of hymexazol and the balance of water;
S8: the root system is vertically induced, in order to promote the growth of the root system of the soil ball in the vertical direction (downwards), the soil ball is directionally irrigated by adopting a drip irrigation mode, a drip arrow is inserted into a drilling hole on the surface of the soil ball, 1 branch is inserted into each hole, the soil ball is supplemented with water by adopting the minimum flow (single arrow flow 1.0-1.5L/h), and the water permeates downwards along the dried straw, so that the root system is induced to grow towards the middle lower part of the soil ball with higher humidity; the drip irrigation is started for 1 time per hour, and each drip irrigation time is 15 minutes;
s9: the root system is horizontally induced, in order to promote the growth of the root system of the soil ball in the horizontal direction (outwards), the soil ball is continuously supplemented with water by adopting the drip irrigation mode, meanwhile, the water is manually sprayed for 1-2 times along the edge of the soil ball, and the water potential difference formed by the water absorption of the loose matrix at the periphery of the soil ball is utilized to induce the adventitious root system to continuously grow into the peripheral matrix with higher water potential;
S10: raw soil improvement, namely, improving barren soil of soil balls, namely, pouring active nutrient solution on the surfaces of the soil balls and on drill holes until the soil balls are basically soaked, pouring for 1 time per month, and continuously pouring for 3-4 times; each 1L of active nutrient solution comprises: 0.3 to 0.6g of bacillus subtilis agent, 0.3 to 0.6g of potassium fulvate serving as a mineral source, 3 to 6g of water-soluble compound fertilizer (15:15:15) and the balance of water.
Preferably, the water and fertilizer management of the arbor is carried out, and when the highest temperature in winter and spring days is not more than 25 ℃, the water and fertilizer management refers to drip irrigation and nutrient solution irrigation in S7-S9; and (3) when the highest air temperature in spring and autumn is higher than 5 days continuously and is between 25 and 33 ℃, the flow of the single arrow drop is regulated to be between 1.5 and 2.0L/h until the maintenance is finished.
Preferably, when the water and fertilizer management of the arbor is carried out from the last spring to the beginning of autumn and the highest day temperature is more than 33 ℃ for more than 5 days continuously, the flow of a single arrow drop is regulated to be 2.0-3.0L/h, and in order to improve the adaptability of the temporary planted arbor to high-temperature weather, a high-pressure water gun is adopted to spray drought-resistant agent to the crown for 1 time every 7-10 days, and the spraying is carried out continuously for 4-6 times until the maintenance is finished. Each 1L drought-resistant agent solution contains: 0.001g of 0.2% brassinolide, 0.1-0.2 g of boric acid, 2-4 g of potassium nitrate and the balance of water.
Preferably, after the arbor is planted, in order to improve the adaptability and drought resistance of the newly grown root system, after the arbor is maintained for 3 months, water control seedling hardening is continued for 1 month; the first 1 to 2 weeks, the drip irrigation interval is changed to 1 time every 2 hours according to the current drip irrigation frequency; on the basis of drip irrigation in the first 2 weeks, the flow of a single drip arrow is reduced by 25-50% from week 3; and continuously starting the drip irrigation for 1 time every 3 hours on the basis of the drip irrigation for the first 1 week until the 4 th week, and gradually reducing the moisture of soil balls so as to lift seedlings.
Preferably, when the arbor leaves a nursery, the arbor is selected to be in a cloudy day or in a sunny day with the highest day temperature not exceeding 33 ℃, firstly, a temporary planting hole surrounded by a root controller or bricks is removed, then loose filling matrixes at the periphery of the soil ball are carefully removed, a dense indefinite root system is exposed, and the soil ball is bound by adopting a sunshade net bag and a rope which are easy to disassemble; according to the transplanting season and arbor type, 25-50% of the leaves are removed, then the leaves are loaded and transported to a destination in time, and the leaves are transported and planted on the same day as much as possible and watered thoroughly.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The method for improving the inferior soil balls of the tree planted in the south China hillside land is suitable for improving and containerized cultivation of the inferior soil balls of the tree planted in the south China hillside land and is suitable for operating single-pole and cluster broad-leaved trees planted in the hillside land; the field arbor digs time for 9 months each year to 5 months the next year, the container temporary planting cultivation can be carried out all year round, the nursery transplanting can be carried out after the cultivation for 4 months, the cultivation period is short, the soil ball root system is numerous, the seedling transplanting is convenient, and the market demand for the container high-quality arbor can be greatly met.
2. According to the method for improving the inferior soil balls of the arbor planted in the mountain slope of south China, the land is selected for nursery establishment nearby, the PVC root controller, the sintered bricks or the cement bricks are adopted to enclose the temporary planting holes for containerized cultivation, the mode is simple, the operation is easy, and the method is suitable for large-scale cultivation improvement of the arbor planted in the mountain slope. The nutrient substrate and the loose substrate with different components and proportions are adopted, and have the advantages of water absorption, water retention, drainage and air permeability, and strong inducibility to an indefinite root system; the soil ball drilling mode adopted in a large scale can effectively improve the root system growth environment and water and fertilizer supply in the soil ball, and is convenient for the induction, growth and development of an indefinite root system.
3. According to the method for improving the inferior soil balls of the arbor planted in the south China hillside land, the development of the adventitious root system is synchronously induced in a plurality of modes, and the rooting solution is suitable for the massive germination of the adventitious roots of the common broad-leaved arbor in the south China and can also inhibit the damage of root fungi to wounds; the vertical induction method is adopted, and the gravity and water-oriented property of the root system are utilized to guide the root system to grow to the middle and lower parts of the soil ball with higher humidity; the horizontal induction method is mainly used for inducing the soil ball adventitious roots to continuously grow into the peripheral matrixes with higher water potential by utilizing the water potential difference formed by the water absorbability and the air permeability of the red jade soil with different particle diameters and the water tension among different matrixes, so that the number of the soil ball adventitious roots is increased in a multi-dimensional way and greatly. Meanwhile, the adopted active nutrient solution can activate soil, improve physical and chemical properties of original soil, supplement and improve fertilizer efficiency and prevent soil-borne diseases, thereby ensuring healthy and vigorous growth of root systems.
4. According to the method for improving the inferior soil balls of the arbor planted in the south China hillside land, the container maintenance of the arbor is carried out by adopting targeted water and fertilizer management measures, the water supply frequency of drip irrigation is flexibly set according to the weather temperature and the growing period, the plant absorption and the water evaporation can be well balanced, and the water resource waste is avoided; the foliage spraying of the drought-resistant agent can enhance photosynthesis and drought resistance and high temperature resistance of plants, thereby improving the adaptability of the temporary planted arbor to high temperature weather. The adopted water control seedling hardening method can gradually improve drought resistance and adaptability of the root system, and meets the transplanting and planting requirements of the garden engineering site.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the invention for digging, bundling, pruning and defoliating of trees planted in single-pole and multi-pole hillside fields;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a tree temporary planting hole surrounded by PVC root control devices and sintered bricks, respectively;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present invention for containerized, large-scale temporary planting cultivation of different specifications of hillside arbor;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a dense adventitious root system formed by horizontal induction and vertical induction of the soil bulbous system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the rapid formation of a compact forest landscape after the nursery setting of the single-pole and multi-pole arbor cultivated by the temporary planting.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the present invention provides a technical solution: an inferior soil ball improvement method for arbor cultivation in south China hillside fields comprises the following steps:
s1: digging, root cutting and digging, namely digging broad-leaved trees planted in hillside lands, and determining the size of soil balls according to the breast diameter or the ground diameter, survival difficulty and the like of the trees, wherein the soil ball diameter of a single-pole tree is preferably 6-10 times of the breast diameter, the soil ball diameter of a cluster tree is preferably 4-8 times of the ground diameter, the soil ball height is 2/3-4/5 of the soil ball diameter, digging soil layer by layer from shallow and deep and cutting all root systems during digging, and ensuring that the wall surface and the root system cross section of the soil ball are smooth and the soil ball is not broken;
S2: preparing seedling transplanting, namely applying wound healing agent to broken roots with the diameter of more than 1cm, and bundling soil balls by using a net bag and a cloth rope which are easy to disassemble; on the premise of ensuring graceful tree shape, pruning 20-40% of pest branches, old and weak branches, removing 25-50% of leaves of the rest healthy branches, and completely removing larger or obvious inflorescences;
S3: preparing a temporary planting nursery, namely building the temporary planting nursery by nearby selecting land blocks with flat land patterns and convenient irrigation and drainage, and paving a proper water supply system, a timer and corresponding irrigation pipelines according to the number and plant row spacing of arbor temporary planting cultivation;
S4: preparing temporary planting holes, namely preparing temporary planting holes according to the size of arbor soil balls, enclosing the soil balls with the diameter of less than 0.8m by adopting a PVC root controller to form temporary planting holes, wherein the hole specification is 20-30 cm larger than that of the soil balls and 15-25 cm higher than that of the soil balls; the soil ball with the diameter of more than 0.8m is surrounded by sintered bricks or cement bricks to form temporary planting holes, and the inner diameter of each hole is 30-60 cm larger than that of the soil ball and 25-35 cm higher than that of the soil ball;
S5: the arbor temporary planting and matrix filling, the bottom of the temporary planting hole adopts coarse river sand with the grain diameter of 1-5 mm to be paved with 5-10 cm thick so as to drain water; spreading a nutrient matrix with good water retention property of 5-10 cm on the river sand layer, wherein the nutrient matrix is prepared from woodland humus soil, peat soil, 3-6 mm red jade soil and bio-organic fertilizer according to a volume ratio of 4:3:2:1, uniformly mixing; carefully lifting the excavated arbor to a temporary planting garden, disassembling the net bag, respectively lifting and planting the arbor in temporary planting holes according to the size of soil balls, filling and compacting the periphery of each hole by a loose matrix with strong water absorbability, wherein the loose matrix is prepared by uniformly mixing fine river sand with the particle size of 0.3-1.0 mm, fine red jade soil with the particle size of 1-3 mm, red jade soil with the particle size of 3-6 mm and bio-organic fertilizer according to the volume ratio of 3:3:3:1; uniformly mixing peat soil and a biological organic fertilizer according to a volume ratio of 3:1 at the upper part of the temporary planting hole, and covering the surface of a soil ball by 3-5 cm; after the temporary planting is finished, reasonably supporting the arbor according to actual needs and watering thoroughly;
S6: drilling and filling the soil ball, and drilling the soil ball by using a threaded drill rod (welded with a cross handle for operation) with the length of about 1m and the diameter of 25-32 mm before earthing the surface of the soil ball, wherein the depth of the holes reaches 2/3 of the height of the soil ball and the holes are uniformly distributed around the soil ball; the drilling is carefully performed, so that the main root is avoided as much as possible, and the soil balls are prevented from being crushed; 4-6 arbor holes with soil ball diameter below 0.8m and 6-8 arbor holes with soil ball diameter above 0.8 m; the holes are vertically filled with the straw until the filling is compact.
S7: rooting induction of soil balls, namely, irrigating 1 secondary root solution to the soil balls every 10-15 days for 2-3 times continuously in 1 month for inducing the soil balls to germinate a large amount of adventitious roots; when irrigation is carried out, slowly irrigating from the drilling hole on the surface of the soil ball and the edges around the soil ball until the soil ball is soaked; each 1L of rooting solution contains: 0.02g of ABT-6 rooting powder, 0.02-0.04 g of potassium indolebutyric acid, 1.0-2.0 g of monopotassium phosphate, 1.0g of hymexazol and the balance of water;
S8: the root system is vertically induced, in order to promote the growth of the root system of the soil ball in the vertical direction (downwards), the soil ball is directionally irrigated by adopting a drip irrigation mode, a drip arrow is inserted into a drilling hole on the surface of the soil ball, 1 branch is inserted into each hole, the soil ball is supplemented with water by adopting the minimum flow (single arrow flow 1.0-1.5L/h), and the water permeates downwards along the dried straw, so that the root system is induced to grow towards the middle lower part of the soil ball with higher humidity; the drip irrigation is started for 1 time per hour, and each drip irrigation time is 15 minutes;
s9: the root system is horizontally induced, in order to promote the growth of the root system of the soil ball in the horizontal direction (outwards), the soil ball is continuously supplemented with water by adopting the drip irrigation mode, meanwhile, the water is manually sprayed for 1-2 times along the edge of the soil ball, and the water potential difference formed by the water absorption of the loose matrix at the periphery of the soil ball is utilized to induce the adventitious root system to continuously grow into the peripheral matrix with higher water potential;
S10: raw soil improvement, namely, improving barren soil of soil balls, namely, pouring active nutrient solution on the surfaces of the soil balls and on drill holes until the soil balls are basically soaked, pouring for 1 time per month, and continuously pouring for 3-4 times; each 1L of active nutrient solution comprises: 0.3 to 0.6g of bacillus subtilis agent, 0.3 to 0.6g of potassium fulvate serving as a mineral source, 3 to 6g of water-soluble compound fertilizer (15:15:15) and the balance of water.
Water and fertilizer management of arbor, wherein when the highest temperature in winter and spring days is not more than 25 ℃, water and fertilizer management refers to drip irrigation and nutrient solution irrigation in S7-S9; and (3) when the highest air temperature in spring and autumn is higher than 5 days continuously and is between 25 and 33 ℃, the flow of the single arrow drop is regulated to be between 1.5 and 2.0L/h until the maintenance is finished.
And (3) when the highest daily air temperature exceeds 33 ℃ for more than 5 days in the late spring to early autumn, the water and fertilizer management of the arbor is carried out, the flow of a single arrow is regulated to 2.0-3.0L/h, and in order to improve the adaptability of the temporarily planted arbor to high-temperature weather, a high-pressure water gun is adopted to spray drought-resistant agents to tree crowns for 1 time every 7-10 days, and the spraying is carried out for 4-6 times continuously until maintenance is finished. Each 1L drought-resistant agent solution contains: 0.001g of 0.2% brassinolide, 0.1-0.2 g of boric acid, 2-4 g of potassium nitrate and the balance of water.
After arbor is planted, in order to improve the adaptability and drought resistance of the new root system, after 3 months of maintenance, water control seedling hardening is continued for 1 month; the first 1 to 2 weeks, the drip irrigation interval is changed to 1 time every 2 hours according to the current drip irrigation frequency; on the basis of drip irrigation in the first 2 weeks, the flow of a single drip arrow is reduced by 25-50% from week 3; and continuously starting the drip irrigation for 1 time every 3 hours on the basis of the drip irrigation for the first 1 week until the 4 th week, and gradually reducing the moisture of soil balls so as to lift seedlings.
When the arbor leaves the nursery, selecting a cloudy day or a sunny day with the highest day temperature not exceeding 33 ℃, firstly removing temporary planting holes surrounded by root controllers or bricks, carefully removing loose filling matrixes at the periphery of soil balls to expose dense adventitious root systems, and bundling the soil balls by adopting a sunshade net bag and a rope which are easy to disassemble; according to the transplanting season and arbor type, 25-50% of the leaves are removed, then the leaves are loaded and transported to a destination in time, and the leaves are transported and planted on the same day as much as possible and watered thoroughly.
Case one: drilling contrast test of soil ball
In order to improve the root system growth environment of arbor soil balls, different soil ball drilling comparison tests are carried out. Taking the common hillside land planted broadleaf arbor radix Ilicis Purpureae in south China as an example, drilling holes on the surface of the temporarily planted soil ball by using a threaded drill rod with the length of about 1m and the diameter of 25mm or 32mm, wherein a cross handle is welded at the top of the drill rod for operation; careful operation is carried out during drilling, the main root is avoided as much as possible, the soil ball is prevented from being crushed, and the depth of the hole reaches 2/3 of the height of the soil ball; the holes are vertically filled with the straw until the filling is compact.
Besides different numbers of drilled holes, the source of the ilex pubescens planted in hillside fields is the same, the breast diameter of the nursery stock is consistent with the specification of soil balls, and the soil balls are subjected to conventional drip irrigation and fertilization management without other special induction or maintenance. The specific treatment is compared as follows:
Treatment 1: 9 iron-wintergreen plants with the soil ball diameters below 0.8m and above 0.8m are not drilled and 18 iron-wintergreen plants are treated;
Treatment 2: 9 iron-wintergreen plants with soil ball diameters below 0.8m, 2 holes are drilled in each plant, 9 iron-wintergreen plants with soil ball diameters above 0.8m, 4 holes are drilled in each plant, and 18 plants are processed together;
Treatment 3: 9 iron-wintergreen plants with soil ball diameters below 0.8m, 4 holes for each plant, and 9 iron-wintergreen plants with soil ball diameters above 0.8m, 6 holes for each plant, and 18 total treatment plants;
treatment 4: 9 iron-wintergreen plants with soil ball diameters below 0.8m, 6 holes for each plant, and 9 iron-wintergreen plants with soil ball diameters above 0.8m, 8 holes for each plant, and 16 plants are treated together;
After curing for 4 months, firstly removing temporary planting holes surrounded by root controllers or bricks, carefully removing filling matrixes at the periphery of the soil balls; in order to evaluate the influence of drilling on improving the root growth environment in the soil ball and inducing the growth and development of an indefinite root system, 410 x 10cm sample sides are randomly drilled on four sides of the middle lower part of each treated soil ball, the number of root systems with the thickness of more than or equal to 1mm in each sample side is counted to indirectly measure the beneficial effect of drilling, and the larger the average rooting number is, the better the improvement effect of the treatment is indicated. Rooting statistics for each treatment were as follows:
Table 1: average rooting number in each treatment sample
Note that: the significance of the data is single factor analysis for the same soil ball specification or the same variety, and the same is followed.
As can be seen from table 1: when no punching treatment is carried out, the iron-holly with smaller soil ball specification has better air permeability, and the number of rooting bars is more than that of the average rooting bars of plants with larger soil balls; compared with the process 1 without punching, the process 2 can promote the increase of the average rooting number by punching the soil balls with two specifications of the radix clematidis, and the increase of the rooting number by punching 4 soil balls with large specification and 2 soil balls with smaller specification is more obvious.
As can be seen from the comparison of the treatments 2 to 4, the average rooting bar number of the soil balls with two specifications is continuously increased along with the increase of the punching number of the soil balls with the iron winter, wherein the rooting promoting effect of the treatment 4 is most remarkable, compared with the treatment 1, the rooting bar number of the soil balls with the diameter less than or equal to 0.8m is increased by 39.02%, and the rooting bar number of the soil balls with the diameter more than 0.8m is increased by 48.15%. In addition, analysis of variance shows that the rooting effect difference between the treatment 3 and the treatment 4 is not obvious, namely the treatment 3 also has a better soil ball improvement effect.
Considering that the more the soil ball is perforated, the more easily the soil ball is broken, the treatment 4 and the treatment 3 can be considered to have better effects of improving the root growth environment in the soil ball and inducing the growth and development of the indefinite root system, namely 4 to 6 arbor with the soil ball diameter below 0.8m are perforated, and 6 to 8 arbor with the soil ball diameter above 0.8m are most suitable.
It should be noted that the optimal treatment method of this embodiment also obtains the same or similar improvement effect on arbor soil balls of other different varieties (evergreen broad-leaved trees such as osmanthus fragrans, arhat pine, camphor, red bayberry, water peach, deciduous trees such as cercis chinensis, aeolian yellow, phoenix tree, small-leaved olive kernel, crape myrtle, etc.).
Case two: matrix filling ratio test of temporary planting soil ball
In order to promote the root growth of the temporary planting soil balls, different matrix filling tests of the temporary planting soil balls are carried out. Taking common hillside fields in south China as examples, planting broadleaf trees such as radix Ilicis Purpureae and Lagerstroemia speciosa, adopting plants with soil balls with diameters below 0.8m, adopting a PVC root controller to enclose to form temporary planting holes, and adopting the mode of the first embodiment and the treatment 4 thereof for drilling and filling. The bottom of the temporary planting hole adopts coarse river sand with the grain diameter of 1-5 mm to be paved with 5-10 cm thick so as to drain water; except that the filling matrixes of the temporary planting holes are different, the sources of the ilex pubescens and the crape myrtle planted in hillside fields are the same, the breast diameters of the seedlings are consistent with the specifications of soil balls, and normal growth of the temporary planting arbor is ensured by adopting conventional drip irrigation and fertilization management. The specific treatment is compared as follows:
Treatment 5: 10 parts of radix Ilicis Purpureae and Lagerstroemia speciosa respectively, wherein the bottom, the periphery and the upper part of the temporary planting hole are uniformly mixed with 0.3-1.0 mm of fine river sand according to the volume ratio of 9:1 by adopting the same garden soil (taking the mature soil of a cultivated layer on site), and then are filled, and 20 parts are treated in total;
treatment 6: 10 parts of radix Ilicis Purpureae and Lagerstroemia speciosa are respectively planted, the bottom, the periphery and the upper part of the temporary planting hole are uniformly mixed by adopting the same humus soil under the forest (humus soil in the nearby forest) and 3-6 mm red jade soil according to the volume ratio of 9:1, and then are filled, and 20 parts are treated in total;
Treatment 7: 10 plants of radix Ilicis Pubescentis and Lagerstroemia speciosa are respectively filled with the same nutrient matrix at the bottom, the periphery and the upper part of the temporary planting hole, the nutrient matrix is prepared from woody humus soil, peat soil, 3-6 mm red jade soil and bio-organic fertilizer, and the nutrient matrix is uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio of 4:3:2:1, and the total treatment is 20 plants.
Treatment 8: 10 plants of radix Ilicis Purpureae and Lagerstroemia speciosa are respectively planted, the bottom of the temporary planting hole is filled with a nutrition matrix, the nutrition matrix is prepared from woodland humus, peat soil, 3-6 mm red jade soil and bio-organic fertilizer, and the nutrition matrix is prepared by uniformly mixing according to the volume ratio of 4:3:2:1; the periphery of the temporary planting hole is filled with a loose matrix with strong water absorption, and the loose matrix is prepared by uniformly mixing fine river sand with the particle size of 0.3-1.0 mm, fine red jade soil with the particle size of 1-3 mm, red jade soil with the particle size of 3-6 mm and a biological organic fertilizer according to the volume ratio of 3:3:3:1; uniformly mixing peat soil and a biological organic fertilizer according to a volume ratio of 3:1 at the upper part of the temporary planting hole, and covering the surface of a soil ball by 3-5 cm.
After curing for 4 months, firstly removing the temporary planting holes surrounded by the root controller, carefully removing the filling matrix at the periphery of the soil ball; in order to evaluate the influence of different filling matrixes on the growth and development of the soil ball adventitious root system, 4 10 x 10cm sample formulas are randomly beaten on four sides of the middle lower part of each treated soil ball, the number of root systems with the thickness of more than or equal to 1mm in each sample formula is counted to measure the beneficial effect of the filling matrixes on rooting, and the larger the average rooting number is, the better the rooting effect of the matrix is indicated. Rooting statistics for each treatment were as follows:
table 2: average rooting number in each treatment sample
Note that: the above treatments are carried out successively within 1 year, and treatment 8 is carried out optimally on the basis of treatments 5 to 7.
As can be seen from table 2: the rooting effect difference of 5-7 on the iron holly is obvious, the rooting effect of single woodland humus is better than that of garden soil, the rooting effect of the nutrient matrix compounded by the woodland humus is better, and the rooting number is up to 10.33; the treatment 8 is optimized based on the treatments 5-7, the rooting effect is best, the average rooting number is up to 10.68, the root system grows in the horizontal direction (outwards) more favorably, and the length of the adventitious root is longer and stronger.
The rooting effect difference of 5-7 on crape myrtle is very obvious, the rooting effect of single woodland humus is obviously better than that of garden soil, and is obviously worse than that of nutrient medium compounded by woodland humus; similarly, the rooting effect of the treatment 8 which is optimally implemented on the basis of the treatments 5-7 is obviously better than that of the compounded nutrient matrix, and the length of adventitious roots growing in the horizontal direction (outwards) is longer, and the number of secondary side roots is also more.
In summary, the optimized treatment 8 based on the treatment 5-7 is most beneficial to the root growth of the temporary planting soil balls, namely, the bottom of the temporary planting hole is filled with a nutrition matrix, and the nutrition matrix is prepared from woody humus soil, peat soil, 3-6 mm red jade soil and bio-organic fertilizer, and the nutrition matrix is prepared by uniformly mixing the materials according to the volume ratio of 4:3:2:1; the periphery of the temporary planting hole is filled with a loose matrix with strong water absorption, and the loose matrix is prepared by uniformly mixing fine river sand with the particle size of 0.3-1.0 mm, fine red jade soil with the particle size of 1-3 mm, red jade soil with the particle size of 3-6 mm and a biological organic fertilizer according to the volume ratio of 3:3:3:1; uniformly mixing peat soil and a biological organic fertilizer according to a volume ratio of 3:1 at the upper part of the temporary planting hole, and covering the surface of a soil ball by 3-5 cm.
It should be noted that, the optimal treatment method in this embodiment also has a consistent rooting effect on the iron-wintergreen and banaba with the soil ball diameter of more than 0.8m, and the same or similar improvement effect on arbor soil balls of other different varieties (evergreen broad-leaved trees such as Arhat pine, cinnamomum camphora, myrica rubra, etc.), deciduous trees such as yellow-corktree, phoenix tree, small-leaved olive kernel, etc.), and the treatment quantity of other soil ball specifications or arbor varieties is different, so detailed description is omitted.
Case three: original soil improvement test of temporary planting soil ball
In order to improve the barren soil of the soil ball, the invention sequentially adopts different methods to carry out original soil improvement tests. Still take the common hillside land in south China to plant broadleaf arbor, such as radix Ilicis Purpureae and Lagerstroemia speciosa, as an example, plants with soil balls with diameters below 0.8m are all adopted, PVC root controllers are adopted to enclose to form temporary planting holes for temporary planting, the temporary planting holes are respectively filled with nutrient matrixes and loose matrixes of the treatment 8, and the first embodiment and the treatment 4 are adopted for drilling and filling. Besides different proportions and modes of irrigation nutrient solution, sources of the ilex pubescens and the crape myrtle planted in the hillside land are the same, the average value of the pH value of the soil in the original hillside land is 4.42, the breast diameter and the soil ball specification of the nursery stock are consistent, and the nursery stock is maintained in a conventional drip irrigation mode. The specific processing mode is as follows:
treatment 9: 10 plants of radix Ilicis Pubescentis and Lagerstroemia speciosa are irrigated on the surface of the soil ball and the positions of the drill holes by adopting nutrient solution until the soil ball is basically soaked, irrigating for 1 time each month, and continuously irrigating for 3-4 times; each 1L of nutrient solution contains 5-6 g of water-soluble compound fertilizer (15:15:15) and the balance of water.
Treatment 10: 10 plants of radix Ilicis Pubescentis and Lagerstroemia speciosa are irrigated on the surface of the soil ball and the positions of the drill holes by adopting nutrient solution until the soil ball is basically soaked, irrigating for 1 time each month, and continuously irrigating for 3-4 times; each 1L of nutrient solution comprises: 0.3 to 0.6g of potassium fulvate as a mineral source, 4 to 6g of water-soluble compound fertilizer (15:15:15) and the balance of water.
Treatment 11: 10 plants of radix Ilicis Purpureae and Lagerstroemia speciosa are irrigated on the surface of the soil ball and the positions of the drill holes by adopting active nutrient solution until the soil ball is basically soaked, irrigated for 1 time each month and irrigated for 3-4 times continuously; each 1L of active nutrient solution comprises: 0.6 to 1.2g of trichoderma harzianum, 0.3 to 0.6g of bacillus subtilis, 3 to 6g of water-soluble compound fertilizer (15:15:15) and the balance of water.
Treatment 12: 10 plants of radix Ilicis Purpureae and Lagerstroemia speciosa are irrigated on the surface of the soil ball and the positions of the drill holes by adopting active nutrient solution until the soil ball is basically soaked, irrigated for 1 time each month and irrigated for 3-4 times continuously; each 1L of active nutrient solution comprises: 0.3 to 0.6g of bacillus subtilis, 0.3 to 0.6g of potassium fulvate serving as a mineral source, 3 to 6g of water-soluble compound fertilizer (15:15:15) and the balance of water.
After curing for 4 months, firstly removing the temporary planting holes surrounded by the root controller, carefully removing the filling matrix at the periphery of the soil ball; in order to evaluate the influence of different nutrient solution formulas on soil ball improvement and growth and development of an indefinite root system, 4 sample formulas of 10 x 10cm are randomly beaten on four sides of the middle lower part of each treated soil ball, the number of root systems with the thickness of more than or equal to 1mm in each sample formula is counted, the fluctuation range of the pH average value of soil ball soil is detected to measure the beneficial effects of different nutrient solution treatments on raw soil improvement, and the more the number of average rooting strips and the more obvious the pH value of soil are raised, the better the soil ball improvement effect of the treatment is shown. The rooting number and pH value of each treatment are counted as follows:
Table 3: average rooting number and pH value in each sample treating side
Note that: the average pH value of the soil in the original hillside land is 4.42.
As can be seen from table 3: the rooting effect of the different treatments on the ilex pubescens is different, the average rooting number of the treatment 12 is up to 11.08, the difference between the treatment 12 and the treatment 11 is not obvious, and the difference between the treatment 9 and the treatment 10 is extremely obvious; meanwhile, the pH value of the original soil ball is most obviously regulated by the treatment 12, the average value of the pH value is increased from 4.42 of the original soil to 5.19, namely, the soil is improved from the acidity to the weak acidity, the acidic environment of the root soil is well improved, and the adaptability of seedling transplanting is also improved.
The rooting effect of different treatments on the lagerstroemia indica is different, the average rooting number of the treatment 12 is up to 14.42, the differences between the treatment and the treatments 9, 10 and 11 are very remarkable, meanwhile, the acid-base regulation of the treatment 12 on the raw soil balls of the lagerstroemia indica is also optimal, and the average value of the pH of the improved soil is increased by 0.76.
The average rooting number of the active nutrient solution (treatments 11 and 12) added with the microbial agent is better than that of the nutrient solution (treatments 9 and 10) added with the fertilizer, and the adjusting effect (treatment 11) of adding trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis is not as good as that of the treatment 12 added with only bacillus subtilis, which is possibly related to the mutual inhibition of the microbial agent or the growth inhibition of the microbial agent on trichoderma harzianum. Meanwhile, the pH change value of the soil of the treatment groups (10 and 12) added with the mineral source potassium fulvate is far greater than that of the soil of the treatment groups (9 and 11) which are not added, and the soil is used as an alkaline fertilizer, so that the adjusting effect on acidic soil balls is strong and the effect of the alkaline fertilizer is high. Therefore, the active nutrient solution prepared from 0.3-0.6 g of bacillus subtilis agent, 0.3-0.6 g of potassium fulvate serving as a mineral source, 3-6 g of water-soluble compound fertilizer (15:15:15) and the balance of water can be considered to have the best effect of improving the soil with barren raw soil balls.
It should be noted that, the optimal treatment method of this embodiment also has a good rooting effect on the iron-wintergreen and banaba with the soil ball diameter of more than 0.8m, and the same or similar improvement effect on the arbor soil balls of other different varieties (evergreen broad-leaved trees such as Arhat pine, cinnamomum camphora, water-cattail, myrica rubra, etc.), deciduous trees such as yellow-corbelia, small-leaved olive kernel, large-leaved banaba, etc., and the treatment quantity of other arbor varieties is different, so detailed description is omitted.
Case four: soil ball root system induction test
In order to induce soil balls to germinate a large amount of adventitious roots and guide the adventitious roots to grow downwards and outwards, the invention sequentially adopts different methods to carry out rooting induction tests. Still take the common hillside land in south China to plant broadleaf arbor, namely, ilex pubescens as an example, the soil balls with different specifications are respectively surrounded by PVC root controllers and bricks to form temporary planting holes for temporary planting. The temporary planting holes were filled with nutrient substrate and loose substrate of treatment 9, respectively, and drilled and filled in the manner of example one and treatment 4. Besides different rooting induction and root system directional induction modes, the source of the ilex pubescens planted in hillside fields is the same, the breast diameter of the nursery stock is consistent with the specification of soil balls, and the soil balls are managed by adopting conventional drip irrigation and fertilizer. The specific processing mode is as follows:
treatment 13: 8 plants of the ilex pubescens with the soil ball diameter below 0.8m and above 0.8m are maintained by adopting a conventional drip irrigation and nutrient solution irrigation mode; simultaneously, irrigating the soil ball with 1 secondary root solution every 10-15 days within 1 month, and continuously irrigating for 2-3 times, wherein each time, the root solution is irrigated from the drilling hole on the surface of the soil ball and the edge around the soil ball until the soil ball is soaked; each 1L of rooting solution contains: 0.02g of ABT-6 rooting powder, 1.0-2.0 g of monopotassium phosphate and the balance of water.
Treatment 14: 8 plants of the ilex pubescens with the soil ball diameter below 0.8m and above 0.8m are maintained by adopting a conventional drip irrigation and nutrient solution irrigation mode; simultaneously, irrigating the soil ball with 1 secondary root solution every 10-15 days within 1 month, and continuously irrigating for 2-3 times, wherein each time, the root solution is irrigated from the drilling hole on the surface of the soil ball and the edge around the soil ball until the soil ball is soaked; each 1L of rooting solution contains: 0.04 to 0.08g of naphthylacetic acid, 0.02 to 0.04g of potassium indolebutyric acid, 1.0 to 2.0g of monopotassium phosphate and the balance of water.
Treatment 15: 8 plants of the ilex pubescens with the soil ball diameter below 0.8m and above 0.8m are maintained by adopting a conventional drip irrigation and nutrient solution irrigation mode; simultaneously, irrigating the soil ball with 1 secondary root solution every 10-15 days within 1 month, and continuously irrigating for 2-3 times, wherein each time, the root solution is irrigated from the drilling hole on the surface of the soil ball and the edge around the soil ball until the soil ball is soaked; each 1L of rooting solution contains: 0.02g of ABT-6 rooting powder, 0.02-0.04 g of potassium indolebutyric acid, 1.0-2.0 g of monopotassium phosphate, 1.0g of hymexazol and the balance of water.
Treatment 16: 8 parts of radix Ilicis Purpureae with the soil ball diameter below 0.8m and above 0.8m respectively, on the basis of treatment 15, drip irrigation adopts minimum flow (single arrow flow 1.0-1.5L/h) to supplement water for the soil ball, water seeps downwards along the dried straw, the root system is induced to grow to the middle lower part of the soil ball with higher humidity, drip irrigation is started 7:00-19:00 each day, the drip irrigation is started 1 time per hour, and each drip irrigation time is 15min. Meanwhile, in order to promote the growth of the root system of the soil ball in the horizontal direction (outwards), besides adopting the drip irrigation mode to continuously supplement water for the soil ball, the water is manually sprayed for 1-2 times along the edge of the soil ball every week, so that the adventitious root system is induced to continuously grow into the peripheral matrix with higher water potential.
After curing for 4 months, firstly removing the temporary planting holes surrounded by the root controller, carefully removing the filling matrix at the periphery of the soil ball; in order to evaluate the influence of different nutrient solution formulas on soil ball improvement and the growth and development of an indefinite root system, 4 sample formulas of 10 x 10cm are randomly beaten on four sides of the middle lower part of each treated soil ball, the number of root systems with the thickness of more than or equal to 1mm in each sample formula is counted to measure the beneficial effects of different treatments on root system induction, and the larger the average rooting number is, the better the root system induction effect of the treatment is. The rooting number of each treatment is counted as follows:
table 4: average rooting number in each treatment sample
Note that: the above treatments are performed successively within 1 year, and treatment 16 is performed optimally based on treatments 13 to 15.
As can be seen from table 4: the rooting effect of the different treatments on the ilex pubescens is different, the average rooting number of the ABT-6 rooting powder adopted in the treatment 13 is better than that of the growth regulator combination adopted in the treatment 14, but the lateral roots of the treatment are slightly stronger than those of the treatment 14; the combined effect of the ABT-6 rooting powder and the potassium indolebutyrate adopted in the treatment 15 is obviously better than that of the treatment 13 and the treatment 14, so that the lateral roots are thicker and longer, and the average rooting number is more than 11; the rooting effects of different treatments on soil balls with different specifications are consistent, namely, the number of rooting strips with the diameter of less than 0.8m of the iron-winter green soil balls is better than that of the soil balls with the diameter of more than 0.8 m.
The treatment 16 is optimized based on the treatments 13-15, and has more remarkable rooting effect than the treatment 15, namely the average rooting number of the soil balls with two specifications is more than 11.5, the lateral roots are very long and thick, and the horizontal induction and the vertical induction of the root system have certain promoting effects on the increase, the growth and the thickening of the root system.
It should be noted that, the optimal treatment method in this embodiment also obtains the same or similar improvement effect on arbor soil balls of other different varieties (evergreen broad-leaved trees such as camphor, arhat pine, bell flower, red bayberry, etc.), deciduous trees such as hackberry, kapok, crape myrtle, falcate-bark aeolian bellum, etc., and the treatment quantity of other arbor varieties is different, so detailed description is omitted.
Case five: transplanting effect comparison of arbor planted in different hillside fields
In order to clearly determine the improvement effect of the method on the poor soil balls of the arbor planted in hillside fields, the invention adopts 4 different modes to carry out transplanting comparison tests of the arbor planted in the hillside fields. For broad-leaved trees planted in hillside fields, taking common evergreen trees such as ilex pubescens and phoenix tree in south China as examples, 8 ilex pubescens and phoenix tree with diameters below 0.8m and above 0.8m of soil balls adjacent to hillside fields are respectively selected, 32 common in each mode are treated, and 128 common in each mode are treated in total. The specific processing mode is as follows:
Treatment 17: conventional root-breaking transplanting
Firstly cutting roots of selected plants of the ilex pubescens and the phoenix tree in the beginning of 10 months in 2020, digging soil balls with trunks as the center and 6-8 times of breast diameter or ground diameter, digging soil layer by layer from shallow to deep, cutting off root systems in all horizontal directions, and smearing wound healing agents on thick roots with diameters of more than 2 cm; on the premise of ensuring graceful tree shape, pruning branches of 20-40% of the lower layer of the arbor, filling the raw soil mixed with the dried straws and the fertilizer into the pit, tamping slightly, and reasonably supporting the plant. And 2-3 months from 2021, cutting off roots of selected plants for the second time, digging soil from the bottom of the original soil ball along the horizontal direction, cutting off root systems in all vertical directions, and pruning, filling and supporting according to the operation.
And (3) maintaining normal water and fertilizer until 10 months in the same year, and after digging again and binding soil balls, transporting the soil balls to project sites nearby in time for planting and conventional water and fertilizer management.
Treatment 18: conventional temporary planting and transplanting
And at the beginning of 10 months 2020, root cutting is carried out on selected plants of the ilex pubescens and the phoenix tree, the trunk is taken as the center, the soil ball is excavated by 6-8 times of the breast diameter or the ground diameter, soil is excavated from shallow layers to deep layers, all root systems are cut off, and the smooth wall surface of the soil ball and the cross section of the root systems are ensured, and the soil ball cannot scatter. Applying wound healing agent to broken roots with the diameter of more than 2 cm, and pruning old and weak branches of 20-40% of diseases and insects on the premise of ensuring graceful tree shape; after soil balls are bound by adopting the net bags and the ropes which are easy to disassemble, the soil balls are transplanted to a land block under the mountain for temporary planting, wherein the land block is flat and fertile and has good drainage.
Performing soil ball temporary planting by adopting a ditching and hilling mode, wherein the width and length of the temporary planting ditch are determined according to the specifications and the quantity of seedlings; in the temporary planting ditch, the arbor is vertically arranged in a row, soil balls are respectively hilled and tightly stepped, and the arbor is reasonably supported according to actual needs. And then regular water and fertilizer management is carried out regularly, the soil humidity is kept at 50-70%, and the fertilizer is mainly the root broadcast fertilizer. And (5) maintaining normal water and fertilizer until 2021 is reached, restarting the digging ball, and immediately transporting to a project field nearby for planting and conventional water and fertilizer management.
Treatment 19: conventional root control container transplanting
And at the beginning of 10 months 2020, root cutting is carried out on selected plants of the ilex pubescens and the phoenix tree, the trunk is taken as the center, the soil ball is excavated by 6-8 times of the breast diameter or the ground diameter, soil is excavated from shallow layers to deep layers, all root systems are cut off, and the smooth wall surface of the soil ball and the cross section of the root systems are ensured, and the soil ball cannot scatter. Applying wound healing agent to broken roots with the diameter of more than 2 cm, and pruning old and weak branches of 20-40% of diseases and insects on the premise of ensuring graceful tree shape; after soil balls are bundled by adopting an easily-disassembled net bag and a cloth rope, the soil balls are transplanted to a land block with flat and fertile under the mountain and good drainage for root control container temporary planting.
Enclosing by a PVC root controller to form a temporary planting hole, wherein the hole size of the soil ball with the diameter of less than 0.8m is 20-30 cm larger than that of the soil ball and 15-25 cm higher than that of the soil ball; the soil ball with the diameter of more than 0.8m has the hole specification of 30-50 cm larger than that of the soil ball and 20-30 cm higher than that of the soil ball. Carefully lifting the excavated arbor to a temporary planting garden, and respectively lifting and planting the arbor in temporary planting holes according to the size of soil balls; the method comprises the following steps of adopting garden soil and woodland humus according to a volume ratio of 1: and 1, mixing, filling and compacting, and reasonably supporting the arbor according to actual needs. And then regular water and fertilizer management is carried out regularly, the soil humidity is kept at 50-80%, and the fertilizer is mainly the root broadcast fertilizer. And (5) maintaining normal water and fertilizer until 2021 is reached, restarting the digging ball, and immediately transporting to a project field nearby for planting and conventional water and fertilizer management.
Treatment 20: the method of the invention
The complete measure of the method according to the invention is the content of the claims according to the invention.
The method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out root cutting, digging and temporary planting transplanting on a arbor according to the claim content of the invention in 2021, then carrying out root induction of soil ball root system and improvement on original soil, growing and maintaining until the year 5, carrying out nursery emergence, and carrying out planting and conventional water and fertilizer management on the arbor nearby in time.
And periodically revisiting the growth condition and the survival rate of the transplanted arbor after each treatment, wherein the statistics of each treatment result are as follows:
table 5: culturing time length and transplanting survival condition statistics of each treatment
As can be seen from table 5: the culture duration and the transplanting survival effect of different treatments on the arbor planted in the hillside land are different, the culture time of the soil ball of the arbor planted in the hillside land is 8-12 months, the transplanting survival rate of the arbor after being transplanted out of the nursery is 68.7-84.4%, and 2-4 months are generally required for recovering the growth vigor after the arbor is transplanted out of the nursery. The method is adopted to carry out poor soil ball improvement and containerized cultivation of the arbor planted in the hillside land, only 4 months are needed until the arbor leaves the nursery, and the cultivation time is at least shortened by 4 months compared with that of the conventional method; the transplanting survival rate can reach 100%, which is improved by 15.6% -31.3% compared with the conventional method, and the arbor loss can be effectively reduced; through conventional water and fertilizer maintenance, vigorous growth vigor can be recovered only by 1-2 months, so that a landscape effect of the compact forest is formed rapidly, and the recovery time is shortened by 1-2 months compared with that of a conventional method.
It should be noted that, the method of the invention performs more tests and large-scale container seedling cultivation (fig. 3) on the improvement of the poor soil balls of other hillside fields with different varieties and different specifications, and the same or similar improvement effects are obtained, and the treatment quantity of other arbor varieties is different or the cultivation modes are adjusted in a targeted manner, so that detailed description is omitted.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises an element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (2)
1. The poor soil ball improvement method for arbor cultivation in south China hillside fields is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: digging, root cutting and digging, namely digging broad-leaved trees planted in hillside lands, and determining the size of soil balls according to the breast diameter or the ground diameter, survival difficulty and the like of the trees, wherein the soil ball diameter of a single-pole tree is preferably 6-10 times of the breast diameter, the soil ball diameter of a cluster tree is preferably 4-8 times of the ground diameter, the soil ball height is 2/3-4/5 of the soil ball diameter, digging soil layer by layer from shallow and deep and cutting all root systems during digging, and ensuring that the wall surface and the root system cross section of the soil ball are smooth and the soil ball is not broken;
S2: preparing seedling transplanting, namely applying wound healing agent to broken roots with the diameter of more than 1cm, and bundling soil balls by using a net bag and a cloth rope which are easy to disassemble; on the premise of ensuring graceful tree shape, pruning 20-40% of pest branches, old and weak branches, removing 25-50% of leaves of the rest healthy branches, and completely removing larger or obvious inflorescences;
S3: preparing a temporary planting nursery, namely building the temporary planting nursery by nearby selecting land blocks with flat land patterns and convenient irrigation and drainage, and paving a proper water supply system, a timer and corresponding irrigation pipelines according to the number and plant row spacing of arbor temporary planting cultivation;
S4: preparing temporary planting holes, namely preparing temporary planting holes according to the size of arbor soil balls, enclosing the soil balls with the diameter of less than 0.8m by adopting a PVC root controller to form temporary planting holes, wherein the inner diameter of each hole is 20-30 cm larger than that of each soil ball and 15-25 cm higher than that of each soil ball; the soil ball with the diameter of more than 0.8m is surrounded by sintered bricks or cement bricks to form temporary planting holes, and the inner diameter of each hole is 30-60 cm larger than that of the soil ball and 25-35 cm higher than that of the soil ball;
S5: the arbor temporary planting and matrix filling, the bottom of the temporary planting hole adopts coarse river sand with the grain diameter of 1-5 mm to be paved with 5-10 cm thick so as to drain water; on the river sand layer, paving a nutrient substrate with good water retention and 5-10 cm grain size, wherein the nutrient substrate is prepared from woodland humus soil, peat soil, red jade soil with 3-6 mm grain size and bio-organic fertilizer according to the volume ratio of 4:3:2:1, uniformly mixing; carefully lifting the excavated arbor to a temporary planting garden, disassembling the net bag, respectively lifting and planting the arbor in temporary planting holes according to the size of soil balls, filling and compacting the periphery of the holes with a loose matrix with strong water absorbability, wherein the loose matrix is prepared from fine river sand with the grain size of 0.3-1.0 mm, fine red jade with the grain size of 1-3 mm, red jade with the grain size of 3-6 mm and bio-organic fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the components according to the volume ratio of 3:3:3:1; uniformly mixing peat soil and a biological organic fertilizer according to a volume ratio of 3:1 at the upper part of the temporary planting hole, and covering the surface of a soil ball by 3-5 cm; after the temporary planting is finished, reasonably supporting the arbor according to actual needs and watering thoroughly;
S6: drilling and filling the soil ball, and drilling the soil ball by using a threaded steel drill rod with the length of about 1m and the diameter of 25-32 mm before earthing the surface of the soil ball, wherein the depth of the holes reaches 2/3 of the height of the soil ball and the holes are uniformly distributed around the soil ball; the drilling is carefully performed, so that the main root is avoided as much as possible, and the soil balls are prevented from being crushed; 4-6 arbor holes with soil ball diameter below 0.8m and 6-8 arbor holes with soil ball diameter above 0.8 m; the holes are vertically filled with straw until the holes are tightly filled;
S7: rooting induction of soil balls, namely, irrigating 1 secondary root solution to the soil balls every 10-15 days for 2-3 times continuously in 1 month for inducing the soil balls to germinate a large amount of adventitious roots; when irrigation is carried out, slowly irrigating from the drilling hole on the surface of the soil ball and the edges around the soil ball until the soil ball is soaked; each 1L of rooting solution contains: 0.02g of ABT-6 rooting powder, 0.02-0.04 g of potassium indolebutyric acid, 1.0-2.0 g of monopotassium phosphate, 1.0g of hymexazol and the balance of water;
S8: the root system is vertically induced, in order to promote the root system of the soil ball to grow downwards in the vertical direction, the soil ball is directionally irrigated in a drip irrigation mode, the arrow is inserted into a drilling hole on the surface of the soil ball, 1 branch is inserted into each hole, the soil ball is supplemented with water by adopting the single arrow flow of 1.0-1.5L/h, and the water seeps downwards along the dried straw to induce the root system to grow towards the middle lower part of the soil ball with higher humidity; the drip irrigation is started for 1 time per hour, and each drip irrigation time is 15 minutes;
S9: the root system is horizontally induced, in order to promote the soil ball root system to grow outwards in the horizontal direction, the soil ball is continuously supplemented with water by adopting the drip irrigation mode, meanwhile, the water is manually sprayed for 1-2 times along the edge of the soil ball, and the water potential difference formed by the water absorption of the loose matrix at the periphery of the soil ball is utilized to induce the adventitious root system to continuously grow into the peripheral matrix with higher water potential;
S10: raw soil improvement, namely, improving barren soil of soil balls, namely, pouring active nutrient solution on the surfaces of the soil balls and on drill holes until the soil balls are basically soaked, pouring for 1 time per month, and continuously pouring for 3-4 times; each 1L of active nutrient solution comprises: 0.3 to 0.6g of bacillus subtilis agent, 0.3 to 0.6g of mineral source potassium fulvate, 3 to 6g of water-soluble compound fertilizer and the balance of water;
The water and fertilizer management of the arbor refers to drip irrigation and nutrient solution irrigation in S7-S9 when the highest air temperature in winter and spring days is not more than 25 ℃; the flow of the single arrow is adjusted to be 1.5-2.0L/h when the highest air temperature in spring and autumn is higher than 5 days continuously and is at 25-33 ℃, until curing is finished;
in the water and fertilizer management of the arbor, when the highest daily air temperature exceeds 33 ℃ for more than 5 days from the last spring to the beginning of autumn, the flow of a single arrow drop is regulated to 2.0-3.0L/h, and in order to improve the adaptability of the temporarily planted arbor to high-temperature weather, a high-pressure water gun is adopted to spray drought-resistant agents to the crown for 1 time every 7-10 days, and the drought-resistant agents are continuously sprayed for 4-6 times until maintenance is finished, wherein each 1L of drought-resistant agent solution comprises: 0.001g of 0.2% brassinolide, 0.1-0.2 g of boric acid, 2-4 g of potassium nitrate and the balance of water;
after the arbor is planted, in order to improve the adaptability and drought resistance of the newly grown root system, after the arbor is maintained for 3 months, water control seedling hardening is continued for 1 month; the first 1 to 2 weeks, the drip irrigation interval is changed to 1 time every 2 hours according to the current drip irrigation frequency; on the basis of drip irrigation in the first 2 weeks, the flow of a single drip arrow is reduced by 25-50% from week 3; and continuously starting the drip irrigation for 1 time every 3 hours on the basis of the drip irrigation for the first 1 week until the 4 th week, and gradually reducing the moisture of soil balls so as to lift seedlings.
2. The method for improving the inferior soil balls for arbor cultivation in the south China hillside fields according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: when the arbor leaves the nursery, the arbor leaves on cloudy days or sunny days with the highest day temperature not exceeding 33 ℃, firstly removing temporary planting holes surrounded by root controllers or bricks, carefully removing loose filling matrixes at the periphery of soil balls, exposing dense adventitious root systems, and bundling the soil balls by adopting a sunshade net bag and a rope which are easy to disassemble; according to the transplanting season and arbor type, 25-50% of the leaves are removed, then the leaves are loaded and transported to a destination in time, and the leaves are transported and planted on the same day as much as possible and watered thoroughly.
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| CN113711830A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-30 | 华艺生态园林股份有限公司 | Large-size ginkgo seedling transplanting and summer maintenance method |
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