CN114868595B - A method for cultivating double-season black raspberries in rocky desertification mountainous areas - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of raspberries, in particular to a method for cultivating double-season black raspberries in stony desertification mountainous regions, which comprises the following steps: selecting cultivar, selecting seedling, selecting mountain land, planting time, treating before planting, selecting planting holes, planting, coating film, fertilizing and daily managing. The method is suitable for planting environments with steep hillsides, shallow and thin soil layers, discontinuity, irregularity and water and soil loss of the stony desertification mountains, and the selected double-season blackberry varieties are strong in adaptability, good in perennial root property, strong in tree vigor growth force and germination and branch forming force, thick and strong in stems, free of thorns, good in tree erection, free of frame building, convenient to cultivate and manage in the stony desertification mountains, and capable of better adapting to the growth of stony desertification areas.

Description

A method for cultivating double-season black raspberries in rocky desertification mountainous areas

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of raspberries, in particular to a method for cultivating double-season black raspberries in rocky desertification mountainous areas.

Background technique

Raspberry (Rubus L.) has another name called raspberry and sowing seedlings. It is a perennial aggregated small berry tree of the genus Rubus in the family Rosaceae. Raspberry is a typical representative of the third-generation fruit, which has good homology of medicine and food. Raspberry fruit is rich in a large amount of SOD, ellagic acid, anthocyanins, flavonoids, salicylic acid and other ingredients, which have the effects of astringent, lean, kidney, yang and eyesight, sobering up and quenching thirst, reducing phlegm and detoxification. In the 1980s, my country began to cultivate raspberries. The raspberry cultivation industry was mainly concentrated in the Northeast Plain, with an intensive planting model; the raspberry cultivation industry in the southern region of my country started relatively late, and the planting areas mostly chose deep soil and flat terrain. The dam land is concentrated and planted in a row. At present, there are not many raspberry cultivars in my country. At present, the main domestic cultivars are red raspberry, black raspberry and yellow raspberry, most of which are single-season raspberries that bloom and bear fruit in summer.

In my country's contiguous karst areas centered on Guizhou, the area of rocky desertification land is about 10.07 million hectares, and the degree of rocky desertification is mild (bare rock rate ≤ 50% to 30%), moderate (bare rock rate ≤ 70%) ~50%), accounting for 73.2% of the total rocky desertification area. The soil erosion in rocky desertification areas is serious, the bedrock is exposed, and the surface soil layer is shallow, discontinuous and irregular, which makes the land in rocky desertification areas lose a certain agricultural use value, resulting in slow agricultural economic development in rocky desertification areas, and the agricultural industry Single structure. Double-season black raspberry has wide adaptability, good economic benefits, and quick results. It is an excellent tree species that takes into account both ecological economy and soil and water conservation. Double season black raspberry is an upright shrub with shallow root system and perennial root type. The root system is particularly developed and interweaves into a network in the 20-30cm soil layer, which has a good effect on soil and water conservation in rocky desertification mountains. Double-season black raspberries can bear fruit in the year or the second year of planting, and enter the high-yield period in the third to fourth year. Planting once can produce perennial roots for 10 to 15 years. Double-season black raspberries can bear fruit in both summer and autumn, and the fruiting period lasts from April to November. The berries are black and purple, and the fruit is a large oval fruit. The weight of a single fruit is 6-8g. Unique, not only can be eaten fresh, but also can be processed into fruit juice, jam, fruit wine, enzyme and other products. However, there is no report on the cultivation of raspberries in large slope planting areas in rocky desertification mountains. For this reason, we propose a method for cultivating double-season black raspberries in rocky desertification mountains.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for cultivating double-season black raspberries in rocky desertification mountainous areas, to adapt to planting raspberries in rocky desertification areas with large slopes, improve the adaptability of raspberries, and strengthen the raspberries. The output stability of raspberries in harsh environments, the specific technical solutions are as follows:

A method for cultivating double-season black raspberries in rocky desertification mountainous areas, comprising the steps of:

Step 1, cultivar selection: double fruit type black raspberry, with good upright branches, strong stems and no thorns.

Step 2, selection of seedlings: tissue culture seedlings or root tiller seedlings, domesticated and cultivated for more than 6 months, plant height ≥ 30cm, ground diameter ≥ 3.0mm.

Step 3, mountain selection: choose a rocky desertification mountain with sufficient sunlight and good ventilation, with an altitude of 500-1500m, neutral or slightly alkaline soil, pH 6.5-7.5, an average annual rainfall of 800-1500mm, and a rock exposure rate of 30-70 %, average slope ≥30°.

Step 4, planting time: late September to late October in autumn is most suitable for planting raspberries in rocky desertification mountainous areas.

Step 5, pre-planting treatment: trim dead branches of raspberry seedlings, unhealthy and tender shoots, and cut off excessively long twigs and root systems. Soak the pruned raspberry seedling root system in water for 4 hours, take it out, and wrap the root with the mud mixed with nutrient solution and cultivation soil.

Step 6, selection of planting holes: select a plot with a soil layer thickness ≥ 30cm, dig planting holes with a depth of 30cm and a width of 30cm, and the distance between plants for each planting hole is 120cm. The selected planting hole needs to keep a certain distance from the exposed rock protruding from the ground, and the planting hole spacing on adjacent steep slopes or rock cliffs can be less than 120cm.

Step 7, planting: apply the base fertilizer in the planting hole, return the soil and mix well with the base fertilizer. The treated raspberry seedlings are planted in the planting hole, covered with soil to a distance of 8-10 cm from the planting hole, the raspberry seedlings are fixed by compacting the covering soil, and the rooting water is poured thoroughly.

Step 8, covering film: Cover the film around the transplanted raspberry seedlings.

Step 9, Fertilization: From November to December in winter, apply decomposed farmyard manure or organic fertilizer. In the growing season, March and June, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements are applied.

Step 10, daily management: Prune raspberry fruiting branches in time every year, do a good job of irrigation in dry season, and pay attention to pest control.

Preferably, in step 3, the mountainous surface water in the rocky desertification area usually seeps quickly into the underground rock cracks to form groundwater, so it is not necessary to set up drainage ditches like flat dams, saving time and effort, and the selected terrain is not lower than the nearby water source or The maximum water level of groundwater is enough. In addition, the bedrock of the rocky desertification mountain is exposed, and the soil layer is discontinuous and irregular. For the planting hole of the exposed rock protruding more than 50cm from the ground, it needs to be ≥50cm away from the rock surface, and the height difference is ≥1m. Adjacent steep slopes or cliffs, Planting hole distance is less than 120cm.

Preferably, in step 4, the rainfall in the southwest karst mountainous area is mainly concentrated in spring and summer, and the plowing and planting in spring from March to April will easily lead to loose soil in rocky desertification mountainous areas and aggravate soil erosion, and the high temperature and high humidity in summer is not conducive to the growth of newly planted raspberries , Winter frost period and freezing affect the survival rate of raspberry. In autumn, from late September to late October, the climate is warm and humid, which is the best time for planting raspberries.

Preferably, in step 5, the roots of raspberry seedlings are soaked before planting to allow their roots to fully absorb water and improve the survival rate of raspberry transplanting. The root is dipped in the nutrient solution to promote the rooting and development of raspberry seedlings and ensure the rapid growth of raspberry.

Preferably, the nutrient solution is mainly a mixture of several medium and trace elements and plant growth active substances and water. The medium and trace elements include calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, boron, manganese, molybdenum, copper and other elements, and the plant growth activity Substances include auxins, cytokinins, vitamins, gibberellins, etc. The total amount of medium and trace elements and plant growth active substances ≥ 10% of the total amount of nutrient solution.

Preferably, in step 7, the base fertilizer is one or more of decomposed sheep manure, cow manure, and pig manure. It is not easy to use human manure or chicken manure, and the amount of decomposed farmyard manure is 1.5-2.0 kg per hole. Organic fertilizer can also be applied, and the dosage is 6.0-8.0kg per hole.

Preferably, in step 8, the width of the covering film is 30-40 cm, forming a circle 5-6 cm away from the main stem. Mulching helps to slow down the evaporation of water in the soil layer at the initial stage of transplanting. In rainy days, rainwater can also be collected in the hole along the outer edge of the planting hole to water the saplings, which greatly improves the survival rate of raspberries after transplanting.

Preferably, in step 9, the ratio of fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements is applied N:P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O=12:8:40, and the total nutrient content N+P ₂ O ₅ +K ₂ O≥60.0 %, and add 0.1-0.3% trace elements of total nutrients. Double-season black raspberry bears fruit in summer and autumn. Fertilizers need to be applied in March before summer fruit and June before autumn fruit to promote flowering and fruiting of the tree; and double-season black raspberry is a high-potassium, low-sodium fruit , Applying more potassium fertilizers during the flowering and fruiting period can improve fruit quality.

Compared with the prior art, the technical effects created by the present invention are reflected in:

Rocky desertification areas have high mountains and steep slopes, shallow, discontinuous, and irregular soil layers, and there are soil erosion phenomena, and it is difficult and expensive to erect raspberry fruiting branches. The selected double-season black raspberry variety has strong adaptability, good perennial root ability, strong tree growth and budding ability, strong stem and no thorns, good upright tree shape, no need for scaffolding, and is easy to grow in rocky desertification. Mountain cultivation and management can better adapt to the growth of rocky desertification areas.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further defined below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the scope of protection is not limited to the descriptions made.

Example 1

A method for cultivating double-season black raspberries in rocky desertification mountainous areas, comprising the steps of:

Step 1, cultivar selection: double fruit type black raspberry, with good upright branches, strong stems and no thorns.

Step 2, selection of seedlings: tissue culture seedlings or root tiller seedlings, domesticated and cultivated for more than 6 months, plant height ≥ 30cm, ground diameter ≥ 3.0mm.

Step 3, mountain selection: choose a sunny and well-ventilated rocky desert mountain, with an altitude of 500-600m, neutral soil, pH6.5, an average annual rainfall of 800mm, a rock exposure rate of 30-50%, and an average slope of 30° ; Surface water in rocky desertification areas usually quickly infiltrates into underground rock cracks to form groundwater. Therefore, it is not necessary to open drainage ditches like flat dams, saving time and effort. The selected terrain is not lower than the nearby water source or the highest groundwater level. In addition, the bedrock of the rocky desertification mountain is exposed, and the soil layer is discontinuous and irregular. For the planting hole of the exposed rock protruding more than 50cm from the ground, it needs to be ≥50cm away from the rock surface, and the height difference is ≥1m. Adjacent steep slopes or cliffs, Planting hole distance is less than 120cm.

Step 4, planting time: late October in autumn is most suitable for planting raspberries in rocky desertification mountainous areas. Rainfall in the karst mountainous areas of southwest China is mainly concentrated in spring and summer. Planting in spring and March will easily lead to loose soil in rocky desertification mountainous areas and aggravate soil erosion. The high temperature and high humidity in summer is not conducive to the growth of new raspberries, and the frost period and freezing in winter will affect the survival of raspberries. Rate. The climate is warm and humid in late October in autumn, which is the best time for planting raspberries.

Step 5, pre-planting treatment: trim dead branches of raspberry seedlings, unhealthy and tender shoots, and cut off excessively long twigs and root systems. Soak the pruned raspberry seedling root system in water for 4 hours, take it out, and wrap the root with the mud mixed with nutrient solution and cultivation soil. Soak the roots of raspberry seedlings before planting to allow the roots to fully absorb water and improve the survival rate of raspberry transplanting. The root is dipped in the nutrient solution to promote the rooting and development of raspberry seedlings and ensure the rapid growth of raspberry.

Step 6, selection of planting holes: select a plot with a soil layer thickness ≥ 30cm, dig planting holes with a depth of 30cm and a width of 30cm, and the distance between plants for each planting hole is 120cm. For exposed rocks that protrude more than 50cm from the ground, the distance between the planting hole and the rock surface must be ≥50cm, and the adjacent steep slopes or cliffs with a height difference of ≥1m. The mountain surface water in the rocky desertification area usually seeps quickly into the underground rock cracks to form groundwater. It is not necessary to open drainage ditches like flat dams, which saves time and effort. The selected terrain is not lower than the nearby water source or the highest water level of groundwater.

Step 7, planting: apply the base fertilizer in the planting hole, return the soil and mix well with the base fertilizer. The treated raspberry seedlings are planted in the planting holes, covered with soil to 8 cm away from the hole mouth of the planting holes, compacted and covered with soil to fix the raspberry seedlings, and poured with root-fixing water. The base fertilizer is one or more of decomposed sheep manure, cow manure, and pig manure. It is difficult to select human manure or chicken manure, and the amount of decomposed farmyard manure is applied by 1.5 kg per hole. Organic fertilizer can also be applied, and the dosage is 6.0kg per hole.

Step 8, covering film: Cover the film around the transplanted raspberry seedlings. Described cover film width 30cm, surrounds along apart from main stem 5cm to form a circle. Mulching helps to slow down the evaporation of water in the soil layer at the initial stage of transplanting. In rainy days, rainwater can also be collected in the hole along the outer edge of the planting hole to water the saplings, which greatly improves the survival rate of raspberries after transplanting.

Step 9, fertilization: in December in winter, apply decomposed farmyard manure. In the growing season, March and June, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements are applied. The fertilizer ratio of applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements is N:P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O=12:8:40, the total nutrient content N+P ₂ O ₅ +K ₂ O≥60.0%, and the total nutrient is added 0.1% trace elements. Double-season black raspberry bears fruit in summer and autumn. Fertilizers need to be applied in March before summer fruit and June before autumn fruit to promote flowering and fruiting of the tree; and double-season black raspberry is a high-potassium, low-sodium fruit , Applying more potassium fertilizers during the flowering and fruiting period can improve fruit quality.

Step 10, daily management: pruning raspberry fruiting branches in time every year to promote the germination and growth of fruiting branches; replenish water in time during the dry season, and do a good job of irrigation; pay attention to green prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

The nutrient solution is mainly a mixture of several medium and trace elements and plant growth active substances and water. The medium and trace elements include calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, boron, manganese, molybdenum, copper and other elements, and the plant growth active substances include Plant auxins, cytokinins, vitamins, gibberellins, etc. The total amount of medium and trace elements and plant growth active substances ≥ 10% of the total amount of nutrient solution.

Example 2

A method for cultivating double-season black raspberries in rocky desertification mountainous areas, comprising the steps of:

Step 1, cultivar selection: double fruit type black raspberry, with good upright branches, strong stems and no thorns.

Step 2, selection of seedlings: tissue culture seedlings or root tiller seedlings, domesticated and cultivated for more than 6 months, plant height ≥ 30cm, ground diameter ≥ 3.0mm.

Step 3, mountain selection: choose a sunny and well-ventilated rocky desert mountain, with an altitude of 900-1000m, neutral soil, pH 6.8, an average annual rainfall of 1000mm, a rock exposure rate of 50-70%, and an average slope of 35°; Mountainous surface water in rocky desertification areas usually seeps quickly into underground rock cracks to form groundwater. Therefore, it is not necessary to open drainage ditches like flat dams, saving time and effort. The selected terrain is not lower than the nearby water source or the highest water level of groundwater. In addition, the bedrock of the rocky desertification mountain is exposed, and the soil layer is discontinuous and irregular. For the planting hole of the exposed rock protruding more than 50cm from the ground, it needs to be ≥50cm away from the rock surface, and the height difference is ≥1m. Adjacent steep slopes or cliffs, Planting hole distance is less than 120cm.

Step 4, planting time: the first ten days of October in autumn is the most suitable for planting raspberries in rocky desertification mountainous areas. The rainfall in the karst mountainous areas of Southwest China is mainly concentrated in spring and summer. Planting in spring 3 will easily lead to loose soil and aggravate soil erosion in rocky desertification mountainous areas. The high temperature and high humidity in summer is not conducive to the growth of new raspberries, and the frost period and freezing in winter will affect the survival rate of raspberries. . The climate is warm and humid in early October in autumn, which is the best time for planting raspberries.

Step 5, pre-planting treatment: trim dead branches of raspberry seedlings, unhealthy and tender shoots, and cut off excessively long twigs and root systems. Soak the pruned raspberry seedling root system in water for 4 hours, take it out, and wrap the root with the mud mixed with nutrient solution and cultivation soil. Soak the roots of raspberry seedlings before planting to allow the roots to fully absorb water and improve the survival rate of raspberry transplanting. The root is dipped in the nutrient solution to promote the rooting and development of raspberry seedlings and ensure the rapid growth of raspberry.

Step 6, selection of planting holes: select a plot with a soil layer thickness ≥ 30cm, dig planting holes with a depth of 30cm and a width of 30cm, and the distance between plants for each planting hole is 120cm. For exposed rocks that protrude more than 50cm from the ground, the distance between the planting hole and the rock surface must be ≥50cm, and the adjacent steep slopes or cliffs with a height difference of ≥1m. The mountain surface water in the rocky desertification area usually seeps quickly into the underground rock cracks to form groundwater. It is not necessary to open drainage ditches like flat dams, which saves time and effort. The selected terrain is not lower than the nearby water source or the highest water level of groundwater.

Step 7, planting: apply the base fertilizer in the planting hole, return the soil and mix well with the base fertilizer. The treated raspberry seedlings are planted in the planting holes, covered with soil to 8 cm away from the hole mouth of the planting holes, compacted and covered with soil to fix the raspberry seedlings, and poured with root-fixing water. The base fertilizer is decomposed sheep manure, and the dosage is applied by 1.5kg per hole. Organic fertilizer can also be applied, and the dosage is 6.0kg per hole.

Step 8, covering film: Cover the film around the transplanted raspberry seedlings. Described cover film width 30cm, surrounds along apart from main stem 5cm to form a circle. Mulching helps to slow down the evaporation of water in the soil layer at the initial stage of transplanting. In rainy days, rainwater can also be collected in the hole along the outer edge of the planting hole to water the saplings, which greatly improves the survival rate of raspberries after transplanting.

Step 9, fertilization: in November in winter, apply decomposed farmyard manure. In the growing season, March and June, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements are applied. The fertilizer ratio of applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements is N:P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O=12:8:40, the total nutrient content N+P ₂ O ₅ +K ₂ O≥60.0%, and the total nutrient is added 0.2% trace elements. Double-season black raspberry bears fruit in summer and autumn. Fertilizers need to be applied in March before summer fruit and June before autumn fruit to promote flowering and fruiting of the tree; and double-season black raspberry is a high-potassium, low-sodium fruit , Applying more potassium fertilizers during the flowering and fruiting period can improve fruit quality.

Step 10, daily management: pruning raspberry fruiting branches in time every year to promote the germination and growth of fruiting branches; replenish water in time during the dry season, and do a good job of irrigation; pay attention to green prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

The nutrient solution is mainly a mixture of several medium and trace elements and plant growth active substances and water. The medium and trace elements include calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, boron, manganese, molybdenum, copper and other elements, and the plant growth active substances include Plant auxins, cytokinins, vitamins, gibberellins, etc. The total amount of medium and trace elements and plant growth active substances ≥ 10% of the total amount of nutrient solution.

Example 3

A method for cultivating double-season black raspberries in rocky desertification mountainous areas, comprising the steps of:

Step 1, cultivar selection: double fruit type black raspberry, with good upright branches, strong stems and no thorns.

Step 2, selection of seedlings: tissue culture seedlings or root tiller seedlings, domesticated and cultivated for more than 6 months, plant height ≥ 30cm, ground diameter ≥ 3.0mm.

Step 3, mountain selection: choose a sunny and well-ventilated rocky desert mountain, with an altitude of 1300-1400m, neutral or slightly alkaline soil, pH 7.5, an average annual rainfall of 1300mm, a rock exposure rate of 50-70%, and an average slope Reach 40°; mountain surface water in rocky desertification areas usually quickly infiltrates into underground rock cracks to form groundwater, so there is no need to open drainage ditches like flat dams, saving time and effort, and the selected terrain is not lower than the nearby water source or the highest water level of groundwater That's it. In addition, the bedrock of the rocky desertification mountain is exposed, and the soil layer is discontinuous and irregular. For the planting hole of the exposed rock protruding more than 50cm from the ground, it needs to be ≥50cm away from the rock surface, and the height difference is ≥1m. Adjacent steep slopes or cliffs, Planting hole distance is less than 120cm.

Step 4, planting time: late September in autumn is most suitable for planting raspberries in rocky desertification mountainous areas. Rainfall in the karst mountainous areas of southwest China is mainly concentrated in spring and summer. Planting in spring and April will easily lead to loose soil in rocky desertification mountainous areas and aggravate soil erosion. The high temperature and high humidity in summer is not conducive to the growth of new raspberries, and the frost period and freezing in winter will affect the survival of raspberries. Rate. The climate is warm and humid in late September in autumn, which is the best time for planting raspberries.

Step 5, pre-planting treatment: trim dead branches of raspberry seedlings, unhealthy and tender shoots, and cut off excessively long twigs and root systems. Soak the pruned raspberry seedling root system in water for 4-6 hours, take it out, and wrap the root with the mud mixed with nutrient solution and cultivation soil. Soak the roots of raspberry seedlings before planting to allow the roots to fully absorb water and improve the survival rate of raspberry transplanting. The root is dipped in the nutrient solution to promote the rooting and development of raspberry seedlings and ensure the rapid growth of raspberry.

Step 6, selection of planting holes: select a plot with a soil layer thickness ≥ 30cm, dig planting holes with a depth of 30cm and a width of 30cm, and the distance between plants for each planting hole is 120cm. For exposed rocks that protrude more than 50cm from the ground, the distance between the planting hole and the rock surface must be ≥50cm, and the adjacent steep slopes or cliffs with a height difference of ≥1m. The mountain surface water in the rocky desertification area usually seeps quickly into the underground rock cracks to form groundwater. It is not necessary to open drainage ditches like flat dams, which saves time and effort. The selected terrain is not lower than the nearby water source or the highest water level of groundwater.

Step 7, planting: apply the base fertilizer in the planting hole, return the soil and mix well with the base fertilizer. The treated raspberry seedlings are planted in the planting holes, covered with soil to 8 cm away from the hole mouth of the planting holes, compacted and covered with soil to fix the raspberry seedlings, and poured with root-fixing water. The base fertilizer is decomposed pig manure, and the consumption is applied by 2.0 kg per hole. Organic fertilizer can also be applied, and the dosage is 8.0kg per hole.

Step 8, covering film: Cover the film around the transplanted raspberry seedlings. Described cover film width 40cm, surrounds along apart from main stem 5cm to circle. Mulching helps to slow down the evaporation of water in the soil layer at the initial stage of transplanting. In rainy days, rainwater can also be collected in the hole along the outer edge of the planting hole to water the saplings, which greatly improves the survival rate of raspberries after transplanting.

Step 9, fertilization: in December in winter, apply decomposed farmyard manure. In the growing season, March and June, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements are applied. The fertilizer ratio of applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements is N:P ₂ O ₅ :K ₂ O=12:8:40, the total nutrient content N+P ₂ O ₅ +K ₂ O≥60.0%, and the total nutrient is added 0.3% trace elements. Double-season black raspberry bears fruit in summer and autumn. Fertilizers need to be applied in March before summer fruit and June before autumn fruit to promote flowering and fruiting of the tree; and double-season black raspberry is a high-potassium, low-sodium fruit , Applying more potassium fertilizers during the flowering and fruiting period can improve fruit quality.

Step 10, daily management: pruning raspberry fruiting branches in time every year to promote the germination and growth of fruiting branches; replenish water in time during the dry season, and do a good job of irrigation; pay attention to green prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

The nutrient solution is mainly a mixture of several medium and trace elements and plant growth active substances and water. The medium and trace elements include calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, boron, manganese, molybdenum, copper and other elements, and the plant growth active substances include Plant auxins, cytokinins, vitamins, gibberellins, etc. The total amount of medium and trace elements and plant growth active substances ≥ 10% of the total amount of nutrient solution.

Test example 1

From September 23 to 27, 2019, the rocky desertification barren slope land facing the sun was selected in Wanfeng Forest District, Xingyi City, Guizhou Province. Rocky desertification mountain rock exposure rate is 65.8%, the average slope is 42°, the soil is lime soil developed from rocks, the pH value is between 6.8 and 7.5, the thickness of the soil layer is mostly 30 to 80 cm, and the annual rainfall is 1380 to 1530 mm. Mainly in summer.

Tissue culture seedlings of double-season black raspberry, double-season red raspberry and double-season yellow raspberry were selected and domesticated and cultivated for more than 6 months. Double-season black raspberry requires plant height ≥ 30cm, ground diameter ≥ 3.0mm; double-season red raspberry and double-season yellow raspberry require plant height ≥ 25cm, ground diameter ≥ 2.5mm.

Select a plot with a soil layer thickness ≥ 30cm, dig a planting hole 30cm deep and 30cm wide, the distance between the plants of the double-season black raspberry is 120cm, and the distance between the plants of the double-season red raspberry and the double-season yellow raspberry is 80cm. For exposed rocks that protrude more than 50cm from the ground, the distance between the planting hole and the rock surface must be ≥50cm; for adjacent steep slopes or cliffs with a height difference of ≥1m, the planting hole spacing can be smaller than the specified planting spacing, but it must be ensured that the raspberry branches do not block each other.

The rocky desertified mountainous land was divided vertically into 6 groups of plots from the slope to the foot of the slope, and double-cropped black raspberries, double-cropped red raspberries and double-cropped yellow raspberries were planted crosswise. Each raspberry variety was planted in 2 groups and recorded as treatment 1 and Process 2. Other operations are the same as in Example 3.

The above-mentioned treatment is planted in the following manner:

Treatment 1: Transplant the raspberry seedlings directly into the planting holes, and perform pruning, irrigation, and pest control according to conventional management methods.

Treatment 2: Soak the roots of the raspberry seedlings in water for 4 hours, take them out, wrap the roots with mud mixed with nutrient solution and cultivation soil, apply decomposed farmyard manure in the planting hole, return the soil and mix well with the decomposed farmyard manure, and put the raspberry After planting in the planting hole, cover with film to retain water; perform pruning, irrigation, pest control, etc. according to conventional management methods.

The raspberry plant survival rate of the above-mentioned treatment 1-2 is counted, and their yield per plant is calculated after the raspberry fruit is ripe. The results are shown in the table below:

From the data in Table 1, it can be seen that the survival rate of double-season black raspberry is significantly higher than that of double-season red raspberry and double-season yellow raspberry in the rocky desertification mountainous area, and the double-season black raspberry is more adaptable in the rocky desertification mountainous area. After comparison and observation of different raspberry varieties after transplanting, compared with Shuangji red raspberry and Shuangji yellow raspberry, Shuangji black raspberry has stronger cold resistance, drought resistance and waterlogging resistance. Strong strength, good upright tree shape. The average yield per plant of Shuangji red raspberry and Shuangji yellow raspberry is lower than that of Shuangji black raspberry, and the average yield per plant of Shuangji black raspberry can reach more than 5kg according to the method of the present invention.

In the operation process of the present invention, when the raspberry seedlings are planted, the mud that is mixed with the nutrient solution and the cultivation soil is used to wrap the roots that fully absorb water. The nutrient solution is a mixture of several medium and trace elements, plant growth active substances and water. Medium and trace elements include calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, boron, manganese, molybdenum, copper and other elements, plant growth active substances include auxin, cytokinin, vitamins, gibberellin, etc., medium and trace elements and plant growth The total amount of active substances ≥ 10% of the total amount of nutrient solution. In addition, the base fertilizer applied during planting is decomposed farmyard manure or organic fertilizer. The decomposed farmyard manure can be mixed with one or more of sheep manure, cow manure and pig manure in any proportion. The double-season black raspberry planted is double-season For fruit type, the amount of base fertilizer is larger than that of single-season fruit type raspberry. The decomposed farmyard manure is applied at 1.5-2.0kg per hole, and the organic fertilizer is applied at 6.0-8.0kg per hole. The application of nutrient solution and base fertilizer ensured the nutrient supply required for the growth and development of raspberry at the initial stage of transplanting, especially the medium and trace elements and plant growth active substances contained in the nutrient solution promoted the germination and rooting of raspberry. To a certain extent, it affects the survival rate of raspberry seedling transplantation.

Not only that, but the present invention creates in the operation process, when transplanting raspberry seedlings, cover soil to the place of 8-10cm away from the planting hole, compact the covering soil to fix the raspberry seedlings, and pour thoroughly the root-fixing water. Film covering, film width 30-40cm, encircling along 5-6cm away from the main stem. Mulching helps to realize the water retention and moisturizing effect of raspberry seedlings within a period of time after transplanting, and greatly improves the survival rate of raspberry transplanting in rocky desertification mountains. After statistics, the survival rate of transplanted raspberry seedlings can reach more than 91%.

The above-mentioned invention and creation of double-season black raspberry cultivation in the rocky desertification mountainous area plays a repairing role in the rocky desertification mountainous area to a certain extent. In addition, some dwarf crops can be interplanted in the raspberry open space, especially in winter when the leaves of the whole raspberry plant are deciduous. The open space in the forest is relatively large, and vegetables, beans and other crops can be interplanted. Comprehensive economic benefits of desertified mountainous areas.

Claims (8)

1. a method for cultivating double season black raspberry in rocky desertification mountainous area, is characterized in that, comprises: Step 1, cultivar selection: select black raspberry with double fruit type, the branches are upright, the stem is thick and thornless; Step 2, seedling selection: select tissue culture seedlings or root tiller seedlings, domesticate and cultivate them for more than 6 months, plant height ≥ 30cm, ground diameter ≥ 3.0mm; Step 3, mountain selection: choose a rocky desertification mountain with sufficient sunlight and good ventilation, with an altitude of 500-1500m, neutral or slightly alkaline soil, pH 6.5-7.5, an average annual rainfall of 800-1500mm, and a rock exposure rate of 30-70 %, average slope ≥ 30°; Step 4, planting time: late September to late October in autumn is most suitable for planting raspberries in rocky desertification mountainous areas; Step 5, pre-planting treatment: pruning dead branches of raspberry seedlings, not strong and tender, cutting off excessively long twigs and roots; soaking the pruned raspberry seedling roots in water for 4 to 6 hours, taking them out, and using nutrient The mud mixed with liquid and cultivation soil is wrapped around the root; Step 6, planting hole selection: select a plot with a soil thickness ≥ 30cm, dig a planting hole with a depth of 30cm and a width of 30cm, and the distance between plants for each planting hole is 120cm; the selected planting hole needs to be kept at a certain distance from the rock protruding from the ground. Adjacent up and down steep slopes or rocky cliffs, the planting hole spacing is less than 120cm; Step 7, planting: apply the base fertilizer in the planting hole, return the soil and mix well with the base fertilizer; plant the treated raspberry seedlings in the planting hole, cover the soil to a distance of 8-10 cm from the planting hole, and compact the covering soil to fix the raspberry For seedlings, water the fixed roots thoroughly; Step 8, film covering: cover the film around the transplanted raspberry seedlings; Step 9, Fertilization: From November to December in winter, apply decomposed farmyard manure or organic fertilizer; in March and June during the growth period, apply nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements; Step 10, daily management: Prune raspberry fruiting branches in time every year, do a good job of irrigation in dry season, and pay attention to pest control. 2. the method for cultivating double-crop black raspberry in rocky desertification mountainous land as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 3, rocky desertification area mountain terrain is not lower than nearby water source or groundwater highest water level line, planting place There is no need to open drainage ditches, saving time and effort; in addition, the selected planting hole should be ≥ 50 cm away from the exposed rock surface that protrudes 50 cm above the ground, and the distance between the adjacent steep slopes or rock cliffs with a height difference of ≥ 1 m is less than 120 cm. 3. The method for cultivating double-season black raspberries in rocky desertification mountainous areas as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, in said step 4, the date when the climate is warm and humid between late September and late October in autumn is selected as the planting time . 4. The method for cultivating double-season black raspberries in rocky desertification mountainous areas as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, in step 5, the roots of raspberry seedlings are soaked before planting, and the roots need to be dipped in the nutrient solution. 5. the method for cultivating double season black raspberries in rocky desertification mountainous areas as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described nutrient solution is mainly the mixture of middle and trace elements and plant growth active substances and water, middle and trace elements Including one or more of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, boron, manganese, molybdenum, copper, and plant growth active substances include one or more of auxins, cytokinins, vitamins, and gibberellins; The total amount of medium and trace elements and plant growth active substances ≥ 10% of the total amount of nutrient solution. 6. the method for cultivating double-season black raspberry in rocky desertification mountainous land as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 7, base manure is decomposed farmyard manure or organic fertilizer; Described decomposed farmyard manure is decomposed sheep manure , cow manure, and pig manure, and the dosage is 1.5-2.0 kg per hole; the amount of organic fertilizer is 6.0-8.0 kg per hole. 7. The method for cultivating double-cropped black raspberries in rocky desertification mountains as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in step 8, the covering film width is 30-40 cm, and the main stem is 5-6 cm away from the main stem to form a circle . 8. the method for cultivating double season black raspberries in rocky desertification mountainous areas as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 9, uses the fertilizer proportioning N:P ₂ O ₅ :K containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements ₂ O=12:8:40, total nutrient content N+P ₂ O ₅ +K ₂ O≥60.0%, and trace elements of 0.1-0.3% of total nutrient are added.