CN102518448B - Tunnel grating system for changing speed perception of driver - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a tunnel grating system for changing the speed perception of a driver and a method for controlling the same. The tunnel grating system comprises a plurality of LED (light-emitting diode) lamps and a controller; the LED lamps are arranged on walls on two sides of a tunnel and arrayed along the tunnel direction; the controller is used for controlling the turning-on and off of the LED lamps; the LED lamps are in strip shapes; and the space between adjacent LED lamps is 1-5m. The LED lamps arranged on the same wall on one side are controlled to flash alternatively at an interval of 60-240ms with one LED lamp being bright and one LED lamp being dark alternatively or continuous N LED lamps being bright and continuous N LED lamps being dark alternatively, wherein the N is a positive integer ranging from 2 to 4. The speed perception of the driver can be affected by changing the visual perception of the driver so that the speed of the vehicle can be controlled.

Description

Tunnel Lighting System for Altering Driver Speed Perception

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of traffic safety, and in particular relates to a system and method for controlling vehicle speed in a tunnel.

Background technique:

With the rapid development of the economy, the demand for high-grade highways is increasing. Due to the terrain conditions, especially in mountainous areas, tunnels must often be built in order to ensure the grade of the highway. According to statistics, in 2003 (excluding Hong Kong, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province), China had a total of 2175 highway tunnels, with a cumulative length of 1000 km. As the number of tunnels continues to grow and the level of motorization increases, accidents in tunnels are becoming more and more serious. The incidence of traffic accidents and accident fatalities in tunnels are much higher than those in ordinary roads. According to the statistics of traffic accidents in tunnel sections, more than 60% of traffic accidents are caused by drivers speeding. At present, the measures used to control overspeed in tunnels mainly include vibration speed bumps, overspeed snapshots, and speed limit signs, etc. However, the above methods of compulsory speed control have certain defects. Vibration deceleration starts from the driver's sense of touch. Vibration makes the driver feel uncomfortable when driving at high speed and forces the vehicle to reduce the speed. However, as the vehicle's vibration damping performance improves, the deceleration effect may decrease. In addition, the vibration will also cause certain damage to the vehicle; The speeding capture system is an ex post punishment deterrent method, and cannot be prevented in advance; the speed limit sign has a poor speed reduction effect due to the low compliance rate of drivers. There is an urgent need to introduce new theories and methods for mandatory speed control of vehicles. The method of mandatory speed control must be coordinated from people-vehicle-road-environment, and more importantly, from the subject of vehicle speed control--driving The driver takes measures based on the essential characteristics of the speed control.

Invention content:

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tunnel grating system for changing the driver's speed perception, which affects the driver's speed perception by changing the driver's visual perception information, and then controls the vehicle speed.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: a tunnel grating system for changing the driver's speed perception, which includes a plurality of LED lights arranged on the walls on both sides of the tunnel and arranged along the direction of the tunnel, and used for A controller for controlling the switch of the LED lights; the LED lights are bar-shaped, and the distance between adjacent LED lights is 1-5m.

In the above solution, the LED lights arranged on the same side of the wall flash alternately in the form of 1 bright and 1 dark or consecutive N bright and consecutive N dark, and the flashing time interval is 60-240ms; N is taken as 2 A positive integer of -4.

In the above solution, the distance between adjacent LED lights is 4m, N is 2, and the flashing interval of the LED lights is 60ms.

In the above solution, the LED lamps have a width of 8-15 mm and a length of 1500-2000 mm, and the LED lamps are all parallel to each other.

In the above solution, the distance between the bottom of the LED lamp and the road in the tunnel is 500-1000 mm.

In the control method of the above-mentioned tunnel grating system, the LED lights arranged on the same side wall are controlled to flash alternately by means of 1 bright and 1 dark or continuous N bright and continuous N dark, and the flashing time interval is 60-240ms; N takes a positive integer of 2-4.

In the above solution, the distance between adjacent LED lights is 4m, N is 2, and the flashing interval of the LED lights is 60ms.

The working principle of the present invention is: using the theory of motion-like movement (meaning that people regard objectively static objects as moving, or objectively discontinuous displacement as a phenomenon of continuous motion) to set and generate motion on the tunnel wall. The motion-like grating, and the direction of the motion-like motion is opposite to the direction of the vehicle, which changes the driver's speed perception and increases the driver's perceived speed, thereby achieving the purpose of speed limit.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The effect of controlling the vehicle speed is obvious. Taking measures from the main body of vehicle speed control---the driver's essential characteristics of vehicle speed control can make the driver overestimate the speed, thereby actively controlling the vehicle speed.

2. The operation is simple. According to the present invention, it is only necessary to set LED lights with a certain interval on the tunnel wall to install the movable grating in the tunnel.

3. Environmentally friendly and economical, the equipment used to set up the moving grating is LED lights, the economic cost of raw materials is low, and no substances that have an impact on the environment are produced.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of alternately flashing LED lights arranged in a manner of one bright and one dark.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of alternate flashing of the arrayed LED lamps in the manner of two consecutive brights and two consecutive darks.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of alternate flashing of the arrayed LED lights in a manner of 4 consecutive bright and 4 consecutive dark.

Fig. 5 shows the experimental results of motion-like motion perception with LED lamps 1 bright and 1 dark arranged.

Figure 6 shows the experimental results of motion-like motion perception with LED lights arranged in consecutive 2 bright and continuous 2 dark arrangements.

Figure 7 shows the experimental results of motion-like motion perception when LED lights are arranged in 4 consecutive bright and 4 dark consecutive rows.

Figure 8 shows the relationship between perceived speed, time distance, distance, and physical vehicle speed when the LED lights are continuously on for 2 consecutive times and continuously for 2 dark.

Figure 9 shows the relationship between perceived speed, time distance, distance and physical vehicle speed when the LED lights are continuously on for 4 consecutive times and continuously dimmed for 4 times.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is used to change the tunnel grating system of the driver's speed perception, which includes a plurality of LED lights 2 arranged on the walls 1 on both sides of the tunnel and arranged along the direction of the tunnel, and a switch for controlling the LED lights A controller; the LED lamps are bar-shaped, and the distance between the axes of adjacent LED lamps is 1-5m. The LED lamps have a width of 8-15 mm and a length of 1500-2000 mm. The LED lamps are all parallel to each other, and each LED lamp can be perpendicular to the road 3 in the tunnel or can be inclined. The distance between the bottom of the LED lamp and the road in the tunnel is 500-1000mm.

As shown in Figure 2, embodiment 1 of the tunnel grating system used to change the driver's speed perception of the present invention, the LED lights 2 arranged on the wall 1 on the same side flash alternately in a way of one bright and one dark, flashing The time interval is 60-240ms. The control method of the system is as follows: the controller controls the LED lamps arranged on the same side wall to flash alternately with one bright and one dark, and the flashing time interval is 60-240ms.

As shown in Figure 3, embodiment 2 of the tunnel grating system used to change the driver's speed perception of the present invention, the distance between the axes of adjacent LED lights is 4m, the width of the LED lights is 10mm, and all the LED lights arranged on the same side wall 1 The above-mentioned LED light 2 flashes alternately in the manner of 2 consecutive bright lights and 2 consecutive dark lights, and the flashing interval is 60 ms. The control method of the system is as follows: the controller controls the alternate flashing of the LED lamps arranged on the same side wall in the manner of 2 consecutive bright lights and 2 dark consecutive lights, and the flashing time interval is 60ms.

As shown in Figure 4, Embodiment 3 of the tunnel grating system used to change the driver's speed perception of the present invention is different from Embodiment 1 in that the LED lights 2 arranged on the wall 1 on the same side use four consecutive bright lights. 4 dark modes flash alternately.

The present invention utilizes the motion-like motion theory and starts from the driver's speed perception to set a motion-like grating on the tunnel wall to control the speed of the tunnel, set a grating to generate motion-like motion on the tunnel wall, and set the direction of the motion-like motion to match the driving speed of the vehicle. The opposite direction causes the driver's perceived speed to increase.

Using the theory of apparent motion to set gratings on the tunnel wall (a grating refers to an optical element that can modulate the amplitude or phase of incident light in a periodic space), by controlling the main factors that affect the effect of apparent motion, that is, the distance (SOA, stimulus onset asynchrony) and spacing (SIS, stimulus separation) to enable the driver to generate motion-like perception judged as "stable motion in the same direction", thereby determining a reasonable form of motion-like spatial layout.

In view of the different experimental environments of previous studies, a video of the change of the grating-like grating based on the driver's perspective and the direction of the vehicle's forward direction in the tunnel environment was produced through 3DMAX, and the ratio of the "stable motion in the same direction" was used to determine the moving-like grating. Reasonable form of movement.

By analyzing the results of the observation experiment of 6 men and 2 women, it is found that the spatial layout is two bright and two dark, four bright and four dark, the spacing is 2m, 4m, and the time interval is 60ms, 120ms, 180ms, and 240ms. The proportion of sports" is higher than 95%. Accordingly, using the above 16 combinations as a reasonable form, the videos of cars driving in the tunnel at 60km/h, 90km/h, and 120km/h under 16 situations were produced, and the subjective equivalent speed experiment was designed by the forced selection method. Program 282 groups. Through the analysis of the observation experiment results of 6 men and 2 women, it is found that the spatial layout of the grating is two bright and two dark, the time interval is 60ms, and the perception speed of the experimenters is the largest when the distance is 4m, and the eight experimenters perceive the speed at this time. The standard deviation is small, so this form is the best form of motion-like grating for vehicle speed control.

Experimental research proves that spatial layout, SIS, and SOA all have a significant impact on motion perception (p-value<0.01). From the results in Figure 5, Figure 6, and Figure 7, it can be seen that when the motion-like grating adopts one light and one dark, no matter what the distance and time distance are, the proportion of observers judging "stable motion in the same direction" is very low. All are lower than 50%, and at this time it is mostly judged as "flickering" or "unstable motion"; when the motion-like grating adopts two bright and two dark and four bright and four dark, the proportion of observers judged as "stable motion in the same direction" Significantly improved. At this time, the proportion judged as "stable motion in the same direction" changes with the change of SOA and SIS. When the SIS is 2m and 4m, and the SOA is 60ms, 120ms, 180ms, and 240ms, stable motion in the same direction can be obtained. Perception, at this time, the proportion of "stable motion in the same direction" is higher than 95%, which is different from Wertheimer's experimental results. When the space distance is 6m and 8m, the proportion judged as "stable movement in the same direction" gradually decreases. According to the results of this experiment, the stimuli with spatial layout of two bright and two dark, four bright and four dark, SIS of 2m and 4m, and SOA of 60ms, 120ms, 180ms, and 240ms were selected as the reasonable form of motion-like movement.

Spatial layout SIS and SOA had a significant impact on speed perception (p-value<0.01). From the results in Figures 8 and 9, it can be seen that in the case of two darks and two brights and four darks and four brights, the motion-like gratings on the tunnel wall will lead to overestimation of the speed of the vehicle, and show the same characteristics: the same situation of SIS Next, the overestimation effect gradually amplifies with the reduction of SOA. Under the same SOA, the smaller the SIS, the greater the overestimation effect. However, the variance analysis of the experimental results of the 8 experimenters in the two-dark, two-light and four-dark and four-light conditions shows that the standard deviation of the speed perception of the eight experimenters in the four-light and four-dark conditions is greater than that in the two-light and two-dark conditions, indicating that the four-light Observers' perception of speed differs greatly when it is bright and when it is dark. 60(2) in the figure indicates that the vehicle speed is 60km/h, and the distance is 2m, and the other principles are the same.

Table 1 lists the motion-like velocity under different SOA and SIS conditions. When the SIS is the same, the smaller the SOA, the greater the motion-like speed. From the results of Experiment 2, it can be seen that the smaller the SOA is, the greater the perceived speed is, which is essentially the effect of the apparent motion speed on the perceived speed.

the 2m 4m 60ms 120 240 120ms 60 120 180ms 40 80 240ms 30 60

Table 1 The speed of motion-like motion (km/h) under different distances and time distances.

Through experimental verification, we choose the following optimal combination for vehicle speed control: two bright and two dark, SIS is 4m, SOA is 60ms, that is, LED lights with 2 bright and 2 dark are set on the tunnel wall, and the distance between the lights and the lights The spacing is 4m, and the flashing interval of the LED light is 60ms.

Claims (4)

1. be used for to change the tunnel optical-mechanical system of driver's speed perception, it is characterized in that: it comprises a plurality of LED lamps that are arranged on the side walls in the tunnel in and arrange along the tunnel direction, and the controller that is used for controlling the LED lamp switch; Described LED lamp is bar shaped, and the spacing between the adjacent LED lamp is 1-5m;

Be positioned at the described LED lamp of arranging on the wall of the same side and adopt 1 bright 1 a dark or N continuous bright N continuous dark mode alternately to flash, flash the time apart from being 60-240ms; N gets the positive integer of 2-4.

2. tunnel as claimed in claim 1 optical-mechanical system, it is characterized in that: the spacing between the adjacent LED lamp is 4m, when N is flashing of 2, LED lamp apart from being 60ms.

3. tunnel as claimed in claim 1 or 2 optical-mechanical system, it is characterized in that: the width of described LED lamp is 8-15mm, and length is 1500-2000mm, and described each LED lamp is parallel mutually.

4. tunnel as claimed in claim 3 optical-mechanical system, it is characterized in that: the bottom of described LED lamp and the distance of tunnel inner road are 500-1000mm.

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