CN102255114A - Method and device for uniform charge and discharge of batteries - Google Patents
Method and device for uniform charge and discharge of batteries Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种电池均衡充放电方法和装置。所述方法包括：S1.采样各个串联电池组的单组电池电压，并基于所述单组电池电压计算所有串联电池组的平均电池组电压；S2.基于所述平均电池组电压和所述单组电池电压，计算所述各个串联电池组的单组电压差；S3.基于所述单组电压差和预设电压差，采用牛顿迭代算法为各个串联电池组中的各节电池更新单位均衡AH数；S4.基于所述单位均衡AH数控制对各个串联电池组的均衡充电时间。实施本发明的电池均衡充放电方法和装置，采用牛顿迭代算法控制对各个串联电池组的均衡充电时间，可以使得所有串联的电池组充放电状态均一致，从而提高电池的利用率并延长电池寿命。
The invention relates to a battery equalizing charging and discharging method and device. The method includes: S1. Sampling the voltage of each battery pack in series, and calculating the average battery voltage of all battery packs in series based on the voltage of the single battery pack; S2. Calculate the voltage difference of a single group of each battery group in series; S3. Based on the voltage difference of a single group and the preset voltage difference, use the Newton iterative algorithm to update the unit balance AH for each battery in each battery group in series S4. Control the equalization charging time of each series-connected battery pack based on the unit equalization AH number. Implementing the battery equalization charge and discharge method and device of the present invention, using the Newton iterative algorithm to control the equalization charging time of each series-connected battery pack, can make the charging and discharging states of all series-connected battery packs consistent, thereby improving the utilization rate of the battery and prolonging the battery life. .
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery control field, more particularly, relate to a kind of battery balanced charging/discharging thereof and device.
Background technology
The use that battery need be together in series of the application scenario of present most of battery.Therefore, wish all series connected battery can be full of simultaneously the electricity and the emptying electricity, under this operating mode useful life of battery the longest, utilization ratio is also the highest.But because the restriction of manufacturing process, the characteristic of every Battery pack can be inconsistent, if battery charging and discharging is not control effectively, then is difficult to reach all batteries and is full of simultaneously and emptying.Therefore, in the battery applications field, usually use the balance charge/discharge strategy to solve this problem.
The more advanced battery balanced strategy that discharges and recharges is an active balancing electric weight method at present, and concrete principle is that every Battery pack voltage of sampling determines the equalizing charger of opening corresponding battery that this Battery pack is carried out the electric weight compensation according to the voltage difference size.Fig. 1 shows the theory diagram of the battery balanced charge and discharge device of prior art.As shown in Figure 1, K is the charging of main path switch control main road, and each series battery batt1-battn has a corresponding equalizing charger (two-way DC/DC module).Wherein parallel with one another between each series battery, and comprise a plurality of series connected battery in each series battery respectively.(BATTERY MONITOR SYSTEM BMS) can detect cell voltage, charging and discharging currents etc. to battery management system.When the value that is higher or lower than average voltage when certain Battery pack voltage surpasses preset range, then start corresponding equalizing charger, the battery pack that voltage is high provides energy by the DC/DC module to other batteries, the battery that voltage is low absorbs electric weight by the DC/DC module, thereby reaches the balance charge/discharge of all batteries.
Fig. 2 shows the lithium cell charging characteristic curve.Fig. 3 shows the lithium battery discharge characteristic curve.As shown in Figures 2 and 3,3.6V is that lithium battery completely fills a little, and 2.2V is a lithium battery emptying point.If just carry out equilibrium according to voltage difference, general effect is not very good, because lithium battery has a platform voltage, about this platform voltage, all cell voltage basically identicals are if just come balanced according to voltage difference, near the longest platform voltage of time remaining, do not have balanced action, just carry out equilibrium and move, will certainly cause balanced electric weight not enough, the electric weight that can not full remuneration differs in the initial stage that discharges and recharges and later stage.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, battery balanced charge and discharge device at prior art can only carry out the equilibrium action at initial stage that discharges and recharges and later stage, will certainly cause balanced electric weight not enough, the electric weight that can not full remuneration differs provides a kind of battery balanced charging/discharging thereof and device that can make that all series connected battery group charging and discharging states can both be more consistent.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: construct a kind of battery balanced charging/discharging thereof, comprise.
S1. the single Battery pack voltage of each series battery of sampling, and calculate the average cell group voltage of all series batteries based on described single Battery pack voltage;
S2. based on described average cell group voltage and described single Battery pack voltage, calculate single group voltage difference of described each series battery;
S3. poor based on described single group voltage difference and predeterminated voltage, the employing Newton iterative is that each batteries in each series battery is upgraded the balanced AH number of unit;
S4. based on the equalizing charge time of the balanced AH numerical control system of described unit to each series battery.
In battery balanced charging/discharging thereof of the present invention, described step S3 further comprises:
S31. judge whether described single group voltage difference is poor greater than described predeterminated voltage, if execution in step S33, otherwise execution in step S32;
S32. judge whether described single group voltage difference is poor less than described predeterminated voltage, if execution in step S34, otherwise execution in step S4;
S33. judge whether continue first setting-up time,, otherwise continue to carry out described step S33 if select the first Newton iteration formula to upgrade balanced AH number of described unit and execution in step S4;
S34. judge whether continue second setting-up time,, otherwise continue to carry out described step S34 if select the second Newton iteration formula to upgrade balanced AH number of described unit and execution in step S4.
In battery balanced charging/discharging thereof of the present invention, the described first Newton iteration formula is: the balanced AH number of the unit of renewal=(the balanced AH number of current unit+Newton iteration value)/2.
In battery balanced charging/discharging thereof of the present invention, described Newton iteration value is 0Ah-1Ah.
In battery balanced charging/discharging thereof of the present invention, the described second Newton iteration formula is: the balanced AH number of the unit of the renewal=balanced AH number of current unit/2.
In battery balanced charging/discharging thereof of the present invention, described first setting-up time is greater than described second setting-up time.
In battery balanced charging/discharging thereof of the present invention, described step S4 further comprises:
S41. the balanced AH number average of unit of judging each batteries whether is greater than 0, if execution in step S42, otherwise execution in step S43;
S42. the balanced AH number of unit that travels through described each batteries deducts the balanced AH number of described least unit to search the balanced AH number of least unit with the balanced AH number average of the unit of described each batteries;
S43. based on the equalizing charge time of the balanced AH numerical control system of described unit to each series battery.
Another technical scheme that the present invention solves its technical problem employing is, construct a kind of battery balanced charge and discharge device, comprise a plurality of series batteries, main charging circuit, balance module of connection between described main charging circuit and each the described series battery, and the battery cell monitoring module that is used to detect battery charging and discharging stream is characterized in that, described battery balanced charge and discharge device further comprises: sampling module, single Battery pack voltage of each series battery that is used to sample;
First computing module is used for calculating based on described single Battery pack voltage the average cell group voltage of all series batteries;
Second computing module is used for based on described average cell group voltage and described single Battery pack voltage, calculates single group voltage difference of described each series battery;
The iteration update module, it is poor to be used for based on described single group voltage difference and predeterminated voltage, and the employing Newton iterative is that each batteries in each series battery is upgraded the balanced AH number of unit;
Control module was used for based on the balanced AH number of described unit and described battery charging and discharging current control master charging circuit through the equalizing charge time of described balance module to each series battery.
In battery balanced charge and discharge device of the present invention, described balance module is unidirectional DC/DC module or two-way DC/DC module.
In battery balanced charge and discharge device of the present invention, described iteration update module further comprises:
First identifying unit is used to judge that described single group voltage difference whether greater than described predeterminated voltage difference and continue first setting-up time, exports first result of determination;
Second identifying unit is used to judge that described single group voltage difference whether less than described predeterminated voltage difference and continue second setting-up time, exports second result of determination;
The iterative formula selected cell selects the first Newton iteration formula or the second Newton iteration formula to upgrade the balanced AH number of described unit based on described first result of determination and second result of determination.
Implement battery balanced charging/discharging thereof of the present invention and device, by adopting Newton iterative be that each batteries in each series battery is upgraded the equilibrium AH of unit number, thereby control is to the equalizing charge time of each series battery, can be so that all series connected battery group charging and discharging states be all consistent, thus the utilance and the extending battery life of battery improved.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 shows the theory diagram of the battery balanced charge and discharge device of prior art;
Fig. 2 shows the lithium cell charging characteristic curve;
Fig. 3 shows the lithium battery discharge characteristic curve;
Fig. 4 shows the flow chart according to the battery balanced charging/discharging thereof of the present invention of the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 shows the flow chart of battery balanced charging/discharging thereof of the present invention according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 shows the flow chart of the battery balanced charging/discharging thereof of the present invention of a third embodiment in accordance with the invention;
Fig. 7 shows the theory diagram according to the battery balanced charge and discharge device of the present invention of the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 shows the theory diagram of battery balanced charge and discharge device of the present invention according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
After Fig. 9 shows and adopts battery balanced charging/discharging thereof of the present invention that battery is full of electricity, the differential chart of ceiling voltage and average voltage;
Figure 10 shows and adopts battery balanced charging/discharging thereof of the present invention when battery arrives emptying point, the differential chart of minimum voltage and average voltage;
Figure 11 shows and discharges and recharges in the cycle at every turn, the AH number of the actual utilization of series battery.
Embodiment
For those skilled in the art being understood better and implementing technical scheme of the present invention, at first introduce a technical term of this area.The balanced AH number of unit is meant that main road whenever discharges and recharges 1Ah, the energy value that battery charged into.
Fig. 4 shows the flow chart according to the battery balanced charging/discharging thereof of the present invention of the first embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 4, in step S1, single Battery pack voltage V1 of each series battery of sampling, V2, V3 ... Vn.To single Battery pack voltage V1, V2, V3 ... the Vn summation can get total cell voltage Vsum.Can calculate the average cell group voltage Vave=Vsum/n of all series batteries subsequently.
In step S2, based on described average cell group voltage Vave and described single Battery pack voltage V1, V2, V3 ... Vn calculates the list of described each series battery and organizes voltage difference Ve1, Ve2, Ve3 ... Ven.
In step S3, organize voltage difference Ve1, Ve2, Ve3 based on described list ... Ven and predeterminated voltage difference Vref, the employing Newton iterative is that each batteries in each series battery is upgraded the balanced AH number of unit.Wherein the balanced AH number of the unit of this each batteries can be that the balanced AH of charging unit counts Ac, also can be that the balanced AH of discharge unit counts Ad.At this, the balanced AH number of unit is meant that main road whenever discharges and recharges 1Ah, the energy value that battery charged into.
In step S4, based on the balanced AH number of described unit, may command is to the equalizing charge time of each series battery.Those skilled in the art know, single Battery pack voltage V1, V2, V3 ... Vn, the balanced AH of charging unit counts Ac, and the balanced AH of discharge unit counts Ad and can detect by battery monitor system, also can be predefined.Described predeterminated voltage difference Vref can set based on actual conditions, and those skilled in the art can be according to the characteristic of each battery in the battery pack, and the formation of battery pack is set.
Implement battery balanced charging/discharging thereof of the present invention, by adopting Newton iterative be that each batteries in each series battery is upgraded the equilibrium AH of unit number, thereby control is to the equalizing charge time of each series battery, can be so that all series connected battery group charging and discharging states be all consistent, thus the utilance and the extending battery life of battery improved.
Fig. 5 shows the flow chart of battery balanced charging/discharging thereof of the present invention according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 5, in step S501, single Battery pack voltage V1 of each series battery of sampling, V2, V3 ... Vn.To single Battery pack voltage V1, V2, V3 ... the Vn summation can get total cell voltage Vsum.Can calculate the average cell group voltage Vave=Vsum/n of all series batteries subsequently.
In step S502, based on described average cell group voltage Vave and described single Battery pack voltage V1, V2, V3 ... Vn calculates the list of described each series battery and organizes voltage difference Ve1, Ve2, Ve3 ... Ven.
In step S503, judge described single group voltage difference Ve1 respectively, Ve2, Ve3 ... whether Ven is greater than described predeterminated voltage difference Vref.If execution in step S504, otherwise execution in step S507.
In step S504, judge whether continue first setting-up time, if also do not arrive described first setting-up time, then continue execution in step S504 and judge.If reach this first setting-up time, then execution in step S505 selects the first Newton iteration formula to upgrade the balanced AH number of described unit.
In the present embodiment, the balanced AH number of the unit of this each batteries can be that the balanced AH of charging unit counts Ac, also can be that the balanced AH of discharge unit counts Ad.
When being in battery charging process, the balanced AH of the charging unit of this renewal counts Ac '=(the balanced AH of current charging unit counts Ac+ Newton iteration value B)/2.
In the time of in being in battery discharge procedure, the balanced AH of the discharge unit of renewal counts the balanced AH of Ad '=current discharge unit and counts Ad/2.
After step S505, execution in step S506, the balanced AH number of described unit of each series battery that obtains based on aforementioned calculation, may command is to the equalizing charge time of each series battery.
For example, in step S506, at first can detect the electric weight whether main charging circuit has increased 1AH.If detect the electric weight that main charging circuit has increased 1AH, then open the pairing equalizer of battery pack, battery pack is charged, until being increased to the balanced AH number of charging unit for the batteries charging electric weight (in the charging process, the balanced AH number of charging unit is Ac AH), or the balanced AH of discharge unit counts Ad AH (in the discharge process, the balanced AH number of charging unit is Ad AH).
When in step S503, judge described single group voltage difference Ve1, Ve2, Ve3 ... Ven is not during greater than described predeterminated voltage difference Vref, and execution in step S507 judges described single group voltage difference Ve1 respectively, Ve2, Ve3 ... whether Ven is less than described predeterminated voltage difference Vref.If execution in step S508 then, otherwise execution in step 506, directly based on the equalizing charge time of the balanced AH numerical control system of current unit to battery pack.
In step S508, judge whether continue second setting-up time.If also do not arrive described second setting-up time, then continue execution in step S508 and judge.If reach this second setting-up time, then execution in step S509 selects the second Newton iteration formula to upgrade the balanced AH number of described unit.
In the present embodiment, the balanced AH number of the unit of this each batteries can be that the balanced AH of charging unit counts Ac, also can be that the balanced AH of discharge unit counts Ad.
When being in battery charging process, the balanced AH of the charging unit of this renewal counts Ac "=the balanced AH of current charging unit counts Ac/2.
In the time of in being in battery discharge procedure, the balanced AH of the discharge unit of renewal counts Ad "=(the balanced AH of current discharge unit counts Ad+ Newton iteration value B)/2.
Subsequently, execution in step S506, the balanced AH number of described unit of each series battery that obtains based on aforementioned calculation, may command is to the equalizing charge time of each series battery.In the present embodiment, described Newton iteration value is 0Ah-1Ah.Certain those skilled in the art also can select other value as the Newton iteration value according to actual needs.
By implementing embodiments of the invention, the employing Newton iterative is that each batteries in each series battery is upgraded the balanced AH number of unit, thereby control is to the equalizing charge time of each series battery, can be so that all series connected battery group charging and discharging states be all consistent, thus the utilance and the extending battery life of battery improved.
Because in the actual application, all series batteries balanced AH of unit that can occur charging counts Ac or the balanced AH of discharge unit and counts Ad greater than 0 situation, can cause all equalizers all open-minded like this.And generally this situation is thought irrational, so if detect to find that all balanced AH of charging unit count Ac or the balanced AH of discharge unit counted Ad greater than 0 o'clock, need find out the balanced AH number of minimum unit, and with it as static error values.Fig. 6 shows such an embodiment.Step S601-603 among Fig. 6 can be not repeated at this with reference to the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 or 5.Only step S604-607 is described in detail below.
Step S604: whether the balanced AH number of unit of judging each batteries is all greater than 0.At this, the balanced AH number of unit counts Ac for the balanced AH of charging unit or the balanced AH of discharge unit counts Ad.If, execution in step S605 then, the balanced AH number of the unit of described each batteries of traversal is to find out the balanced AH number of least unit.
Step S606: the balanced AH number average of the unit of described each batteries is deducted the balanced AH number of described least unit;
Step S607: based on the equalizing charge time of the balanced AH numerical control system of the described unit that obtains among the step S606 to each series battery.When in step S604, detect be not the balanced AH number average of unit of all batteries greater than 0 the time, direct execution in step S607 is based on the equalizing charge time of the balanced AH numerical control system of each batteries unit originally to each series battery.
Fig. 7 shows the theory diagram according to the battery balanced charge and discharge device of the present invention of the first embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 7, the battery balanced charge and discharge device 100 of the present invention comprises a plurality of series battery batt1, batt2 ... battn, main charging circuit 120 is connected to described main charging circuit 120 and described a plurality of series battery batt1, batt2 ... a plurality of balance modules 101 between the battn, 102 ... 10n, and the battery cell monitoring module (BMS) 130 that is used to detect battery charging and discharging stream.Wherein, described battery balanced charge and discharge device further comprises sampling module 410, first computing module 420, second computing module 430, iteration update module 440 and control module 450.
Wherein, described sampling module 410 each series battery batt1 that is used to sample, batt2 ..., single Battery pack voltage of battn.Described first computing module 420 is used for based on described single Battery pack voltage V1, V2, V3 ... Vn calculates all series battery batt1, batt2 ..., the average cell group voltage Vave of battn.For example to single Battery pack voltage V1, V2, V3 ... the Vn summation can get total cell voltage Vsum.Can calculate the average cell group voltage Vave=Vsum/n of all series batteries subsequently.Described second computing module 430 is used for based on described average cell group voltage Vave and described single Battery pack voltage V1, V2, V3 ... Vn calculates described each series battery batt1, batt2 ..., single group voltage difference Ve1 of battn, Ve2, Ve3 ... Ven.Described iteration update module 440 is used for based on described single group voltage difference Ve1, Ve2, Ve3 ... Ven and predeterminated voltage difference Vref, adopting Newton iterative is each series battery batt1, batt2..., each batteries among the battn is upgraded the balanced AH number of unit.Described control module 450 is used for based on the balanced AH number of described unit and described battery charging and discharging current control master charging circuit through described balance module to each series battery batt1 batt2..., the equalizing charge time of battn.
Those skilled in the art know, described a plurality of balance modules 101,102,10n can be unidirectional DC/DC module, also can be two-way DC/DC module, perhaps wherein the partial-equilibrium module be unidirectional DC/DC module, and another part balance module is two-way DC/DC module.
Fig. 8 goes out the theory diagram of battery balanced charge and discharge device of the present invention according to a second embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 8, described iteration update module 440 further comprises first identifying unit 441, second identifying unit 442 and iterative formula selected cell 443.Described first identifying unit 441 is used to judge that described single group voltage difference whether greater than described predeterminated voltage difference and continue first setting-up time, exports first result of determination.Second identifying unit 442 is used to judge that described single group voltage difference whether less than described predeterminated voltage difference and continue second setting-up time, exports second result of determination.Iterative formula selected cell 443 selects the first Newton iteration formula or the second Newton iteration formula to upgrade the balanced AH number of described unit based on described first result of determination and second result of determination.Wherein the structure of first identifying unit 441, second identifying unit 442 and iterative formula selected cell 443 and realization can realize with reference to the method shown in Fig. 5.
Described control module 450 comprises that further AH counts identifying unit 451, minimum AH number is searched unit 452 and control unit 453.Wherein said AH counts identifying unit 451 and is used to judge that the balanced AH number average of unit of each batteries whether is greater than 0.When described AH counts the balanced AH number average of unit that identifying unit 451 judges each batteries greater than 0 the time, the balanced AH number of unit that described minimum AH number is searched described each batteries of unit 452 traversal to be searching the balanced AH number of least unit, and the balanced AH number average of unit that will described each batteries deducts described least unit equilibrium AH number.Described control unit 453 is based on the equalizing charge time of the balanced AH numerical control system of described unit to each series battery.Wherein AH counts identifying unit 451, minimum AH number and searches the structure of unit 452 and control unit 453 and realize and can realize with reference to the method shown in Fig. 6.
In order to verify the effect of above-mentioned battery balanced charging/discharging thereof of the present invention and device, set up experiment porch, it is verified.
In this experiment, the balance module of the control battery charging and discharging time of employing is the 48V input, the DC/DC converter of 3.6V output, and maximum output current is 7.9A, wherein 48V is from battery.Lithium battery 13 joint parallel connections are one group, 15 groups of series connection, and the balanced AH number of the initial unit of every batteries is 4.5Ah.In addition, the lithium battery of choosing is combination at random, begin promptly to exist the balanced AH of charging unit to count Ac and count the phenomenon that Ad has nothing in common with each other with the balanced AH of discharge unit, and there is the very poor situation of a Battery pack characteristic in the battery pack, approach to damage, its reach that lithium battery completely fills a little and the speed of lithium battery emptying point all with other normal battery and very big difference.Battery for such combination, in the beginning charging and discharging, the voltage of each battery and the balanced AH of charging unit count Ac and the balanced AH of discharge unit to count Ad all are very inconsistent, choose poor like this verification environment mainly for strong specific of the applicability that proves this method.
In the present embodiment, select for parameter, predeterminated voltage difference Vref is 30mV, and Newton iteration value B is 0.36Ah, and the first setting-up time Toc is 600s, and the second setting-up time Tcc is 300s.
Use the device of the embodiment of the method for embodiment of Fig. 4 correspondence of the present invention and Fig. 8 correspondence to experimentize, obtained the experimental result of Fig. 9-11.This experimental result demonstration has adopted the effect of Newton iteration method equalizing charge remarkable.
Fig. 9 illustrates and is full of electricity back (any Battery pack reaches 3.6V), the differential chart of ceiling voltage and average voltage, and all batteries of the more little explanation of this difference are near more from the dreamboat that is full of a little simultaneously.As shown in Figure 9, after 9 Newton iterations of experience, the difference of ceiling voltage and average voltage is reduced to 0.09V from 0.27V.
Figure 10 illustrates and adopts battery balanced charging/discharging thereof of the present invention when battery arrives emptying point, the differential chart of minimum voltage and average voltage.In this example, any Battery pack reaches 2.7V, and choosing emptying point is 2.7V.Shown in Figure 10 is the differential chart of minimum voltage and average voltage, and all batteries of the more little explanation of this difference are near more from the dreamboat of while emptying.As shown in figure 10, after 9 Newton iterations of experience, the difference of minimum voltage and average voltage is reduced to 0.04V from 0.44V.
Figure 11 shows and discharges and recharges in the cycle at every turn, the AH number of the actual utilization of series battery, and the utilance of the big more explanation battery of this value is higher.As shown in figure 11, after 9 Newton iterations of experience, discharge and recharge in the cycle, the AH number of the actual utilization of series battery increases to 40AH from 0.67AH at every turn.
Therefore, implement battery balanced charging/discharging thereof of the present invention, by, the employing Newton iterative is that each batteries in each series battery is upgraded the balanced AH number of unit, thereby control is to the equalizing charge time of each series battery, can be so that all series connected battery group charging and discharging states be all consistent, thus the utilance and the extending battery life of battery improved.
Though the present invention describes by specific embodiment, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, without departing from the present invention, can also carry out various conversion and be equal to alternative the present invention.Therefore, the present invention is not limited to disclosed specific embodiment, and should comprise the whole execution modes that fall in the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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