CN107196371A - battery charging method, device, equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
battery charging method, device, equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN107196371A CN107196371A CN201710524231.6A CN201710524231A CN107196371A CN 107196371 A CN107196371 A CN 107196371A CN 201710524231 A CN201710524231 A CN 201710524231A CN 107196371 A CN107196371 A CN 107196371A
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- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 413
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical group [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- H02J7/0086—
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- H02J7/0091—
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a battery charging method, a battery charging device, equipment and a storage medium. The charging method comprises the following steps: setting the charging current value I of the nth charging stage of the battery charging processn(ii) a In the (n-1) th charging phase, according to In‑1The temperature and the state of charge of the battery at a specified moment during charging are carried out, and the internal resistance value of the battery is determined; determining a battery charging loss coefficient according to the battery temperature at the specified moment; based on the battery internal resistance value and the battery charging loss coefficient at the specified time, correcting the internal resistance value and the battery charging loss coefficientn‑1Corresponding charge cut-off voltage value Vn‑1(ii) a In the (n-1) th charging stage, the charging voltage of the battery is greater than or equal to Vn‑1When n-1 is less than the total number of the set charging stages, entering the nth charging stage; the charging voltage of the battery is more than or equal to Vn‑1And n-1 equals the total number of charging phases, stopping charging. According to the battery charging method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the charging efficiency can be improved, and the risk of overcharge or overdischarge is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cell art, more particularly to method for charging batteries, device, equipment and storage medium.
Background technology
In recent years, new-energy automobile is with its high energy conversion rate, the zero-emission of comfortable driving experience and greenhouse gases
The advantages of obtained significant progress in the world, and a major criterion for weighing new-energy automobile performance can exactly fill
The charging interval of battery, the shorter charging interval can greatly lift the usage experience of new-energy automobile, how be lifted new
The charging rate of energy automobile, while ensureing that the charging safety of rechargeable battery therein and performance turn into related in recent years
The research emphasis in field.
The charging technique for having delivered the new-energy automobile used at present is generally carried out using charging pile to new-energy automobile
Quick charge, and in existing most of correlation techniques for carrying out quick charge to battery using charging pile, generally filled using constant current
The charging modes of electricity.
For the rechargeable battery used in new-energy automobile, in latter stage of charging because rechargeable battery charging energy
The decline of power, its charging current that can bear can with battery charge state SOC (State of Charge) increase progressively
Reduce.Therefore, using the charging modes of constant-current charge, when being charged to rechargeable battery, battery charge efficiency is low, and often
There is the situation of " being not fully filled " and " filling too many ".
The content of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method for charging batteries, device and equipment, can improve charge efficiency, it is to avoid overcharge
Or cross the risk put.
One side according to embodiments of the present invention there is provided a kind of method for charging batteries, including：
Set the charging current value I of n-th of charging stage of battery charging processn, wherein, InLess than In-1, n is more than 1
Integer；
In (n-1)th charging stage, to battery with charging current value In-1Charged, according to collection with In-1Filled
The battery temperature and the battery charge state SOC at the specified moment at moment are specified when electric, the internal resistance value of battery is determined；
The battery temperature at moment is specified according to this, and using the relation of battery temperature and battery charge loss coefficient, it is determined that
Battery charge loss coefficient；
Internal resistance value and battery charge loss coefficient based on battery, are calculated in (n-1)th charging stage and In-1It is corresponding to fill
Electric cutoff voltage value Vn-1；
In (n-1)th charging stage, present battery charging voltage is reached equal to Vn-1And n-1 is less than the charging stage of setting
When total, into n-th of charging stage, battery charging voltage reaches Vn-1And n-1 be equal to the charging stage it is total when, stop
Charging.
Another aspect according to embodiments of the present invention there is provided a kind of battery charger, including：
Current setting unit setting, the charging current value I of n-th of charging stage for setting battery charging processn, wherein, In
Less than In-1, n is the integer more than 1；
Internal resistance determining unit, in (n-1)th charging stage, to battery with charging current value In-1Charged, according to
Collection with In-1The battery temperature and the battery charge state SOC at the specified moment at moment are specified when being charged, battery is determined
Internal resistance value；
Charge loss factor determination unit, the battery temperature for specifying the moment according to this, and utilize battery temperature and electricity
The relation of pond charge loss coefficient, determines battery charge loss coefficient；
Charge cutoff voltage determining unit, for the internal resistance value based on battery and battery charge loss coefficient, is calculated the
N-1 charging stage and In-1Corresponding charge cutoff voltage value Vn-1；
Charhing unit, is used for：
In (n-1)th charging stage, present battery charging voltage is more than or equal to Vn-1And n-1 is less than the charging stage of setting
When total, into n-th of charging stage, battery charging voltage reaches Vn-1And n-1 be equal to the charging stage it is total when, stop charging.
Another further aspect according to embodiments of the present invention there is provided a kind of battery charging equipment, including：
Memory, for storing executable program code；
Processor, the executable program code stored for reading in memory is to perform above-mentioned method for charging batteries.
Another aspect according to embodiments of the present invention is there is provided a kind of computer-readable recording medium, and this is computer-readable
Be stored with instruction in storage medium, when instruction is run on computers so that computer performs above-mentioned method for charging batteries.
Method for charging batteries, device, equipment and storage medium according to embodiments of the present invention, are that battery charging process is set
Put multiple charging stages, each charging stage, corresponding charging current value was with the decreasing order of charging stage in charging process；
At the specified moment of battery charging process, according to charging current value and the internal resistance of cell, battery SOC and the battery temperature at the specified moment
The relation spent between the relation and battery core charge loss coefficient of change and the battery temperature at the specified moment, utilizes predetermined public affairs
Formula determines charge cutoff voltage value corresponding with the charging current value of each charging stage.In each charging stage, with the charging
The charging current value in stage charges to battery, when battery charging voltage reaches the charge cutoff voltage value of the charging stage
When, into next charging stage, when cell voltage reaches the charge cutoff voltage value of last charging stage, stop filling
Electricity.The charge efficiency of battery can be effectively improved by above-mentioned method for charging batteries, it is possible to reduce the risk that battery core is overcharged, it is excellent
Change the service life and charging safety of battery core.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, will make below to required in the embodiment of the present invention
Accompanying drawing is briefly described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, also
Other accompanying drawings can be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart for showing method for charging batteries according to an embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 a are to show in method for charging batteries according to embodiments of the present invention that charging voltage is with lotus under different rate of charge
The charging curve schematic diagram of electricity condition change；
Fig. 2 b are to show in method for charging batteries according to embodiments of the present invention that battery temperature is with lotus under different rate of charge
The charging curve schematic diagram of electricity condition change；
Fig. 3 be show in method for charging batteries according to embodiments of the present invention the charging current of one of them charging stage and
The relation schematic diagram of battery charge state；
Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of the present invention charging current and relation of battery charge state in method for charging batteries
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 a are to show specific embodiment and comparative example in the method for charging batteries according to further embodiment of this invention
Charging curve contrast schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 b are to show specific embodiment and comparative example in the method for charging batteries according to further embodiment of this invention
Charging rate curve comparison schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 c are to show specific embodiment and comparative example in the method for charging batteries according to further embodiment of this invention
Cycle life curve contrast schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is the structural representation for showing battery charger according to an embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 7 is the example for the computing device for illustrating the ability to realize method for charging batteries according to embodiments of the present invention and device
The structure chart of property hardware structure.
Embodiment
The feature and exemplary embodiment of various aspects of the invention is described more fully below, in order that the mesh of the present invention
, technical scheme and advantage be more clearly understood, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further retouched in detail
State.It should be understood that specific embodiment described herein is only configured to explain the present invention, and it is not adapted to limit the present invention.
To those skilled in the art, the present invention can be real in the case of some details in not needing these details
Apply.The description to embodiment is used for the purpose of by showing that the example of the present invention is better understood to provide to the present invention below.
It should be noted that herein, such as first and second or the like relational terms are used merely to a reality
Body or operation make a distinction with another entity or operation, and not necessarily require or imply these entities or deposited between operating
In any this actual relation or order.Moreover, term " comprising ", "comprising" or its any other variant are intended to
Nonexcludability is included, so that process, method, article or equipment including a series of key elements not only will including those
Element, but also other key elements including being not expressly set out, or also include being this process, method, article or equipment
Intrinsic key element.In the absence of more restrictions, the key element limited by sentence " including ... ", it is not excluded that including
Also there is other identical element in process, method, article or the equipment of the key element.
In order to be better understood from the present invention, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, battery according to embodiments of the present invention is described in detail and fills
Method for electrically, device and equipment, it should be noted that these embodiments are not for limiting scope disclosed by the invention.
The flow chart of method for charging batteries according to embodiments of the present invention is introduced with reference to Fig. 1.Fig. 1 is shown according to this
The flow chart of the method for charging batteries of inventive embodiments.As shown in figure 1, method for charging batteries 100 in the present embodiment include with
Lower step：
Step S110, sets the charging current value I of n-th of charging stage of battery charging processn, wherein, InLess than In-1,
N is the integer more than 1.
Battery in the embodiment of the present invention can be that the battery for carrying energy particle can be deviate from and be received to positive pole and negative pole, herein
Do not limit.For scale, battery described in the embodiment of the present invention can for battery core monomer or battery modules or
Battery bag, is not limited herein.
As an example, the battery in the embodiment of the present invention can be lithium ion electricity accumulating unit, lead acid storage battery unit, nickel
Every electricity accumulating unit, ni-mh electricity accumulating unit, lithium sulphur electricity accumulating unit or sodium ion electricity accumulating unit.
In embodiments of the present invention, it is battery charging process there is provided multiple charging stages, each charging stage correspondence one
Individual charging current value, and the charging current value set is with the decreasing order of charging stage in charging process.
In certain embodiments, due to charging current value InLess than In-1, first charging stage pair of whole charging process
The charging current value answered is more than other charging stages corresponding charging current value in charging process.
As an example, in this step, the pairs of maximum charging current values that be able to can be born by battery is set
First charging stage corresponding charging current value of whole charging process.For example, setting I1Held less than or equal to reaching for battery
The pairs of maximum charging current values received.
Step S120, in (n-1)th charging stage, to battery with charging current value In-1Charged, according to In-1Enter
The battery temperature and the battery charge state SOC at the specified moment at moment are specified during row charging, the internal resistance value of battery is determined.
The internal resistance of battery is one of mostly important characterisitic parameter of battery, and it is also to characterize battery life and battery operation
The important parameter of state.In practical application scene, there is substantial connection in the internal resistance of cell with battery temperature and SOC.In order to improve
Charge efficiency and extension battery are, it is necessary to consider that battery SOC change is to electricity in battery temperature and battery charging process
The influence of pond internal resistance.
In certain embodiments, enough experiments can be carried out to power rechargeable battery internal resistance to measure, passes through experiment
Measurement data draws the functional relation f (SOC, I, T, DCR) that the internal resistance of battery changes with battery temperature and SOC, according to the letter
Number relational expression, the battery temperature T gathered using the specified moment, the charging current value and battery SOC of current charging stage are calculated
To the internal resistance value of the battery for specifying the moment.
In further embodiments, specific battery under different battery temperatures and SOC can also be obtained by testing
Internal resistance value, builds the mapping table of battery temperature parameter and SOC parameters and the internal resistance of cell.
As an example, table 1 is schematically illustrated in battery charging process according to embodiments of the present invention, with battery
The example of parameters of the internal resistance value of the temperature battery corresponding with battery SOC.It should be noted that the battery in the embodiment of the present invention
Internal resistance value and battery temperature and SOC corresponding relation be not limited to example in table 1.
Table 1
Above-mentioned table 1 shows the internal resistance value and battery temperature and SOC mapping table of battery.Temperature in table 1 is represented
Battery temperature, when being charged to battery, the battery temperature and battery that can be gathered according to the specified moment are in the current charging stage
SOC, by the corresponding relation shown in inquiry table 1, it is determined that the battery temperature and the corresponding internal resistances of cell of SOC of specifying the moment with this
Value.
In further embodiments, for the rechargeable battery of different indoor designs, its internal resistance of cell and battery temperature and
The relation of battery SOC can represent that the mathematical function can be quadratic function, power function, exponential function, logarithm with mathematical function
Function etc..
For a better understanding, being exemplarily illustrated the internal resistance of cell of rechargeable battery according to embodiments of the present invention below
With the functional relation of battery temperature and battery SOC.
As an example, the internal resistance value of battery and battery temperature and battery SOC can be described by following formula (1)
Corresponding relation：
DCR=(3.6207 × (SOC)2-1.466×SOC+1.2241)×(0.218+3.1213×e(-0.031×T)) (1)
In above-mentioned formula (1), the value of battery SOC is interval interior 0%~30%.
As an example, the internal resistance value of battery and battery temperature and battery SOC can be described by following formula (2)
Corresponding relation：
DCR=(4.1379 × (SOC)2-3.8260×SOC+1.8966)×(0.218+3.1213×e(-0.031×T)) (2)
In above-mentioned formula (2), the value of battery SOC is interval interior 30%~50%.
As an example, the internal resistance value of battery and battery temperature and battery SOC can be described by following formula (3)
Corresponding relation：
DCR=(0.208+2.9868 × e(-0.031×T))×(e(0.0851×SOC)-0.043)
(3)
In above-mentioned formula (3), the value of battery SOC is interval interior 50%~90%.
As an example, the internal resistance value of battery and battery temperature and battery SOC can be described by following formula (4)
Corresponding relation：
DCR=(5.517 × (SOC)2-8.5517×SOC+4.2640)×(0.208+3.1213×e(-0.031×T)) (4)
In above-mentioned formula (4), the value of battery SOC is interval interior 90%~100%.
As an example, the span of the battery temperature in above-described embodiment is in -45 DEG C~70 DEG C intervals.
Step S130, according to the relation of the battery temperature and battery temperature and battery charge loss coefficient of specifying the moment,
Determine the battery charge loss coefficient of battery.
In certain embodiments, battery charge loss coefficient (State of Safety, SOS) is referred to as battery event
Barrier diagnosis and safe condition estimation, for being estimated to the failure and safe condition during battery use.Of the invention real
Apply in example, the battery charge loss in charging process can be weighed by battery charge loss coefficient S OS.
In embodiments of the present invention, the change of battery temperature will influence the charging performance of battery in charging process, right
When battery pack is charged, charging process failure is produced in order to avoid there is battery excess temperature, battery is influenceed, needs
Consider the battery charge loss in charging process.
Specifically, the functional relation η that battery charge loss coefficient S OS changes with battery temperature can be obtained by testing
(T, SOS), according to the battery temperature T gathered in the functional relation and battery charging process, obtains battery charge loss coefficient.
In certain embodiments, can be by testing the battery charge loss coefficient value obtained under different battery temperatures, structure
Build the mapping table of battery temperature and battery charge loss coefficient.
Table 2 is exemplary to be shown in battery charging process according to embodiments of the present invention, the electricity influenceed by battery temperature
The example of parameters of pond charge loss coefficient.It should be noted that the charging ambient temperature in the embodiment of the present invention is with battery SOS's
Corresponding relation is not limited to the example in table 2.
Table 2
| Battery temperature | Battery charge loss coefficient S OS |
| -10 | 1.05 |
| 10 | 1.02 |
| 25 | 1 |
| 45 | 0.83 |
Above-mentioned table 2 is the mapping table of battery temperature according to embodiments of the present invention and charge loss coefficient.In table 2
In, the battery temperature that the moment gathers can be specified according in charging, inquiry table 2 obtains battery charge loss coefficient value.
In further embodiments, the rechargeable battery of different indoor designs has different temperature losses coefficients, and can
To describe the functional relation of battery temperature according to embodiments of the present invention and battery SOS by following formula (5)：
SOS=-0.00009 × T2-0.0006×T+1.0497 (5)
In above-mentioned formula (5), T is battery temperature, and as an example, the span of the battery temperature is at -45 DEG C
In~70 DEG C of intervals.
Step S140, internal resistance value and battery charge loss coefficient based on battery, calculate (n-1)th charging stage with
In-1Corresponding charge cutoff voltage value Vn-1。
In certain embodiments, step S140 can specifically include, and be calculated and (n-1)th charging using following formula (6)
The corresponding charge cutoff voltage value V of charging current in stagen-1：
Vn-1=Vmax-In-1×DCR×SOS (6)
Wherein, VmaxFor maximum charge blanking voltage, DCR is according to the battery temperature for specifying the moment and the specified moment
This specifies the battery charge loss coefficient that the battery temperature at moment is determined, I according to the internal resistance value for the battery that SOC is determined, SOSn-1
For the charging current of current (n-1)th charging stage, Vn-1To calculate obtain and In-1Corresponding charge cutoff voltage value.
In certain embodiments, the specified moment is referred to as specifying moment point, and the number for giving directions moment point can be one
Individual or two or more.
In further embodiments, battery temperature and battery SOC can in real time be monitored.
In certain embodiments, battery temperature and battery charge state can change in battery charging process, battery
Temperature and battery charge state can influence the internal resistance value of battery, and the change of battery temperature can influence battery charge loss coefficient, from
And influence charge cutoff voltage corresponding with the charging current value of the charging stage of each charging stage.
In order to accurately control charge cutoff voltage corresponding with charging current of current charging stage, in battery charging process
In, can be with the battery temperature and SOC at multi collect different specified moment, and the battery charging side in above-described embodiment
Method, corrects the internal resistance value and battery charge loss coefficient of battery, so that it is corresponding with charging current constantly to correct the current charging stage
Charge cutoff voltage.
Therefore, at one or more the specified moment in battery charging process, the battery at moment is specified based on this
Temperature and SOC, by the method for charging batteries in above-described embodiment, moment amendment and the charging of current charging stage are specified at this
The corresponding charge cutoff voltage of current value.
In above-mentioned formula (6), specified moment that can be in charging process, according to the battery temperature and SOC of collection, look into
Ask above-mentioned table 1 and obtain the internal resistance value for specifying moment battery corresponding with battery temperature and battery SOC；And the moment is specified according to this
The battery temperature of collection, inquires about the value that above-mentioned table 2 obtains battery charge loss coefficient corresponding with the battery temperature.
In certain embodiments, obtained charge cutoff voltage V is calculatednCut less than the maximum charge in the embodiment of the present invention
Only voltage Vmax, it is used as an example, maximum charge blanking voltage VmaxIt can be understood as the theoretical charge cutoff voltage value of battery.
As a specific example, the maximum charge and blanking voltage of battery cell can be 4.25V.
In certain embodiments, Vn-1Less than Vn.That is, the charge cutoff voltage V of (n-1)th charging stagen-1It is small
In the charge cutoff voltage V of n-th of charging stagen。
In some instances, as the charging current I of each charging stage set in above-mentioned method for charging batteriesnAnd charging
Blanking voltage VnWith VmaxDuring with functional relation described by above-mentioned formula (6), can preferably it avoid in each charging stage
The situation for causing to overcharge to battery.
Step S150, in (n-1)th charging stage, present battery charging voltage is more than or equal to Vn-1And n-1 is less than setting
Charging stage it is total when, into n-th of charging stage, battery charging voltage is more than or equal to Vn-1And n-1 is equal to the charging rank
During section sum, stop charging.
In certain embodiments, n-1 is less than charging stage sum, represents that (n-1)th charging stage is not that last fills
Electric stage, n-1 is equal to charging stage sum, represents that (n-1)th charging stage is last charging stage.
In certain embodiments, in last charging stage, battery charging voltage reaches last charging rank with this
After the corresponding charge cutoff voltage of charging current of section, it can continue to charge to battery, until battery charging voltage reaches
VmaxWhen, stop charging.
In certain embodiments, when entering n-th of charging stage in (n-1)th charging stage or stopping charging, I is controlledn-1
Reduce at a predetermined rate.
As an example, the value of the predetermined speed can be in 20A/s to 200A/s interval.
In certain embodiments, predetermined speed can be current fall rate.
As an example, the current value 43A of (n-1)th charging stage, the current value of n-th of charging stage is 22A,
When (n-1)th charging stage enters n-th of charging stage, electric current can be reduced to 22A with 20A per second speed from 43A.
Method for charging batteries according to embodiments of the present invention, one group of setting is with each charging stage corresponding to be sequentially reduced
Charging current value, it is contemplated that the shadow to battery charging process is lost in the change of the internal resistance of cell and battery charging room in charging process
Ring, one group of internal resistance of cell value related with SOC to battery temperature can be preset, and preset one group with battery temperature
The charge loss coefficient value of change；According in the charging current value and battery charging process of current charging stage based on specify the moment
Battery temperature and the internal resistance of cell values that determine of SOC and charge loss coefficient value, calculate and obtain charging with each charging stage
The corresponding charge cutoff voltage of current value.
In each charging stage, battery is charged using the charging current value in the stage, until battery charging voltage
When reaching the corresponding charge cutoff voltage of charging current value in the stage, if the current charging stage is not last charging rank
Section, then into n-th of charging stage, if the current charging stage is last charging stage, stop charging.In each rank
Battery is charged under the control of the corresponding charging current of section and corresponding charge cutoff voltage, it is possible to increase charge efficiency, it is to avoid
The situation of over-charging of battery.
Also, the method for the embodiment of the present invention takes into full account the change of battery temperature in charging process to battery charging process
Influence, by charging process middle finger timing carve battery temperature and SOC determine the internal resistance of cell, pass through this specify the moment battery temperature
Degree determines battery charge loss coefficient, and then precisely controls the charge cutoff voltage of each charging stage, can ensure
On the premise of the safety that charges, improve charging rate and be charged into more electricity for battery.
Method for charging batteries according to embodiments of the present invention is described with reference to Fig. 2 a and Fig. 2 b.
Fig. 2 a show in method for charging batteries according to embodiments of the present invention that charging voltage is with lotus under different rate of charge
The charging curve schematic diagram of electricity condition change.
Fig. 2 b show in method for charging batteries according to embodiments of the present invention that battery temperature is with lotus under different rate of charge
The charging curve schematic diagram of electricity condition change.
In Fig. 2 a and Fig. 2 b, rate of charge is used to represent the magnitude numerical value of charging current during battery charging, and the reality
The charging ambient temperature for applying rechargeable battery in example is about 25 DEG C.
As shown in Figure 2 a, abscissa represents state-of-charge SOC, and ordinate represents charging voltage.Rechargeable battery is in charging
When being charged at about 25 DEG C of environment temperature, the charging voltage of rechargeable battery starts to be incremented by with the growth of state-of-charge, and
And, when battery charging voltage reaches the charge cutoff voltage value of last charging stage, the charging voltage of battery stops increasing
It is long, until charging terminates.
With continued reference to Fig. 2, battery is filled with the rate of charge of 1C rate of charge, 2C rate of charge and 4C respectively
Under electricity, identical state-of-charge, the charging voltage highest of battery when rate of charge is 4C, and reach last charging stage
Charge cutoff voltage when SOC be about 82%；Charging voltage when rate of charge is 1C is minimum, and reaches that last charges
SOC is about 96% during the charge cutoff voltage in stage.It can therefore be concluded that under different rate of charge, battery reaches last
During the charge cutoff voltage of individual charging stage, battery has different state-of-charges.
As shown in Figure 2 b, abscissa represents state-of-charge SOC, and ordinate represents battery temperature.Respectively with 1C charging times
The rate of charge of rate, 2C rate of charge and 4C charges to battery, and battery temperature of the battery when rate of charge is 4C can
To be expressed as T4C, battery rate of charge be 2C when battery temperature can be expressed as T2C, battery rate of charge be 1C when
Battery temperature can be expressed as T1C。
In figure 2b, battery is charged with the rate of charge of 1C rate of charge, 2C rate of charge and 4C respectively,
Battery temperature when SOC reaches 60% under battery temperature highest when SOC reaches 60% under 4C rate of charge, 1C rate of charge
Degree is minimum.It can therefore be concluded that in the charging process of battery, under different rate of charge, battery reaches identical state-of-charge
When, with different battery temperatures.
Fig. 3 shows the charging current of one of them charging stage in method for charging batteries according to embodiments of the present invention
With the relation schematic diagram of battery charge state.In figure, abscissa is the state-of-charge SOC of battery, represents the current residue of battery
Volume percent, ordinate is charging current I.
As shown in figure 3, the charging current value of current charging stage is I1When, in charging process, if battery charging electricity
Pressure is less than charge cutoff voltage V1When, it is continuing with I1The charging current value of size is that battery is charged, SOCaRepresent the charging
During keep charging current I1It is constant, when the open-circuit voltage of battery reaches charge cutoff voltage value V1When, the appearance that battery is charged
Amount.
In I1Gradually decrease to I2During continue to charge to battery, the capacity SOC being filled withbRepresent, such as figure institute
Show, SOCbMore than SOCa。
Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of the present invention charging current and relation of battery charge state in method for charging batteries
Schematic diagram.In figure, abscissa is the SOC SOC of battery, represents the current dump energy of battery, and ordinate is charging electricity
Flow I.
As shown in figure 4, setting the charging current from the 1st charging stage to n-th of charging stage of battery charging process
Value is respectively I1, I2..., In。
In Fig. 4, SOC1Represent with charging current I1It is charged to charge cutoff voltage V1When, the state-of-charge of battery；SOC2
Represent charging current I1I is gradually decreased to predetermined current rate2When, the state-of-charge of battery；SOC3Represent with charging current
I2It is charged to charge cutoff voltage V2When, the state-of-charge of battery；SOC4Represent charging current I2With predetermined current rate gradually
It is reduced to I3When, the state-of-charge of battery；……；SOCnRepresent with charging current InIt is charged to charge cutoff voltage VnWhen, battery
State-of-charge；SOCmRepresent charging current InWhen gradually decreasing to 0 with predetermined current rate, the state-of-charge of battery.
From fig. 4, it can be seen that method for charging batteries according to embodiments of the present invention compare constant current charging method, charge efficiency and
Charge volume increases.
With reference to specific embodiment and comparative example, the method for charging batteries in the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail,
And above-mentioned method for charging batteries is for the improvement of existing method for charging batteries.
Specific embodiment：
Three charging stages are set, and set one group of charging current being sequentially reduced corresponding with the above three charging stage
It is worth { 43A, 22A, 12A }, and charge cutoff voltage corresponding with the charging current of each charging stage 4.1V, 4.2V,
4.3V }, battery is placed in -10 DEG C of charging ambient temperature, battery is charged.
During being charged with electric current 43A to battery, the battery temperature at moment is specified in collection, determines battery at this
Specify the SOC at moment.
Battery charge loss coefficient is determined according to battery temperature, and the SOC at moment is specified with this according to battery temperature, really
Determine the internal resistance value of battery, and utilize above-mentioned formula (6) to calculate to obtain specifying the moment to charge for 43A is corresponding with charging current at this
Blanking voltage 4.1V.
As the battery charging voltage V of collectiontContrasted with the charge cutoff voltage 4.1V of the charging stage, if VtIt is small
In 4.1V, continue to charge to battery with electric current 43A, until battery charging voltage VtMore than or equal to 4.1V, into second charging
Stage, i.e., charged the battery with 22A electric current.
Electric current is changed into 22A from 43A with 10A per second amplitude, during being charged with electric current 22A to battery, adopted
Collection specifies the battery temperature at moment, determines that battery specifies the SOC at moment at this.
Battery charge loss coefficient is determined according to battery temperature, and according to battery temperature and the SOC at the moment, it is determined that electric
The internal resistance value in pond, and calculated using above-mentioned formula (6) and to obtain specifying moment and charging current to be the corresponding charge cutoffs of 22A at this
Voltage 4.2V.
As the battery charging voltage V of collectiontContrasted with the charge cutoff voltage 4.2V of the charging stage, if VtIt is small
In 4.2V, continue to charge to battery with electric current 22A, until battery charging voltage VtMore than or equal to 4.2V, into the 3rd charging
Stage, i.e., charged the battery with 12A electric current.
Electric current is changed into 12A from 22A with 10A per second amplitude, during being charged with electric current 12A to battery, adopted
Collection specifies the battery temperature at moment, determines that battery specifies the SOC at moment at this.
Battery charge loss coefficient is determined according to battery temperature, and the SOC at moment is specified with this according to battery temperature, really
Determine the internal resistance value of battery, and utilize above-mentioned formula (6) to calculate to obtain specifying the moment to charge for 12A is corresponding with charging current at this
Blanking voltage 4.23V.
As the battery charging voltage V of collectiontContrasted with the charge cutoff voltage 4.23V of the charging stage, if VtIt is small
In 4.23V, continue to charge to battery with electric current 12A, until battery charging voltage VtMore than or equal to 4.23V, stop charging.
Comparative example：
Setting charge cutoff voltage is 4.25V, battery is placed in -10 DEG C of environment, to battery charging and discharging；And with constant electricity
Stream 43A charges to battery charging voltage and reaches 4.25V.
Battery charging side in above-mentioned specific embodiment and comparative example is described with reference to Fig. 5 a, Fig. 5 b and Fig. 5 c
Method.
Fig. 5 a are that specific embodiment and comparative example are filled in the method for charging batteries according to further embodiment of this invention
Electric curve comparison schematic diagram；Fig. 5 b are specific embodiment and contrast reality in the method for charging batteries according to further embodiment of this invention
Apply the charging rate curve comparison schematic diagram of example；Fig. 5 b are specific realities in the method for charging batteries according to further embodiment of this invention
Apply the contrast schematic diagram of the cycle life curve of example and comparative example.
In fig 5 a, abscissa is battery capacity, and ordinate is charging voltage.As shown in Figure 5 a, battery is in -10 DEG C
It is specific real when battery charging voltage reaches maximum charge blanking voltage during being charged to battery in charging environment
Apply the battery capacity that the battery capacity in example is more than in comparative example.That is, specific embodiment and comparative example phase
Than the method for charging batteries in specific embodiment is filled with more electricity for battery.
In figure 5b, abscissa is the charging interval, and ordinate is battery capacity.As shown in Figure 5 b, battery is in -10 DEG C
Charge environment in, when charging between arrive of about 45min when, comparative example stop battery being charged.Specific embodiment with
Comparative example is compared, and the method for charging batteries in specific embodiment is that battery is filled with more electricity, also, specific embodiment
In method for charging batteries in the identical charging interval, be that the electricity that battery is filled with is more, charging rate is faster.
In fig. 5 c, abscissa is battery charging and discharging cycle-index, and ordinate is battery capacity conservation rate.Such as Fig. 5 c institutes
Show, with the increase of battery charging and discharging cycle-index, the battery capacity conservation rate in specific embodiment and comparative example is in
Reveal downward trend.When battery charging and discharging cycle-index is more than about 300 times, the battery capacity conservation rate of specific embodiment compared with
Height, and specific embodiment shows longer cycle life.
In summary, compared with the method for charging batteries of comparative example, specific embodiment improves the charge volume of battery
And charging rate, and with longer battery.
Method for charging batteries according to embodiments of the present invention, using the charging modes of substep charging, having taken into full account to fill
The change of the electric internal resistance of cell of the battery under different battery temperatures and SOC, and battery temperature is damaged to charging in charging process
The influence of consumption, so that it is determined that each charging stage charge cutoff voltage corresponding with charging current, and according to from different charging ranks
The corresponding charge cutoff voltage control battery charging process of charging current of section enters the different charging stages.
Rechargeable battery, which is charged, by the charging method of the embodiment of the present invention can not only lift the charging of battery
Speed and charge capacity, lifting can also improve rechargeable battery using the distance travelled of the new-energy automobile of rechargeable battery
Service life.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, detailed description battery charger according to embodiments of the present invention and equipment.Fig. 6 is according to this
The structural representation of the battery charger of inventive embodiments.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation for showing the battery charger according to some exemplary embodiments of the invention.Such as Fig. 6
Shown, battery charger 600 includes：Current setting unit setting 610, internal resistance determining unit 620, charge loss factor determination unit
630th, charge cutoff voltage computing unit 640 and charhing unit 650.
Current setting unit setting 610, the charging current value I of n-th of charging stage for setting battery charging processn, its
In, InLess than In-1, n is the integer more than 1；
Internal resistance determining unit 620, in (n-1)th charging stage, to battery with In-1Charged, according to In-1Enter
The battery temperature and the battery charge state SOC at the specified moment at moment are specified during row charging, the internal resistance value of battery is determined.
Charge loss factor determination unit 630, for according to this specify the moment battery temperature, and using battery temperature with
The relation of battery charge loss coefficient, determines the battery charge loss coefficient of battery.
Charge cutoff voltage determining unit 640, for the internal resistance value based on battery and battery charge loss coefficient, is calculated
(n-1)th charging stage and In-1Corresponding charge cutoff voltage value Vn-1。
Specifically, calculated and I using above-mentioned formula (6)n-1Corresponding charge cutoff voltage value Vn-1, wherein, VmaxMaximum is filled
Electric blanking voltage, DCR is the internal resistance value according to battery temperature and the SOC battery determined, and SOS is battery charge loss coefficient.
Charhing unit 650, is used for：
In (n-1)th charging stage, present battery charging voltage is more than or equal to Vn-1And n-1 is less than the charging rank of setting
During section sum, into n-th of charging stage, battery charging voltage is more than or equal to Vn-1And n-1 be equal to the charging stage it is total when, stop
Only charge.
In certain embodiments, charhing unit 650 be additionally operable to (n-1)th charging stage enter n-th of charging stage or
When stopping charging, I is controlledn-1Reduce at a predetermined interval.
Specifically, the battery in the embodiment of the present invention can be lithium ion electricity accumulating unit, lead acid storage battery unit, nickel every electric power storage
Unit, ni-mh electricity accumulating unit, lithium sulphur electricity accumulating unit or sodium ion electricity accumulating unit.
The battery charger 600 provided according to embodiments of the present invention, can set multiple chargings for battery charging process
In the stage, each charging stage, corresponding charging current value was with the decreasing order of charging stage in charging process；Filled to battery
In the process of electricity, battery charge loss coefficient and the internal resistance of cell are determined according to the battery temperature and battery charge state of collection, from
And charge cutoff voltage corresponding with the charging current of current charging stage is determined, battery charging dress according to embodiments of the present invention
Put, the charge cutoff voltage of rechargeable battery fills charging side with what charging current, battery temperature and state-of-charge were adjusted
Method, on the premise of charging safety is ensured, obtains higher charging rate and more charge capacities.
Battery charger 600 according to embodiments of the present invention may correspond to battery charging side according to embodiments of the present invention
The function of unit in executive agent in method, and battery charger 600 is respectively in order to realize each side in Fig. 1
The corresponding flow of method, for sake of simplicity, will not be repeated here.
It can be set with reference at least a portion of Fig. 1 to Fig. 6 method for charging batteries described and battery charger by calculating
It is standby to realize.Fig. 7 shows the schematic block diagram of the computing device of the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in fig. 7, computing device 700
Input equipment 701, input interface 702, central processing unit 703, memory 704, output interface 705 and output can be included
Equipment 706.Wherein, input interface 702, central processing unit 703, memory 704 and output interface 705 pass through the phase of bus 710
Connect, input equipment 701 and output equipment 706 are connected by input interface 702 and output interface 705 with bus 710 respectively,
And then be connected with the other assemblies of computing device 700.Specifically, input equipment 701 is received from outside (for example, the electricity of setting
The charging current value and/or battery charging voltage of each charging stage of pond charging process) input information, and by input connect
Mouth 702 will input information transmission to central processing unit 703；Central processing unit 703 can based on the computer stored in memory 704
Execute instruction is handled to generate output information input information, and output information is temporarily or permanently stored in into memory
In 704, output information is then sent to by output equipment 706 by output interface 705；Output equipment 706 is defeated by output information
Go out outside to computing device 700 for users to use.
That is, the computing device 700 shown in Fig. 7 may be implemented as battery charging equipment, the battery charging equipment
Including：Processor 703 and memory 704.The memory 704 is used to store executable program code；Processor 703 is used to read
The executable program code stored in access to memory is to perform the method for charging batteries of above-described embodiment, it is possible to performs battery and fills
Step S110-S150 in method for electrically.
Here, the voltage sensor that processor can be with battery management system and on electrokinetic cell communicates, from
And computer executable instructions are performed based on the relevant information from battery management system and/or voltage sensor, so as to realize
With reference to Fig. 1 to Fig. 6 method for charging batteries described and battery charger.
By the battery charging equipment of the embodiment of the present invention, battery charging rate and charge volume can be lifted, it is to avoid occur
Overcharge risk.
In the above-described embodiments, it can come real wholly or partly by software, hardware, firmware or its any combination
It is existing.When implemented in software, can be whole or in part with the shape of computer program product or computer-readable recording medium
Formula is realized.The computer program product or computer-readable recording medium include one or more computer instructions.Calculating
When being loaded on machine and performing the computer program instructions, produce whole or in part according to the flow described in the embodiment of the present invention
Or function.The computer can be all-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, computer network or other programmable devices.Institute
Stating computer instruction can store in a computer-readable storage medium, or from a computer-readable recording medium to another
Individual computer-readable recording medium transmission, for example, the computer instruction can be from web-site, computer, a server
Or data center passes through wired (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, micro-
Ripple etc.) mode is transmitted to another web-site, computer, server or data center.The computer-readable storage
Medium can be any usable medium that computer can be accessed or include the integrated service of one or more usable mediums
The data storage devices such as device, data center.The usable medium can be magnetic medium, (for example, floppy disk, hard disk, tape), light
Medium (for example, DVD) or semiconductor medium (such as solid state hard disc Solid State Disk (SSD)).
It should be clear that, the invention is not limited in particular configuration that is described above and being shown in figure and processing.
For brevity, it is omitted here the detailed description to known method.In the above-described embodiments, some tools have been described and illustrated
The step of body, is used as example.But, procedure of the invention is not limited to described and illustrated specific steps, this area
Technical staff can be variously modified, change and add after the spirit of the present invention is understood, or suitable between change step
Sequence.
Functional block shown in structures described above block diagram can be implemented as hardware, software, firmware or their group
Close.When realizing in hardware, its may, for example, be electronic circuit, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), appropriate firmware, insert
Part, function card etc..When being realized with software mode, element of the invention is used to program or the generation of task needed for performing
Code section.Either code segment can be stored in machine readable media or passed by the data-signal carried in carrier wave program
Defeated medium or communication links are sent." machine readable media " can include storing or transmitting any medium of information.
The example of machine readable media includes electronic circuit, semiconductor memory devices, ROM, flash memory, erasable ROM (EROM), soft
Disk, CD-ROM, CD, hard disk, fiber medium, radio frequency (RF) link, etc..Code segment can be via such as internet, inline
The computer network of net etc. is downloaded.
It should also be noted that, the exemplary embodiment referred in the present invention, is retouched based on a series of step or device
State certain methods or system.But, the present invention is not limited to the order of above-mentioned steps, that is to say, that can be according in embodiment
The order referred to performs step, may also be distinct from that the order in embodiment, or some steps are performed simultaneously.
The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the invention, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that,
For convenience of description and succinctly, the specific work process of the system of foregoing description, module and unit, may be referred to preceding method
Corresponding process in embodiment, will not be repeated here.It should be understood that protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, it is any to be familiar with
Those skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in, various equivalent modifications or substitutions can be readily occurred in,
These modifications or substitutions should be all included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for charging batteries, it is characterised in that the method for charging batteries includes：
Set the charging current value I of n-th of charging stage of battery charging processn, wherein, InLess than In-1, n is whole more than 1
Number；
In (n-1)th charging stage, to the battery with In-1Charged, according to In-1The electricity at moment is specified when being charged
Pond temperature and the battery charge state SOC at the specified moment, determine the internal resistance value of the battery；
According to the battery temperature at the specified moment, and using the relation of battery temperature and battery charge loss coefficient, determine institute
State the battery charge loss coefficient of battery；
Internal resistance value and the battery charge loss coefficient based on the battery, are calculated in (n-1)th charging stage and In-1
Corresponding charge cutoff voltage value Vn-1；
In (n-1)th charging stage, battery charging voltage reaches Vn-1And n-1 be less than setting charging stage it is total when, enter
Enter n-th of charging stage, the battery charging voltage reaches Vn-1And n-1 be equal to the charging stage it is total when, stop charging.
2. method for charging batteries according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the internal resistance value and institute based on the battery
Battery charge loss coefficient is stated, is calculated in (n-1)th charging stage and In-1Corresponding Vn-1, including：
Utilize formula Vn-1=Vmax-In-1× DCR × SOS is calculated and In-1Corresponding Vn-1, wherein, VmaxFor the maximum of the battery
Charge cutoff voltage value, DCR is the internal resistance value of the battery, and SOS is the battery charge loss coefficient.
3. method for charging batteries according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the method for charging batteries also includes：
Enter n-th of charging stage in (n-1)th charging stage or stop charging, control the In-1Reduced with set rate.
4. method for charging batteries according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The battery is lithium ion electricity accumulating unit, lead acid storage battery unit, nickel every electricity accumulating unit, ni-mh electricity accumulating unit, lithium sulphur electric power storage
Unit or sodium ion electricity accumulating unit.
5. a kind of battery charger, it is characterised in that the battery charger includes：
Current setting unit setting, the charging current value I of n-th of charging stage for setting battery charging processn, wherein, InIt is less than
In-1, n is the integer more than 1；
Internal resistance determining unit, in (n-1)th charging stage, to the battery with In-1Charged, according to In-1Carry out
The battery temperature and the battery charge state SOC at the specified moment at moment are specified during charging, the internal resistance value of the battery is determined；
Charge loss factor determination unit, fills for the battery temperature and the battery temperature according to the specified moment with battery
The relation of electrical loss coefficient, determines the battery charge loss coefficient of the battery；
Charge cutoff voltage determining unit, for the internal resistance value based on the battery and the battery charge loss coefficient, is calculated
In (n-1)th charging stage and In-1Corresponding charge cutoff voltage value Vn-1；
Charhing unit, is used for：
In (n-1)th charging stage, present battery charging voltage reaches Vn-1And n-1 is less than the charging stage sum of setting
When, into n-th of charging stage, the battery charging voltage reaches Vn-1And n-1 be equal to the charging stage it is total when, stop
Charging.
6. battery charger according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the charge cutoff voltage determining unit is also used
In：
Utilize formula Vn-1=Vmax-In-1× DCR × SOS calculates described and In-1Corresponding charge cutoff voltage value Vn-1, wherein,
VmaxMaximum charge blanking voltage, DCR is the internal resistance value according to the battery temperature and the SOC battery determined, the SOS
For battery charge loss coefficient.
7. battery charger according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the charhing unit is additionally operable to：
Enter n-th of charging stage in (n-1)th charging stage or stop charging, control the In-1Reduced with set rate.
8. battery charger according to claim 5, it is characterised in that
The battery is lithium ion electricity accumulating unit, lead acid storage battery unit, nickel every electricity accumulating unit, ni-mh electricity accumulating unit, lithium sulphur electric power storage
Unit or sodium ion electricity accumulating unit.
9. a kind of battery charging equipment, it is characterised in that the battery charging equipment includes：
Memory, for storing executable program code；
Processor, for reading the executable program code stored in the memory with any one in perform claim requirement 1 to 4
Method for charging batteries described in.
10. a kind of computer-readable recording medium, it is characterised in that the computer-readable recording medium includes instruction, works as institute
Instruction is stated when running on computers so that computer performs the battery charging side as described in any one in Claims 1-4
Method.
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