CN102231544A - External battery pack type electricity-supplement balancing system and method of energy storage system - Google Patents
External battery pack type electricity-supplement balancing system and method of energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种储能系统的外接电池组式补电均衡系统及均衡方法，包括发电装置、电能合并系统、直流母线、第一充电模块、第一蓄电池组、第二充电模块、第二蓄电池组、DC/DC变换器、继电器、均衡总线，所述发电装置连接至电能合并系统，所述电能合并系统连接直流母线；所述第一充电模块和第二充电模块均连接在直流母线上，所述第一充电模块连接第一蓄电池组，所述第二充电模块连接第二蓄电池组，所述第一蓄电池组依次连接DC/DC变换器和继电器，所述继电器通过均衡总线连接至第二蓄电池组，所述第一蓄电池组通过均衡总线对第二蓄电池组进行补电均衡。采用本发明可实现有效的动态均衡，提高了充放电效率。
The invention discloses an external battery pack type power supply equalization system and equalization method of an energy storage system, comprising a power generation device, an electric energy combining system, a DC bus, a first charging module, a first storage battery group, a second charging module, a second A storage battery pack, a DC/DC converter, a relay, and a balance bus, the power generating device is connected to a power combining system, and the power combining system is connected to a DC bus; the first charging module and the second charging module are both connected to the DC bus , the first charging module is connected to a first battery pack, the second charging module is connected to a second battery pack, the first battery pack is connected to a DC/DC converter and a relay in turn, and the relay is connected to the second battery pack through a balance bus. Two storage battery packs, the first storage battery pack performs power supplement equalization on the second storage battery pack through the balancing bus. Adopting the present invention can realize effective dynamic balance and improve charging and discharging efficiency.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及新能源发电领域，尤其涉及的是一种储能系统的外接电池组式补电均衡系统及均衡方法。The invention relates to the field of new energy power generation, in particular to an external battery pack type power supply equalization system and equalization method for an energy storage system.
背景技术 Background technique
风能、太阳能、波浪能等新能源发电系统均具有波动性、不稳定等特点。采用大规模储能技术，可使不稳定的新能源电力的输出功率平滑可调，将不稳定的电能输入变为连续、安全可靠的电能输出，改善电网安全性和可靠性，提高新能源电力的使用率，减少波动性电能对电网的冲击，从而解决新能源电力并网难题。对于海岛、偏远地区等的独立离网新能源发电，同时是由于电力的不稳定性，需要大规模储能系统实现电力平滑及储存，以满足没有新能源出力的情况下电力的正常供应。New energy power generation systems such as wind energy, solar energy, and wave energy all have the characteristics of volatility and instability. The use of large-scale energy storage technology can make the output power of unstable new energy power smoothly adjustable, change unstable power input into continuous, safe and reliable power output, improve the safety and reliability of the power grid, and increase the power of new energy power. The utilization rate of electricity can reduce the impact of fluctuating electric energy on the power grid, thereby solving the problem of grid-connected new energy power. For independent off-grid new energy power generation in islands and remote areas, at the same time due to the instability of power, a large-scale energy storage system is required to achieve power smoothing and storage to meet the normal supply of power without new energy output.
影响电池单体、储能电池系统的重要外部因素是温度；内部因素是电池的内阻及模块内、模块间电池的一致性。大规模储能需要将多个单体电池串并联起来以获得较大的储能容量及较高功率输出，电池组的储能大小取决于最差一节电池的充放电特性。由于电池制造过程本身具有一定离散性，而且随着电池使用时间的增长，电池性能的相互差异更加突出，如果没有对电池进行均衡管理，随着充放电循环进行，单体电池间的不一致会造成欠充电、过充电和过放电，严重影响电池组的使用性能和寿命，并且会造成严重的安全隐患。The important external factor affecting the battery cell and energy storage battery system is temperature; the internal factor is the internal resistance of the battery and the consistency of batteries within and between modules. Large-scale energy storage needs to connect multiple single batteries in series and parallel to obtain larger energy storage capacity and higher power output. The energy storage capacity of the battery pack depends on the charging and discharging characteristics of the worst battery. Due to the discreteness of the battery manufacturing process itself, and with the increase of battery life, the differences in battery performance become more prominent. If the battery is not managed in a balanced manner, the inconsistency between the single batteries will cause Undercharging, overcharging and overdischarging will seriously affect the performance and life of the battery pack, and will cause serious safety hazards.
现有的均衡技术，往往只在充电过程中应用电阻对电池组进行耗散型均衡。这种均衡方式不能在充放电过程进行动态均衡，均衡效果不够显著。并且耗散型电阻在均衡过程中会产生大量的热，降低了充放电效率，造成有效储存能量的巨大浪费；同时产生的大量热，还增加了热管理的负担。现有的非耗散型均衡方法主要包括开关电容均衡方法等，但是往往会存在电路复杂、均衡速度慢等问题。Existing equalization technologies often only use resistors to perform dissipation-type equalization on the battery pack during the charging process. This equalization method cannot perform dynamic equalization during the charge and discharge process, and the equalization effect is not significant enough. Moreover, dissipative resistors will generate a lot of heat during the equalization process, which reduces the charging and discharging efficiency and causes a huge waste of effective energy storage; at the same time, the large amount of heat generated also increases the burden of thermal management. Existing non-dissipative equalization methods mainly include switched capacitor equalization methods, etc., but often have problems such as complex circuits and slow equalization speed.
因此，现有技术还有待于改进和发展。Therefore, the prior art still needs to be improved and developed.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种储能系统的外接电池组式补电均衡系统及均衡方法，旨在解决现有的耗散型电阻均衡方式在均衡过程中会产生大量的热，降低了充放电效率，造成有效储存能量的巨大浪费；同时产生的大量热，还增加了热管理的负担，且系统电路复杂、均衡速度慢等问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an external battery pack type power supply equalization system and equalization method for an energy storage system, aiming at solving the problem that the existing dissipative resistance equalization method will generate a lot of heat during the equalization process, which reduces the charging and discharging High efficiency, resulting in a huge waste of effective energy storage; at the same time, a large amount of heat is generated, which also increases the burden of thermal management, and the system circuit is complex and the equalization speed is slow.
本发明的技术方案如下：Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种储能系统的外接电池组式补电均衡系统，其中，包括发电装置、电能合并系统、直流母线、第一充电模块、第一蓄电池组、第二充电模块、第二蓄电池组、DC/DC变换器、继电器、均衡总线、并网逆变器和用户模块，所述发电装置连接至电能合并系统，所述电能合并系统通过直流母线连接至并网逆变器，所述并网逆变器连接用户模块；所述第一充电模块和第二充电模块均连接在直流母线上，所述第一充电模块连接第一蓄电池组，所述第二充电模块连接第二蓄电池组，所述第一蓄电池组依次连接DC/DC变换器和继电器，所述继电器通过均衡总线连接至第二蓄电池组，所述第一蓄电池组通过均衡总线对第二蓄电池组进行补电均衡。An external battery pack type power supply equalization system for an energy storage system, including a power generation device, a power combining system, a DC bus, a first charging module, a first battery pack, a second charging module, a second battery pack, a DC/ A DC converter, a relay, a balance bus, a grid-connected inverter and a user module, the power generation device is connected to a power combining system, and the power combining system is connected to a grid-connected inverter through a DC bus, and the grid-connected inverter The inverter is connected to the user module; the first charging module and the second charging module are both connected to the DC bus, the first charging module is connected to the first battery pack, the second charging module is connected to the second battery pack, and the first charging module is connected to the second battery pack. A storage battery pack is sequentially connected to a DC/DC converter and a relay, and the relay is connected to a second storage battery pack through a balancing bus, and the first storage battery pack performs power supply equalization on the second storage battery pack through a balancing bus.
所述的储能系统的外接电池组式补电均衡系统，其中，所述第二蓄电池组包括多个单体电池，所有的单体电池被分为多个储能模块，所述储能模块包括均衡电源输入端、电能输出端和控制端，各储能模块的均衡电源输入端并联连接，各储能模块的电能输出端串联连接，所述控制端连接至储能控制单元。In the external battery pack type power supply equalization system of the energy storage system, the second battery pack includes a plurality of single cells, and all the single cells are divided into a plurality of energy storage modules, and the energy storage modules It includes a balanced power input terminal, a power output terminal and a control terminal, the balanced power input terminals of each energy storage module are connected in parallel, the power output terminals of each energy storage module are connected in series, and the control terminal is connected to the energy storage control unit.
所述的储能系统的外接电池组式补电均衡系统，其中，每个储能模块包括至少两个串联连接的单体包，所述单体包包括一单体电池、一微处理器和一隔离模块，所述单体包上设置有正极点、负极点、LIN总线和均衡总线，所述单体电池的两极分别对应连接在正极点和负极点上以及微处理器上，所述均衡总线连接在微处理器上，所述LIN总线通过隔离模块连接在微处理器上，所述LIN总线连接在控制端上；所述均衡总线连接在均衡电源输入端上；所述正极点和负极点连接在电能输出端。The external battery pack type power supply equalization system of the energy storage system, wherein each energy storage module includes at least two battery packs connected in series, and the battery packs include a single battery, a microprocessor and An isolation module, the monomer package is provided with a positive pole, a negative pole, a LIN bus and a balance bus, and the two poles of the single battery are respectively connected to the positive pole, the negative pole and the microprocessor, and the balance The bus is connected to the microprocessor, the LIN bus is connected to the microprocessor through an isolation module, and the LIN bus is connected to the control terminal; the balanced bus is connected to the balanced power supply input; the positive pole and the negative pole The point is connected to the power output terminal.
所述的储能系统的外接电池组式补电均衡系统，其中，所述发电装置设置有多套，且均连接至电能合并系统。In the above-mentioned external battery pack type power supply equalization system of the energy storage system, there are multiple sets of the power generating devices, and all of them are connected to the electric energy combining system.
一种储能系统的外接电池组式补电均衡方法，其中，所述微处理器采集储能模块内各单体电池的电压，并发送给储能控制单元，所述储能控制单元计算各储能模块内的单体电池的平均电压，当某一储能模块里的某一单体电池电压低于其所在储能模块内单体电池的平均电压，则单体包里的微控制器控制单体电池与均衡总线连接，单体电池吸收均衡总线上的电量，开始对该单体电池进行均衡；当该单体电池电压达到储能模块里单体电池的平均电压时，单体电池与均衡总线断开，结束该节单体电池的均衡，然后对另一节低电压的单体电池进行均衡处理。An external battery pack-type power supply equalization method for an energy storage system, wherein the microprocessor collects the voltage of each single battery in the energy storage module and sends it to the energy storage control unit, and the energy storage control unit calculates the voltage of each single battery in the energy storage module. The average voltage of the single battery in the energy storage module, when the voltage of a certain single battery in a certain energy storage module is lower than the average voltage of the single battery in the energy storage module where it is located, the microcontroller in the single pack Control the connection of the single battery to the balance bus, the single battery absorbs the power on the balance bus, and starts to balance the single battery; when the voltage of the single battery reaches the average voltage of the single battery in the energy storage module, the single battery Disconnect from the equalization bus, end the equalization of this cell, and then perform equalization on another low-voltage single cell.
所述的储能系统的外接电池组式补电均衡方法，其中，若某一储能模块里的所有单体电池的电压都已经均衡，但是低于储能系统中各储能模块间的平均电压，则该储能模块的所有单体电池与均衡总线连接，吸收均衡总线上的电量，储能模块内的各单节电池都进行补电，直到该储能模块的电压达到储能单元模块的平均电压，结束储能系统的均衡。The external battery pack-type power supply equalization method of the energy storage system, wherein, if the voltages of all the single batteries in a certain energy storage module have been balanced, but are lower than the average voltage among the energy storage modules in the energy storage system Voltage, then all the single cells of the energy storage module are connected to the balance bus, absorb the power on the balance bus, and each single battery in the energy storage module is charged until the voltage of the energy storage module reaches the energy storage unit module The average voltage of the energy storage system ends.
本发明的有益效果：本发明通过提供一种外接蓄电池组式的补电均衡方案，其采用总线均衡方式，均衡电源输入端均接电池单元的电极上，随时可以对单节电池进行均衡，只要有单体电池电压低，满足均衡条件，不论储能单元或模块处于充电、放电或放置状态，均可立即均衡，实现有效的动态均衡，另外在均衡过程中不会产生大量的热量，提高了充放电效率。Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention provides an externally connected battery pack type supplementary power equalization scheme, which adopts a bus equalization method, and the input terminals of the equalized power supply are all connected to the electrodes of the battery unit, so that a single battery can be balanced at any time, as long as The voltage of a single battery is low and meets the balance conditions. No matter the energy storage unit or module is in the state of charging, discharging or placing, it can be balanced immediately to achieve effective dynamic balance. In addition, a large amount of heat will not be generated during the balance process, which improves the Charge and discharge efficiency.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明提供的外接电池组式均衡系统的原理图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the external battery pack type balancing system provided by the present invention;
图2是本发明提供的储能单元结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage unit provided by the present invention;
图3是本发明提供的电池模块示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery module provided by the present invention;
图4是本发明提供的单体包内部均衡使能示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of enabling internal equalization of a single package provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚、明确，以下参照附图并举实施例对本发明进一步详细说明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear and definite, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
本发明提供一种储能系统的外接蓄电池组式均衡系统及其均衡方法，采用外接蓄电池组式补电均衡方法的均衡系统包括两套充电模块及一套补电用蓄电池组。通过增加一套小型充电模块及用作补电的蓄电池组对大的储能系统进行补电均衡，原理如图1所示。The invention provides an externally connected storage battery pack-type balancing system and a balancing method thereof for an energy storage system. The balancing system adopting the externally connected storage battery pack-type charging equalization method includes two sets of charging modules and a set of charging battery packs. By adding a set of small charging modules and battery packs used as supplementary power, the large energy storage system can be supplemented and balanced. The principle is shown in Figure 1.
参见图1，所述外接蓄电池组式补电均衡系统包括发电装置、电能合并系统、直流母线、第一充电模块、第一蓄电池组、第二充电模块、第二蓄电池组、DC/DC变换器、继电器、均衡总线、并网逆变器和用户模块。外接蓄电池组补电均衡系统则是通过增加一套第一充电模块及用作补电的第一蓄电池组，第一蓄电池组对大的储能系统即第二蓄电池组进行补电均衡。Referring to Fig. 1 , the externally connected battery pack type supplementary power equalization system includes a power generation device, a power combining system, a DC bus, a first charging module, a first battery pack, a second charging module, a second battery pack, and a DC/DC converter , relays, balanced buses, grid-connected inverters and user modules. The external battery pack supplementary balance system adds a set of first charging module and the first battery pack used as supplementary power, and the first battery pack performs power supplement equalization on the large energy storage system, that is, the second battery pack.
本发明中发电装置设置有多套，发电装置1、发电装置2、……、发电装置n(其中n大于等于1)，所述发电装置均连接至电能合并系统，所述电能合并系统通过直流母线连接至并网逆变器，所述并网逆变器连接用户模块；所述第一充电模块和第二充电模块均连接在直流母线上，所述第一充电模块连接第一蓄电池组，所述第二充电模块连接第二蓄电池组，所述第一蓄电池组依次连接DC/DC变换器和继电器，所述继电器通过均衡总线连接至第二蓄电池组。所述第一蓄电池组为均衡源。In the present invention, there are multiple sets of power generation devices,
本方案中的储能系统分为单体包、储能模块、储能单元(即蓄电池组)三个级别。每个储能模块由8-10节电池单体串联构成，储能单元则由n个储能模块级联构成。The energy storage system in this scheme is divided into three levels: monomer package, energy storage module, and energy storage unit (that is, battery pack). Each energy storage module is composed of 8-10 battery cells in series, and the energy storage unit is composed of n energy storage modules cascaded.
如图4所示，所述单体包包括正极点、负极点、LIN总线。LIN总线用于模块控制板实现对单体进行分布式控制。单体包的内部结构示意图，每个单体包由一个单体电池、一个微处理器(MPU)和一个隔离模块形成。所述单体电池连接在微处理器上，所述均衡总线连接在微处理器上，所述LIN总线通过隔离模块连接在微处理器上。As shown in FIG. 4 , the monomer package includes a positive pole, a negative pole, and a LIN bus. The LIN bus is used for the module control board to realize the distributed control of the monomer. Schematic diagram of the internal structure of a single pack, each single pack is formed by a single battery, a microprocessor (MPU) and an isolation module. The single battery is connected to the microprocessor, the balance bus is connected to the microprocessor, and the LIN bus is connected to the microprocessor through an isolation module.
模块组成示意图如图3所示，包括恒流源、多节单体包、模块控制板。其中，恒流源从均衡电源获得电能，每个恒流源负责一个模块的均衡补电。模块控制板通过模块内处理器比较模块内单体电压高低，判断单节电池和均衡线的连接关系。模块控制板内处理器发出均衡使能，通过LIN总线和隔离模块后输入给微处理器MPU，微处理器MPU再控制单节电池和均衡总线的连接关系，接通进入均衡状态。为了提高均衡速度及效率，本均衡方案中将储能系统分成多个储能模块，如图2所示。所述储能系统包括均衡电源输入端、第一储能模块、第二储能模块、……、第n储能模块、储能控制单元，所述第一储能模块、第二储能模块、……、第n储能模块均并联在均衡电源输入端上，各储能模块的输出端之间串联连接。所述储能控制单元的作用主要是通过内设处理器提取各单体电池的电压并计算储能单元的平均电压，并为can总线提供接口。储能控制单元在其他方面要实现的功能不在此描述。所述储能控制单元通过can总线连接各储能模块，此时，各模块作为一个整体，模块内排列的第一节单体的正极作为模块的正极，最后一节单体的负极作为模块的负极。The schematic diagram of the module composition is shown in Figure 3, including a constant current source, a multi-section monomer package, and a module control board. Among them, the constant current source obtains electric energy from the balanced power supply, and each constant current source is responsible for the balanced supplementary power of a module. The module control board compares the voltage level of the single cells in the module through the processor in the module, and judges the connection relationship between the single battery and the balance line. The processor in the module control board sends out the balance enable, which is input to the microprocessor MPU through the LIN bus and the isolation module. In order to improve the equalization speed and efficiency, the energy storage system is divided into multiple energy storage modules in this equalization scheme, as shown in Figure 2. The energy storage system includes a balanced power supply input terminal, a first energy storage module, a second energy storage module, ..., an nth energy storage module, and an energy storage control unit. The first energy storage module and the second energy storage module , ..., and the nth energy storage modules are all connected in parallel to the input end of the balanced power supply, and the output ends of the energy storage modules are connected in series. The function of the energy storage control unit is mainly to extract the voltage of each single battery and calculate the average voltage of the energy storage unit through the built-in processor, and provide an interface for the CAN bus. The functions to be realized by the energy storage control unit in other aspects are not described here. The energy storage control unit is connected to each energy storage module through the CAN bus. At this time, each module is taken as a whole, and the positive pole of the first monomer arranged in the module is used as the positive pole of the module, and the negative pole of the last monomer is used as the positive pole of the module. negative electrode.
所述单体包中嵌入的微处理器中的电压采集系统采集储能模块内各单体电池的电压，并通过储能单元控制器内处理器计算储能单元单体电池的平均电压，其平均电压U的计算公式为：储能单元单体平均电压U＝储能单元总电压/储能单元单体电池总数。模块内的处理器计算各模块单体的平均电压：模块单体平均电压U′＝储能模块电压/模块内单体电池数，此平均电压是进行模块内均衡的衡量依据。储能单元平均电压和模块平均电压是模块间均衡的依据。The voltage collection system in the microprocessor embedded in the cell pack collects the voltage of each single battery in the energy storage module, and calculates the average voltage of the single battery of the energy storage unit through the processor in the energy storage unit controller, which The calculation formula of the average voltage U is: the average voltage U of the energy storage unit = the total voltage of the energy storage unit / the total number of single batteries of the energy storage unit. The processor in the module calculates the average voltage of each module monomer: the average voltage U' of the module monomer = the voltage of the energy storage module/the number of single batteries in the module, and the average voltage is the basis for measuring the balance within the module. The average voltage of the energy storage unit and the average voltage of the modules are the basis for the balance between modules.
本发明的外接电池组式补电均衡方式有两套充电模块及蓄电池组。直流母线上的电力通过充电模块可分别给两组蓄电池充电。其中第一充电模块给第一蓄电池组充电，第一蓄电池组作为均衡源；第二充电模块给第二蓄电池组充电，主要起到调压、储能的作用。起到均衡源的第一蓄电池组通过DC/DC变换器输出所需均衡电流。DC/DC变换器输出端与继电器连接，通过继电器控制电流的输出，当有单体电池需要均衡时继电器的动触点与静触点吸合，开始流过均衡电流。The external battery pack type power supply equalization method of the present invention has two sets of charging modules and storage battery packs. The power on the DC bus can charge the two sets of batteries respectively through the charging module. Wherein the first charging module charges the first storage battery pack, and the first storage battery pack acts as an equalization source; the second charging module charges the second storage battery pack, which mainly plays the role of voltage regulation and energy storage. The first battery pack serving as a balancing source outputs the required balancing current through the DC/DC converter. The output terminal of the DC/DC converter is connected to the relay, and the output of the current is controlled through the relay. When a single battery needs to be balanced, the moving contact of the relay is attracted to the static contact, and the balancing current starts to flow.
本发明提供的均衡的方法为：当有电池需要均衡时，继电器的动触点与静触点吸合，将均衡电流通过均衡总线。先对模块内的各单体电池进行均衡，再对模块及模块间进行均衡。The balancing method provided by the present invention is as follows: when there is a battery that needs to be balanced, the moving contact of the relay is pulled in with the static contact, and the balancing current passes through the balancing bus. First balance each single battery in the module, and then balance the modules and between modules.
当某一模块里的某一单体电池电压低于该模块单体电池的平均电压，如Un＜U′(n为正整数)，则开始对单体电池n进行均衡。此时，单体包里的微处理器(MPU)控制内部的电子开关，开关闭合，经过电子开关，单体电池吸收均衡总线上的电流，当该单体电池电压达到储能单元里单体电池的平均电压时，电子开关断开，结束该节单体电池的均衡，转移到另一节低电压的单体电池。若某一模块里的电压都已经均衡，但是该模块单体的平均电压低于整个储能单元的平均电压，则该模块的所有单体电池的电子开关均闭合，吸收均衡总线上的电流，模块内的各单节电池都进行补电，直到该模块的平均电压达到储能单元模块的平均电压，结束储能单元的均衡。When the voltage of a single battery in a certain module is lower than the average voltage of the single battery of the module, such as Un<U' (n is a positive integer), then start to balance the single battery n. At this time, the microprocessor (MPU) in the cell pack controls the internal electronic switch, and the switch is closed. After the electronic switch, the cell absorbs the current on the balance bus. When the voltage of the cell reaches the voltage of the cell in the energy storage unit When the average voltage of the battery is reached, the electronic switch is turned off, ending the equalization of the single battery, and transferring to another low-voltage single battery. If the voltage in a certain module has been balanced, but the average voltage of the single module is lower than the average voltage of the entire energy storage unit, the electronic switches of all the single cells of the module are closed to absorb the current on the balanced bus. Each single battery in the module is supplemented with electricity until the average voltage of the module reaches the average voltage of the energy storage unit module, and the balance of the energy storage unit is ended.
本发明通过提供一种外接蓄电池组式的补电均衡方案，其采用总线均衡方式，均衡电源输入端均接电池单元的电极上，随时可以对单节电池进行均衡，只要有单体电池电压低，满足均衡条件，不论储能单元或模块处于充电、放电或放置状态，均可立即均衡，实现有效的动态均衡，另外在均衡过程中不会产生大量的热量，提高了充放电效率。The present invention provides an externally connected battery pack-type supplementary power equalization scheme, which adopts a bus equalization method, and the input terminals of the equalized power supply are all connected to the electrodes of the battery cells, so that a single battery can be balanced at any time, as long as there is a single battery with low voltage , to meet the balance conditions, no matter the energy storage unit or module is in the state of charging, discharging or placing, it can be balanced immediately to achieve effective dynamic balance. In addition, a large amount of heat will not be generated during the balance process, which improves the charging and discharging efficiency.
应当理解的是，本发明的应用不限于上述的举例，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。It should be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art can make improvements or transformations according to the above descriptions, and all these improvements and transformations should belong to the protection scope of the appended claims of the present invention.
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