CN102206180B - 作为多聚(adp-核糖)聚合酶抑制剂的被取代的6-环己基烷基取代的2-喹啉酮和2-喹喔啉酮 - Google Patents
作为多聚(adp-核糖)聚合酶抑制剂的被取代的6-环己基烷基取代的2-喹啉酮和2-喹喔啉酮 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102206180B CN102206180B CN201110081918XA CN201110081918A CN102206180B CN 102206180 B CN102206180 B CN 102206180B CN 201110081918X A CN201110081918X A CN 201110081918XA CN 201110081918 A CN201110081918 A CN 201110081918A CN 102206180 B CN102206180 B CN 102206180B
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Abstract
本发明提供式(I)化合物、它们作为PARP抑制剂的应用、以及包括所述式(I)化合物的药物组合物,其中n、s、R1、R2、R3、Q、X和Y具有限定的含义。
Description
本申请是申请号为200480036656.3,申请日为2004年11月18日的中国专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及PARP的抑制剂、并提供化合物和包含该化合物的组合物。另外,本发明提供所述PARP抑制剂用作例如药物的用法。
背景技术
细胞核酶多聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶-1(PARP-1)为包括PARP-1和几种最近鉴定的新颖多聚(ADP-核糖基化)酶的PARP酶家族的成员。PARP还被称为多聚(腺苷5′-二磷酸-核糖)聚合酶或PARS(多聚(ADP-核糖)合成酶)。
PARP-1为116kDa的包括三个结构域的主要核内蛋白:包含两个锌指状结构的N-端DNA结合域、自身修饰域和C-端催化域。其存在于几乎所有的真核生物中。该酶合成多聚(ADP-核糖),其是可由超过200个ADP-核糖单元组成的支链聚合物。多聚(ADP-核糖)的蛋白质受体直接或间接地参与保持DNA的完整性。它们包括组蛋白、拓扑异构酶、DNA和RNA聚合酶、DNA连接酶、和Ca2+和Mg2+依赖性核酸内切酶。PARP蛋白在许多组织中以高水平表达,最值得注意的是在免疫系统、心、脑、和生殖系细胞中。在正常的生理条件下,具有最小的PARP活性。然而,DNA损伤引起高达500倍的PARP的立即活化。
归因于PARP特别是PARP-1的许多功能之一,在于其通过ADP-核糖基化促进DNA修复并因此协调许多DNA修复蛋白的重要作用。由于PARP活化,NAD+水平显著下降。广泛的PARP活化引起遭受大规模DNA损伤的细胞中NAD+的严重耗竭。多聚(ADP-核糖)的短半衰期产生迅速的周转率。一旦多聚(ADP-核糖)形成,其迅速被结构活性多聚(ADP-核糖)糖水解酶(PARG)连同磷酸二酯酶和(ADP-核糖)蛋白裂解酶所降解。PARP和PARG形成将大量NAD+转化为ADP-核糖的循环。在不到一小时的时间内,PARP的过度兴奋引起NAD+和ATP下降到少于正常水平的20%。这种情况在氧气剥夺已经强烈地危害细胞能量输出的缺血过程中是特别有害的。随后的在再灌注过程中自由 基的产生被假定为是组织损伤的主要原因。在缺血和再灌注过程中在许多器官中通常出现的ATP下降的原因部分可归因于由于多聚(ADP-核糖)周转的NAD+耗竭。因此,期望PARP或PARG抑制以保持细胞的能量水平,从而加强缺血组织在损伤后的存活性。
多聚(ADP-核糖)合成还参与炎性反应所必需的许多基因的诱导表达。PARP抑制剂抑制巨噬细胞中的诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、内皮细胞中的P型选择蛋白和细胞间粘着分子-1(ICAM-1)的产生。这种活性构成由PARP抑制剂表现出来的强抗炎作用的基础。PARP抑制能够通过防止嗜中性粒细胞到受损组织的易位和渗入而减少坏死。
PARP由受损的DNA片段活化,并且一旦活化,其催化高达100个ADP-核糖单元对多种核内蛋白(包括组蛋白和PARP本身)的附着。在主要的细胞应激反应过程中,广泛的PARP活化可以通过能量储存的耗竭而迅速引起细胞损伤或死亡。由于每个再生的NAD+分子消耗四分子的ATP,NAD+由于大规模的PARP活化而耗尽,在NAD+再合成的努力中,ATP也可被耗竭。
已经有报导说PARP活化在NMDA-和NO-诱导的神经毒性中起到关键作用。这已经在其中毒性的预防与PARP抑制效价直接相关的皮层培养物中和海马切片中得以证实。因此,PARP抑制剂在神经变性痰病和头外伤治疗中的可能作用得到认可,虽然尚未阐明其确切的作用机理。
类似地,已经证明单次注射PARP抑制剂减少兔的由心或骨骼肌的缺血和再灌注所引起的梗塞面积。在这些研究中,在闭塞之前一分钟或再灌注之前一分钟单次注射3-氨基-苯甲酰胺(10mg/kg)引起心脏中梗塞面积的类似缩小(32-42%),而另一种PARP抑制剂1,5-二羟基异喹啉(1mg/kg)以可比的程度缩小梗塞面积(38-48%)。这些结果使得有理由假定PARP抑制剂可以预先抢救缺血心脏或骨骼肌组织的再灌注损伤。
PARP活化还可以用作神经毒性损伤之后损害的量度,所述神经毒性损伤由暴露在例如以下谤导物中的任一种下而产生,它们参与病理学状况如中风、阿尔茨海默氏病和帕金森氏病:谷氨酸(经由NMDA受体兴奋)、活性氧中间体、淀粉样β-蛋白、N-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)或其活性代谢物N-甲基-4-苯基吡啶(MPP+)。其它研究继续 探索PARP活化在体外小脑粒细胞中和在MPTP神经毒性中的作用。神经过度暴露于谷氨酸下,所述谷氨酸充当主要的中枢神经系统神经递质并作用于N-甲基D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体和其它亚型受体,最经常地由于中风或其它神经变性过程而引起。氧剥夺的神经元在缺血性脑损伤过程中如中风或心脏病发作过程中释放大量的谷氨酸。这种谷氨酸的过量释放又引起N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)、AMPA、Kainate、和MGR受体的过度兴奋(兴奋毒性,excitotoxicity),其打开离子通道并允许不受控制的离子流动(如,Ca2+和Na+流入到细胞中,而K+流出细胞),引起神经元的过度刺激。过度刺激的神经元分泌更多的谷氨酸,产生反馈回路或多米诺效应,其最终通过蛋白酶、脂肪酶和自由基的产生而引起细胞损伤或死亡。谷氨酸受体的过度活化已经牵连于多种神经病学疾病和状况,包括癫痫、中风、阿尔茨海默氏病、帕金森氏病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS)、亨廷顿舞蹈病、精神分裂症、慢性疼痛、缺氧之后的缺血和神经元损失、低血糖、缺血、外伤、和神经损伤(nervous insult)。谷氨酸暴露和刺激还被暗示作为强迫性痰病的基础,特别是药物依赖性。证据包括在许多动物物种中的发现、以及在用谷氨酸或NMDA处理的大脑皮层培养物中的发现,谷氨酸受体拮抗剂(即,阻断谷氨酸与其受体结合或活化其受体的化合物)阻断血管性卒中之后的神经损伤。已经证明通过阻断NMDA、AMPA、Kainate和MGR受体防止兴奋毒性的尝试是困难的,因为每个受体具有谷氨酸可以结合的多个位点,由此,发现拮抗剂的有效混合物或通用拮抗剂以防止谷氨酸对所有受体的结合和允许试验这种理论是困难的。另外,有效阻断受体的许多组合物还是对动物有毒性的。因而,目前没有已知的对于谷氨酸异常的有效治疗。NMDA受体通过谷氨酸受到刺激,例如活化酶神经元一氧化氮合酶(nNOS),引起一氧化氮(NO)的形成,一氧化氮也介导神经毒性。可以通过用一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制剂进行治疗或通过体外nNOS的靶向基因破坏而防止NMDA神经毒性。
PARP抑制剂的另一个应用为治疗外周神经损伤和由此产生的被称为神经病理性痛的病理性疼痛综合症,如由总坐骨神经的慢性缩窄性损伤(CCI)诱导的疼痛和其中以发生细胞质和核浆的色素过多(所谓的“深色”神经元)为特征的脊髓背角的跨突触交错(transsynapticalteration)诱导的疼痛。
证据还在于PARP抑制剂可用于治疗炎性肠病如结肠炎。具体地,通过腔内给药在50%乙醇中的半抗原三硝基苯磺酸在大鼠中诱导结肠炎。治疗的大鼠接受PARP活性的特异性抑制剂3-氨基苯甲酰胺。PARP活性的抑制降低了炎性反应并且恢复了远端结肠的形态学和有力状态。
进一步的证据表明,PARP抑制剂可用于治疗关节炎。另外,PARP抑制剂似乎可用于治疗糖尿病。已经证明PARP抑制剂可用于治疗内毒素性休克或脓毒性休克。
PARP抑制剂还可用于延长细胞的寿命和增殖能力,包括治疗疾病如皮肤老化、阿尔茨海默氏病、动脉粥样硬化、骨关节炎、骨质疏松症、肌营养不良、涉及复制老年化的骨骼肌的变性疾病、年龄相关性肌肉变性、免疫老年化、AIDS、和其它免疫老年化疾病;和用于改变老年化细胞的基因表达。
还已知PARP抑制剂如3-氨基苯甲酰胺响应例如过氧化氢或电离辐射而实现DNA的全面修复。
PARP在DNA链修复中的关键作用得到确认,特别是当由电离辐射直接引起或在甲基化试剂、拓扑异构酶I抑制剂和其它化学治疗剂如顺铂和博来霉素谤导的DNA损伤的酶促修复之后间接引起时。使用“剔除”小鼠、反式显性抑制模型(DNA结合域的过度表达)、反义和小分子量抑制剂的大量研究证明了PARP在DNA损伤诱导之后的修复和细胞存活性中的作用。PARP酶活性的抑制应当引起肿瘤细胞对DNA损伤治疗的敏感性增强。
已经报导说PARP抑制剂在辐射敏化(含低氧量的)肿瘤细胞中是有效的,和在防止肿瘤细胞在放疗后从DNA的可能致死损伤和亚致死损伤中恢复是有效的,据推测是由于它们能够防止DNA链断裂再接合并影响若干种DNA损伤信号途径。
PARP抑制剂已经用于治疗癌症。另外,美国专利5,177,075讨论了几种异喹啉用于增强电离辐射或化学治疗剂对肿瘤细胞的致死作用。Weltin等人,“Effect of 6(5-Phenanthridinone,an Inhibitor of Poly(ADP-ribose)Polymerase,onCultured Tumor Cells”,Oncol.Res.,6:9,399-403(1994)讨论了PARP活性的抑制、肿瘤细胞增殖的减少、和在与烷化剂一起治疗肿瘤细胞时的显著的协同增效作用。
新近的对现有技术的全面综述已经由Li和Zhang在IDrugs 2001,4(7):804-812中发表。
还需要有效的和有力的PARP抑制剂,更特别地,需要产生最小副作用的PARP-1抑制剂。本发明提供用于抑制PARP活性的化合物、组合物和方法,用于治疗癌症和/或防止由例如坏死或细胞程序死亡所致的细胞损伤或死亡而产生的细胞、组织和/或器官损伤。本发明的化合物和组合物特别用于增强其中治疗的主要影响为引起靶细胞中DNA损伤的化疗和放疗的有效性。
背景现有技术
在1990年6月6日公开的EP 371564公开了(1H-吡咯-1-基甲基)取代的喹啉、喹唑啉或喹喔啉衍生物。所述化合物抑制视黄酸类的血浆消除。特别公开了6-(环己基-1H-咪唑-1-基甲基)-3-甲基-2(1H)-喹喔啉酮(化合物A)。
发明内容
本发明涉及式(I)的化合物:
及其N-氧化物形式、加成盐和立体化学异构体形式,
其中n为0或1;
s为0或1;
X为-N=或-CR4=,其中R4为氢或可与R1一起形成式-CH=CH- CH=CH-的二价基;
Y为-N<或-CH<;
Q为-NH-、-O-、-C(O)-、-CH2-CH2-或-CHR5-,
其中R5为氢、羟基、C1-6烷基、芳基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基羰基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基氨基或卤代吲唑基;
R1为C1-6烷基或噻吩基;
R2为氢或可与R3一起形成=O;
R3为氢、C1-6烷基或选自以下的基团:
-NR6R7(a-1),
-O-H (a-2),
-O-R8 (a-3),
-S-R9 (a-4),或
-C≡N (a-5),
其中
R6为-CHO、C1-6烷基、羟基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基羰基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基羰基氨基C1-6烷基、哌啶基C1-6烷基、哌啶基C1-6烷基氨基羰基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基、噻吩基C1-6烷基、吡咯基C1-6烷基、芳基C1-6烷基哌啶基、芳基羰基C1-6烷基、芳基羰基哌啶基C1-6烷基、卤代吲唑基(indozolyl)哌啶基C1-6烷基、或芳基C1-6烷基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;和
R7为氢或C1-6烷基;
R8为C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基羰基或二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;和
R9为二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;
或R3为下式的基团,
-(CH2)t-Z- (b-1)
其中
t为0、1或2;
Z为选自以下的杂环系统:
其中每个R10独立地为氢、C1-6烷基、氨基羰基、羟基、
C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基氨基、二(苯基C2-6烯基)、哌啶基C1-6烷基、C3-10环烷基、C3-10环烷基C1-6烷基、芳氧基(羟基)C1-6烷基、卤代吲唑基、芳基C1-6烷基、芳基C2-6烯基、吗啉代、C1-6烷基咪唑基、或吡啶基C1-6烷基氨基;
每个R11独立地为氢、羟基、哌啶基或芳基;
芳基为苯基或被卤代、C1-6烷基或C1-6烷氧基取代的苯基,
条件是不包括6-(环己基-1H-咪唑-1-基甲基)-3-甲基-2(1H)-喹喔啉酮。
当杂环系统Z包含-CH2-、-CH=、或-NH-部分时,取代基R10和R11或分子的其余部分可以连接于碳或氮原子,而在这种情况下,1或2个氢原子被置换。
式(I)的化合物也可以其互变异构形式存在。这种形式虽然没有在上式中表示,但是它们应当包括在本发明的范围内。
以下说明在前述定义和下文中使用的若干术语。这些术语有时单独使用,有时组合使用。
如前述定义和下文中使用的,卤代是一般性指氟代、氯代、溴代和碘代;C1-6烷基是指具有1到6个碳原子的直链和支链的饱和烃基,诸如例如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、1-甲基乙基、2-甲基丙基、1-甲基丁基、2-甲基戊基等;C1-6烷二基是指具有1到6个碳原子的直链和支链的二价饱和烃基,诸如例如,亚甲基、1,2-乙二基、1,3-丙二基、1,4-丁二基、1,5-戊二基、1,6-己二基及其支链异构体如2-甲基戊二基、3-甲基戊二基、2,2-二甲基丁二基、2,3-二甲基丁二基等;三卤代甲基是指包含三个相同或不同的卤代取代基的甲基,如三氟甲基;C2-6烯基是指包含一个双键并且具有2到6个碳原子的直链和支链的烃基,诸如例如乙烯基、2-丙烯基、3-丁烯基、2-戊烯基、3-戊烯基、3-甲基-2-丁烯基等;C3-10环烷基包括具有3到10个碳的环状烃基,如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环戊烯基、环己基、环己烯基、环庚基、环辛基等。
术语“加成盐”包括式(I)的化合物能够与有机碱或无机碱如胺、碱金属碱和碱土金属碱、或季铵碱形成的盐;或与有机酸或无机酸如无机酸、磺酸、羧酸或含磷的酸形成的盐。
术语“加成盐”进一步包括式(I)的化合物能够形成的可药用盐、金属络合物、和溶剂化物,以及它们的盐。
术语“可药用盐”是指可药用的酸加成盐或碱加成盐。如上所述的可药用的酸加成盐或碱加成盐包括式(I)的化合物能够形成的具有治疗活性的无毒酸和无毒碱的加成盐形式。可通过用适当的酸处理将具有碱性的式(I)化合物转化为它们的可药用的酸加成盐。适当的酸包括例如无机酸,如氢卤酸如盐酸或氢溴酸;硫酸;硝酸;磷酸等;或有机酸,诸如例如乙酸、丙酸、羟基乙酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸(即,丁二酸)、马来酸、富马酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、环己烷氨基磺酸、水杨酸、对氨基水杨酸、双羟萘酸等。
可以通过用适当的有机碱或无机碱处理将具有酸性的式(I)化合物转化为它们的可药用的碱加成盐。适当的碱加成盐形式包括例如铵盐、碱金属和碱土金属盐,如锂、钠、钾、镁、钙的盐等,与有机碱如N,N’-二苄基乙二胺(benzathine)、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺的盐,哈胺(hydrabamine)盐,和与氨基酸诸如例如精氨酸、赖氨酸等的盐。
术语酸加成盐或碱加成盐还包括式(I)的化合物能够形成的水合物和溶剂加成形式。这种形式的例子如水合物、醇化物等等。
术语“金属络合物”是指式(I)的化合物与一种或多种有机或无机金属盐之间形成的络合物。所述有机或无机盐的例子包括卤化物、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、三氯乙酸盐、丙酸盐、酒石酸盐、磺酸盐如甲磺酸盐、4-甲基苯磺酸盐、水杨酸盐、苯甲酸盐等,其由元素周期表第二主族金属形成,如镁或钙的盐、由第三或第四主族金属如铝、锡、铅形成,以及由元素周期表第一到第八过渡族如铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌等形成。
如上所述的术语“式(I)化合物的立体化学异构体形式”是指式(1)化合物可能具有的所有可能的化合物,这些化合物由通过相同键合顺序键合的相同原子构成但是具有不可互换的不同三维结构。除非另作说明或表明,化合物的化学命名包括所述化合物可能具有的所有可能的立体化学异构体形式的混合物。所述混合物可包含所述化合物的基本分子结构的所有非对映异构体和/或对映异构体。如药理学领域中常见的,一种对映异构体可具有优于其它异构体的药理学活性。式(I)化合物的所有的立体化学异构体形式,无论是纯的形式或是彼此混合的形式,都被包括在本发明的范围内。
式(I)化合物的N-氧化物形式包括其中一个或几个氮原子被氧化成所谓的N-氧化物的那些式(I)的化合物,特别是指其中哌啶、哌嗪或哒嗪基中的一个或多个氮被N-氧化的那些N-氧化物。
在下文使用时,术语“式(I)的化合物”也包括N-氧化物形式、可药用的酸加成盐或碱加成盐、以及所有的立体异构形式。
EP 371564中所述的化合物抑制视黄酸的血浆消除。出乎意料地,已经发现本发明的化合物表现出PARP抑制活性。
第一组感兴趣的化合物包括其中施加一个或多个以下限制的那些式(I)的化合物:
a)X为-N=或-CH=;
b)R1为C1-6烷基;
c)R3为氢、C1-6烷基、选自(a-1)、(a-2)、(a-3)或(a-4)的基团或式(b-1)的基团;
d)R6为二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基或C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基;
e)R7为氢;
f)R8为二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;
g)t为0或2;
h)Z为选自(c-1)、(c-5)、(c-6)、(c-8)、(c-10)、(c-12)或(c-13)的杂环系统;
i)每个R10独立地为氢、C1-6烷基、羟基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基氨基、吗啉代、C1-6烷基咪唑基、或吡啶基C1-6烷基氨基;
j)每个R11独立地为氢或羟基;和
k)芳基为苯基。
第二组感兴趣的化合物包括其中施加一个或多个以下限制的那些式(I)的化合物:
a)n为0;
b)X为CH;
c)Q为-NH-、-CH2-CH2-或-CHR5-,其中R5为氢、羟基、或芳基C1-6烷基;
d)R1为C1-6烷基;
e)R2为氢;
f)R3为氢、羟基或式(b-1)的基团;
g)t为0;
h)Z为选自(c-8)或(c-13)的杂环系统;
i)每个R10独立地为氢;
j)芳基为苯基。
第三组感兴趣的化合物包括其中Z为不同于式(c-2)或(c-4)的杂环系统的那些式(I)的化合物、第一组感兴趣的化合物或第二组感兴趣的化合物。
优选的化合物组包括定义如下的式(I)的化合物:其中X为-N=或-CH=;R1为C1-6烷基;R3为氢、C1-6烷基、选自(a-1)、(a-2)、(a-3)或(a-4)的基团或式(b-1)的基团;R6为二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基或C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基;R7为氢;R8为二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;t为0或2;Z为选自(c-1)、(c-5)、(c-6)、(c-8)、(c-10)、(c-12)或(c-13)的杂环系统;每个R10独立地为氢、C1-6烷基、羟基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷 氧基C1-6烷基氨基、吗啉代、C1-6烷基咪唑基、或吡啶基C1-6烷基氨基;每个R11独立地为氢或羟基;和芳基为苯基。
进一步优选的化合物组包括定义如下的式(I)的化合物:其中n为0;X为CH;Q为-NH-、-CH2-CH2-或-CHR5-,其中R为氢、羟基、或芳基C1-6烷基;R1为C1-6烷基;R2为氢;R3为氢、羟基或式(b-1)的基团;t为0;Z为选自(c-8)或(c-13)的杂环系统;每个R10独立地为氢;和芳基为苯基。
更进一步优选的化合物组包括其中Z为不同于式(c-2)或(c-4)的杂环系统的那些式(I)的化合物、优选的化合物组或进一步优选的化合物组。
最优选的化合物为化合物7、化合物2、化合物1和化合物11。
式(I)的化合物可以根据EP 371564中所述的通用方法制备。
这种制备方法中的一些在下文更详细地描述。得到最终的式(I)化合物的其它方法在实施例中描述。
其中R2为氢和R3为-NR7-CHO(其中R7为氢或甲基)的式(I)的化合物(本文称为式(I-b)的化合物),可以从其中R2与R3一起形成=O的式(I)的化合物(本文称为式(I-a)的化合物)在甲酰胺或甲基甲酰胺(本文称为式(II)的中间体)和甲酸的存在下开始制备。
其中R3为羟基的式(I)的化合物(本文称为式(I-c)的化合物)可以通过在适当的溶剂如甲醇和四氢呋喃中用适当的还原剂如硼氢化钠将式(I-a)的化合物的酮部分转化为羟基制备。
式(I-a)的化合物可以通过在适当的溶剂如丙酮中在适当的氧化剂如三氧化铬和酸如硫酸的存在下转化其中R2为氢的式(I-c)的化合物(本文称为式(I-c-1)的化合物)制备。
其中W为适当的离去基团诸如例如氯代、溴代、甲磺酰氧基或苯磺酰氧基的式(IV)的中间体可以通过用适当的试剂如甲磺酰氧基氯化物或苯磺酰氧基氯化物、或卤化试剂诸如例如POCl3或SOCl2处理式(I-c-1)的化合物,从式(I-c-1)的化合物制备。
其中Rb如R6中的定义和Rc如R7中的定义、或Rb和Rc与它们所连接的氮一起形成在Z中定义的适当的杂环系统的式(I)的化合物(本文 称为式(I-h)的化合物),可以通过使式(IV)的中间体与式(V)的中间体反应制备。反应可以在反应-惰性溶剂如二甲基甲酰胺或乙腈中和在非必要的适当的碱诸如例如碳酸钠、碳酸钾或三乙胺的存在下进行。
式(I)的化合物也可通过本领域中已知的反应或官能团转化,彼此进行转化。若干种这些转化已经在上文中描述。其它例子为羧酸酯水解为相应的羧酸或醇;酰胺水解为相应的羧酸或胺;腈水解为相应的酰胺;咪唑或苯基上的氨基可通过本领域中已知的重氮化反应和随后用氢置换重氮基而被氢置换;醇可以转化为酯和醚;伯胺可能转化为仲胺或叔胺;双键可以被氢化为相应的单键;苯基上的碘代基团可在适当的钯催化剂的存在下通过一氧化碳插入转化为酯基。
因此,式(I)、(I-a)、(I-b)、(I-c)、(I-c-1)、(I-h)、(I-i)、(I-j)和(I-k)的化合物可以任选地为以任何所需顺序进行的一种或多种以下转化的主体:
(i)将式(I)的化合物转化为不同的式(I)的化合物;
(ii)将式(I)的化合物转化为其相应的可接受的盐或N-氧化物;
(iii)将式(I)的化合物的可药用盐或N-氧化物转化为式(I)的母体化合物;
(iv)制备式(I)的化合物的立体化学异构体形式或其可药用盐或N-氧化物。
其中Rd和Re为适当的基团、或Rd和Re与它们所连接的碳一起形成如在Z中定义的适当的杂环系统的式(VII)的中间体可以通过将其中R3为式(b-1)的基团或式(a-1)的基团(其中s不为0)(本文称为Rg)的式(VI)的中间体通过本领域已知的方法水解而制备,如将中间体(VI)在反应惰性溶剂如四氢呋喃中在酸的水溶液中搅拌。适当的酸为例如盐酸。
其中R2为氢和Rg如上定义的式(I)的化合物(本文称为式(I-k)的化合物)可以从式(VII)的中间体开始制备,通过用适当的还原剂诸如例如用贵金属催化剂如炭载铂、炭载钯等和适当的还原剂如氢在适当的溶剂如甲醇中将所述中间体选择性氢化制备。
式(I)的化合物可以通过本领域已知的方法将式(VIII)的中间体水解而制备,通过在反应惰性溶剂如四氢呋喃的存在下使式(VIII)的中间体暴露于适当的试剂如氯化锡、乙酸和盐酸下制备。
式(I)的化合物可以从式(IX)的N-氧化物开始制备,通过适当时在溶剂如二氯甲烷中在适当的试剂如碳酸钠或乙酸酐的存在下将式(IX)的中间体转化制备。
也可以通过将式(X)的中间体环化得到其中X为CH的式(I)的化合物(本文称为式(I-j)的化合物)。式(X)的中间体的环化反应可根据本领域已知的环化方法进行。优选地,反应在适当的路易斯酸如纯氯化铝或在适当溶剂中的氯化铝的存在下进行,所述适当的溶剂诸如例如芳烃如苯、氯苯、甲苯等;卤代烃如三氯甲烷、四氯甲烷等;醚如四氢呋喃、1,4-二氧杂环己烷等;或这种溶剂的混合物。略高的温度,优选70℃-100℃和搅拌可能增加反应速率。
其中X为N的式(I)的化合物(本文称为式(I-i)的化合物)可以通过将适当的式(XI)的邻苯二胺与其中Rh为C1-6烷基的式(XII)的酯缩合得到。式(XI)的取代的邻二胺和式(XII)的酯的缩合可以在羧酸如乙酸等;无机酸诸如例如盐酸、硫酸;或磺酸诸如例如甲磺酸、苯磺酸、4-甲基苯磺酸等的存在下进行。略高的温度可以适当地增加反应速率并且在一些情况中反应甚至可以在反应混合物的回流温度下进行。在缩合过程中释放的水可以通过共沸蒸馏、蒸馏等方法从混合物中除去。
式(XI)的中间体的制备可以从式(XIII)的中间体开始,在适当的溶剂如甲醇中在金属催化剂如阮内镍(Raney Nickel)和适当的还原剂如氢的存在下从硝基到胺的还原反应制备。
式(XIII)的中间体可以通过本领域中已知的方法水解式(XIV)的中间体制备,如将中间体(XIV)在反应惰性溶剂如四氢呋喃的存在下在酸的水溶液中搅拌制备。适当的酸为例如盐酸。
式(X)的中间体可以方便地通过在碱如吡啶的存在下在适当的溶剂如二氯甲烷中,式(XV)的苯胺与式(XVI)的卤化物的反应制备。
其中n为0、R2为氢或羟基和当R2为氢时R3为羟基的式(VIII)的中间体(本文称为式(VIII-a)的中间体)可以通过在反应惰性溶剂如四氢呋喃中用有机锂试剂如正丁基锂处理其中W为卤代的式(XVII)的中间体,并且随后使所述中间体与其中R1为氢或在R3中定义的基团的式(XVIII)的中间体反应而制备。
本发明还涉及用作药物的如上定义的式(I)的化合物。
从以下的实验部分可见,本发明的化合物具有PARP抑制性质。
本发明还考虑了化合物在制备用于治疗本文所述的动物中的疾病和病症中的任一种的药物中的应用,其中所述化合物为式(I)的化合物
及其N-氧化物形式、可药用的加成盐和立体化学异构体形式,其中
n为0或1;
s为0或1;
X为-N=或-CR4=,其中R4为氢或可与R1一起形成式-CH=CH-CH=CH-的二价基;
Y为-N<或-CH<;
Q为-NH-、-O-、-C(O)-、-CH2-CH2-或-CHR5-,
其中R5为氢、羟基、C1-6烷基、芳基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基羰基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基氨基或卤代吲唑基;
R1为C1-6烷基或噻吩基;
R2为氢或可与R3一起形成=O;
R3为氢、C1-6烷基或选自以下的基团:
-NR6R7 (a-1),
-O-H (a-2),
-O-R8 (a-3),
-S-R9 (a-4),或
-C≡N (a-5),
其中
R6为-CHO、C1-6烷基、羟基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基羰基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基羰基氨基C1-6烷基、哌啶基C1-6烷基、哌啶基C1-6烷基氨基羰基、C1-6烷氧基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基、噻吩基C1-6烷基、吡咯基C1-6烷基、芳基C1-6烷基哌啶基、芳基羰基C1-6烷基、芳基羰基哌啶基C1-6烷基、卤代吲唑基(indozolyl)哌啶基C1-6烷基、或芳基C1-6烷基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;和
R7为氢或C1-6烷基;
R8为C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基羰基或二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;和
R9为二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;
或R3为下式的基团,
-(CH2)t-Z- (b-1)
其中
t为0、1或2;
Z为选自以下的杂环系统,
其中每个R10独立地为氢、C1-6烷基、氨基羰基、羟基、
C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基氨基、二(苯基C2-6烯基)、哌啶基C1-6烷基、C3-10环烷基、C3-10环烷基C1-6烷基、芳氧基(羟基)C1-6烷基、卤代吲唑基、芳基C1-6烷基、芳基C2-6烯基、吗啉代、C1-6烷基咪唑基、或吡啶基C1-6烷基氨基;
每个R11独立地为氢、羟基、哌啶基或芳基;
芳基为苯基或被卤代、C1-6烷基或C1-6烷氧基取代的苯基。
考虑到它们的PARP结合性质,本发明的化合物可用作参考化合物或示踪化合物,在示踪化合物的情况中,分子中的一个原子被替换为例如放射性同位素。
为了制备本发明的药物组合物,将有效量的碱加成盐或酸加成盐形式的特定化合物作为活性组分与可药用载体紧密混合,所述载体可采取多种形式,根据给药所需的制剂形式而定。这些药物组合物可理 想地为优选适用于口服、直肠、经皮或通过非肠道注射给药的单位剂型。例如在制备口服剂型的组合物时,可使用任何常用的药用介质,诸如例如,在口服液体制剂如悬浮液、糖浆、酏剂和溶液的情况中使用水、二醇、油类、醇等;在粉末、丸剂、胶囊和片剂的情况中使用固体载体如淀粉、糖、高岭土、润滑剂、粘合剂、崩解剂等。由于容易给药,片剂和胶囊为最有利的口服剂型,在这种情况中,显然使用固体药用载体。对于非肠道组合物,载体通常包括无菌水、至少大部分地包括无菌水,还可包括例如有助于可溶性的其它组分。可以制备例如可注射溶液,其中载体包括盐溶液、葡萄糖溶液、或盐水和葡萄糖溶液的混合物。也可制备可注射悬浮液,在这种情况中,可使用适当的液体载体、助悬剂等。在适用于经皮给药的组合物中,载体任选地包括渗透增强剂和/或适当的润湿剂,它们非必要地与小比例的具有任何性质的适当添加剂组合,所述添加剂不对皮肤引起显著的有害作用。所述添加剂可便于对皮肤给药和/或可有助于制备所需组合物。这些组合物可通过多种方式给药,如作为透皮贴片、作为局部处理剂(spot-on)、作为膏剂。特别有利的是配制便于剂量给药和均匀性的剂量单元形式的上述药物组合物。用于本说明书和权利要求中的剂量单元形式是指适合作为单位剂量的物理上非连续的单元,每个单元包含与所需药用载体结合的计划产生所需治疗作用的预定量的活性组分。这种剂量单元形式的例子为片剂(包括刻痕片或包衣片)、胶囊、丸剂、粉末袋、糯米纸囊剂、可注射溶液或悬浮液、茶匙量制剂、大汤匙量制剂等、及其分开的多匙量制剂。
本发明的化合物可治疗或预防由于坏死或细胞程序死亡所致细胞损伤或死亡所引起的组织损伤;可以改善神经或心血管组织损伤,包括下述的局部缺血、心肌梗塞、和再灌注损伤;可以治疗由PARP活性引起或加剧的多种疾病和状况;可以延长或增加细胞的寿命或增殖能力;可以改变老年化细胞的基因表达;可以辐射敏化和/或化学敏化细胞。通常,PARP活性的抑制使细胞免受能量损失、在神经细胞的情况中预防神经元的不可逆去极化,因此提供神经保护。
由于前述原因,本发明另外涉及以足够的量给药治疗有效量的上述化合物以用于以下情形的方法:用于抑制PARP活性;用于治疗或预防由于坏死或细胞程序死亡所致的细胞损伤或死亡所引起的组织损 伤;用于影响不由NMDA毒性介导的神经元活性;用于影响由NMDA毒性介导的神经元活性;用于治疗由缺血和再灌注损伤、神经性障碍和神经变性疾病产生的神经组织损伤;用于预防或治疗血管性卒中;用于治疗或预防心血管病症;用于治疗其它状况和/或病症如年龄相关性肌肉变性、AIDS和其它免疫老年化疾病、炎症、痛风、关节炎、动脉粥样硬化、恶病质、癌、涉及复制老年化的骨骼肌变性疾病、糖尿病、头外伤、炎性肠病(如结肠炎和克罗恩氏病)、肌营养不良、骨关节炎、骨质疏松症、慢性和/或急性疼痛(如神经病变性痛)、肾衰、视网膜缺血、脓毒性休克(如内毒素性休克)、和皮肤老化;用于延长细胞的寿命和增殖能力;用于改变老年化细胞的基因表达;化学敏化和/或辐射敏化(低含氧量的)肿瘤细胞。本发明还涉及治疗动物中的疾病和状况,其包括对所述动物给用治疗有效量的上述化合物。
特别地,本发明涉及治疗、预防或抑制动物中的神经性障碍的方法,包括对所述动物给用治疗有效量的上述化合物。神经性障碍选自由物理伤害或疾病状态引起的周围神经病、外伤性脑损伤、对脊髓的物理性损害、与脑损伤有关的中风、局部缺血、全心缺血(global ischemia)、再灌注损伤、与神经变性有关的脱髓鞘疾病和神经性障碍。
本发明还考虑了式(1)的化合物用于以下应用:用于抑制PARP活性;用于治疗、预防或抑制由坏死或细胞程序死亡所致的细胞损伤或死亡所引起的组织损伤;用于治疗、预防或抑制动物中的神经性障碍。
术语“预防神经变性”包括在新近被诊断为具有神经变性疾病或处于形成新的变性疾病危险下的患者中预防神经变性的能力,和用于在已经患有或具有神经变性疾病症状的患者中进一步预防神经变性的能力。
如本文中使用的,术语“治疗”包括动物特别是人类中的疾病和/或状况的任何治疗,其包括(i)预防疾病和/或状况在可能倾向于该痰病和/或状况但是还没有被诊断为患有该疾病和/或状况的受试者中的发生;(ii)抑制该疾病和/或状况,即阻止其发展;(iii)缓解该疾病和/或状况,即引起该疾病和/或状况的消退。
如本文中使用的,术语“辐射敏化剂”是指这样的分子,优选为小分子量的分子,它们以治疗有效量对动物给药,以增加细胞对电离辐射的敏感性和/或促进可用电离辐射进行治疗的疾病的治疗。可通过 电离辐射治疗的疾病包括瘤形成疾病、良性和恶性肿瘤和癌性细胞。本发明还考虑了在本文中没有列举的其它疾病的电离辐射治疗。
如本文中使用的,术语“化学敏化剂”是指这样的分子,优选为小分子量的分子,它们以治疗有效量对动物给药,以增加细胞对化学治疗的敏感性和/或促进可用化疗进行治疗的疾病的治疗。可通过化疗进行治疗的痰病包括瘤形成疾病、良性和恶性肿瘤和癌性细胞。本发明还考虑了在本文中没有列举的其它疾病的化疗治疗。
本发明的化合物、组合物和方法对于治疗或预防由坏死或细胞程序死亡所致的细胞死亡或损伤所引起的组织损伤特别有用。
本发明的化合物可为“抗癌剂”,该术语还包括“抗肿瘤细胞生长剂”和“抗肿瘤剂”。例如,本发明的方法可用于治疗癌和化学敏化和/或辐射敏化癌中的肿瘤细胞,所述癌如ACTH生成肿瘤、急性淋巴细胞性白血病、急性非淋巴细胞性白血病、肾上腺皮质癌、膀胱癌、脑癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性粒细胞性白血病、结直肠癌、皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤、子宫内膜癌、食道癌、尤因氏肉瘤、胆囊癌、毛细胞性白血病、头和颈癌、霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、卡波济氏肉瘤、肾癌、肝癌、肺癌(小细胞肺癌和/或非小细胞肺癌)、恶性腹膜腔积液、恶性胸膜腔积液、黑素瘤、间皮瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、成神经细胞瘤、非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤、骨肉瘤、卵巢癌、卵巢(生殖细胞)癌、前列腺癌、胰腺癌、阴茎癌、视网膜母细胞瘤、皮肤癌、软组织肉瘤、鳞状细胞癌、胃癌、睾丸癌、甲状腺癌、滋养层瘤、子宫癌、阴道癌、外阴癌和维尔姆斯瘤。
因此,本发明的化合物可用作“辐射敏化剂”和/或“化学敏化剂”。
已知辐射敏化剂增加癌性细胞对电离辐射毒性作用的敏感性。辐射敏化剂作用方式的几个机制已经在文献中提出,其包括:低含氧量细胞的辐射敏化剂(如,2-硝基咪唑化合物和苯并三唑二氧化物化合物),在低含氧量条件下模拟氧或者象生物还原剂一样起作用;非低含氧量细胞的辐射敏化剂(如,卤化的嘧啶)可为DNA碱基的类似物并且优先被结合到癌细胞的DNA中,从而促进DNA分子的辐射诱导断裂和/或预防正常的DNA修复机制;和已经假设用于疾病治疗的辐射敏化剂的多种其它可能的作用机理。许多癌治疗方案目前采用与X-射线辐射相结合的辐射敏化剂。X-射线活化的辐射敏化剂的例子包括但不限 于以下:甲硝唑、米索硝唑、去甲基米索硝唑、哌莫硝唑、依他硝唑、尼莫唑、丝裂霉素C、RSU 1069、SR 4233、EO9、RB 6145、烟酰胺、5-溴脱氧尿苷(BUdR)、5-碘尿脱氧尿苷(IUdR)、溴代脱氧胞苷、氟代脱氧尿苷(FudR)、羟基脲、顺铂、及其治疗有效的类似物和衍生物。
癌症的光动力学治疗(PDT)采用可见光作为敏化剂的辐射活化剂。光动力学辐射敏化剂的例子包括但不限于以下:血卟啉衍生物、Photofrin、苯并卟啉衍生物、初卟啉锡、pheoborbide-a、细菌叶绿素-a、naphthalocyanines、酞菁、酞菁锌、及其治疗有效的类似物和衍生物。
辐射敏化剂可与治疗有效量的一种或多种其它化合物结合给药,所述其它化合物包括但不限于:促进辐射敏化剂结合于靶细胞的化合物;控制治疗剂、营养素和/或氧向靶细胞的流动的化合物;在有或者没有附加辐射存在下作用于肿瘤的化学治疗剂;或其它用于治疗癌或其它疾病的治疗有效的化合物。可用于与辐射敏化剂结合的另外的治疗剂的例子包括但不限于:5-氟尿嘧啶、亚叶酸、5′-氨基-5′-脱氧胸苷、氧、碳氧混合气(carbogen)、红细胞输液、全氟化碳(如,Fluosol 10DA)、2,3-DPG、BW12C、钙通道阻断剂、pentoxyfylline、抗血管生成化合物、肼屈嗪和LBSO。可用于与辐射敏化剂结合的化学治疗剂的例子包括但不限于:多柔比星、喜树碱、卡铂、顺铂、柔红霉素、多西他赛、多柔比星、干扰素(α、β、γ)、白细胞介素-2、伊立替康、紫杉醇、拓扑替康、及其治疗有效的类似物和衍生物。
化学敏化剂可与治疗有效量的一种或多种其它化合物结合给药,所述其它化合物包括但不限于:促进化学敏化剂对靶细胞结合的化合物;控制治疗剂、营养素、和/或氧向靶细胞流动的化合物;作用于肿瘤的化学治疗剂或用于其它治疗癌症或其它痰病的治疗有效的化合物。可用于与化学敏化剂结合的另外的治疗剂的例子包括但不限于:甲基化剂、拓扑异构酶I抑制剂和其它化学治疗剂如顺铂和博来霉素。
式(1)的化合物也可用于检测或鉴定PARP,更具体地检测或鉴定PARP-1受体。为此,可将式(I)的化合物进行标记。所述标记可选自放射性同位素、自旋标记、抗原标记、酶标记荧光基团或化学发光基团。
本领域技术人员可以容易地从以下提供的试验结果确定有效量。通常,认为有效量为0.01mg/kg体重到100mg/kg体重,并且具体地为 0.05mg/kg体重到10mg/kg体重。将所需剂量在一天中以适当间隔的两个、三个、四个或更多个亚剂量给药也是适当的。所述亚剂量可配制为单位剂型,例如每单位剂型包含0.5到500mg,更具体地为1mg到200mg的活性组分。
具体实施方式
以下实施例说明本发明。
实验部分
在下文中,“BuLi”定义为丁基锂,“DCM”定义为二氯甲烷,“DIPE”定义为二异丙基醚,“DMF”定义为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,“DMSO”定义为二甲基亚砜,“EtOAc”定义为乙酸乙酯,“EtOH”定义为乙醇,“MEK”定义为甲基乙基酮,“MeOH”定义为甲醇,“THF”定义为四氢呋喃。
A.中间体化合物的制备
实施例A1
a)中间体1和2的制备
将氯化铝(0.6928mol)分批加入到氯乙酰氯(0.5196mol)的DCM(50.2ml)溶液中,同时保持温度低于30℃。加入3-乙基-2(1H)-喹啉酮(0.1732mol),同时保持温度低于30℃。将混合物搅拌并回流15小时,冷却并倾入到冰水中。将沉淀物过滤,用水洗并溶解在DCM中。搅拌有机溶液并过滤。将沉淀物干燥,得到33.5g的中间体1。提取滤液,分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并将溶剂蒸发至干燥,得到20.46g的中间体2。
b)中间体3的制备
在室温下将哌啶(0.24mol)滴加到中间体1和中间体2的 DMF(300ml)溶液中。将混合物搅拌5分钟,倾倒在水中并用DCM提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并蒸发溶剂至干燥。残余物(39.14g)通过硅胶(20-45μm)上的柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH为96/4/0.2)。收集纯级分并将溶剂蒸发。将残余物(13.8g)的一部分(3.7g)从丙酮结晶。将沉淀物过滤并用乙醚洗并干燥,得到3g的中间体3,熔点190℃。
实施例A2
a)中间体4的制备
在-60℃下在N2流下将nBuLi(1.6M,在己烷中,0.0764mol)滴加到6-溴-3-乙基-2-甲氧基喹啉(0.0694mol)在THF(185ml)中的混合物中。将混合物在-60℃搅拌1小时,然后在-60℃下将其滴加到N-甲氧基-N-甲基-环庚烷甲酰胺(0.0694mol)在乙醚(100ml)中的混合物中。将混合物在-60℃搅拌1小时,然后回温到0℃,倾倒在饱和NH4Cl溶液中并用EtOAc提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。产物不经进一步纯化即可使用,得到21.61g(定量)的中间体4。
b)中间体5的制备
将中间体4(0.0694mol)在盐酸3N(317ml)和THF(159ml)中的混合物搅拌并回流过夜。将混合物倾倒在冰上,用浓NH4OH溶液碱化并用EtOAc提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。产物不经进一步纯化即可使用,得到17.59g(85%)的中间体5。
c)中间体6的制备
在0℃下在N2流下将硼氢化钠(0.0296mol)分批加入到中间体5(0.0591mol)在MeOH(176ml)中的混合物中。将混合物倾倒在冰上并 用DCM提取。将沉淀物过滤并干燥。产物不经进一步纯化即可使用,得到6.38g(36%)的中间体6。
d)中间体7的制备
在0℃下将中间体6(0.0213mol)分批加入到二氯亚砜(32ml)中。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。蒸发溶剂至干燥。产品不经进一步纯化即可使用,得到6.77g(定量)的中间体7。
实施例A3
a)中间体8的制备
使用阮内镍(60g)作为催化剂,在室温下在3巴的压力下将N-甲氧基-N-甲基-4-硝基苯乙酰胺(0.534mol)在MeOH(1200ml)中的混合物氢化1小时。在吸收H2(3当量)之后,滤掉催化剂并将滤液蒸发,得到102g(98%)的中间体8。
b)中间体9的制备
在室温下将乙酸酐(1.36mol)滴加到中间体8(0.525mol)在DCM(100ml)中的混合物中。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。加入水并将混合物用DCM提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。残余物(151.6g)通过硅胶(20-45μm)上的柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH为95/5/0.1)。收集纯级分并将溶剂蒸发,得到32g(26%)的中间体9。
c)中间体10的制备
在0℃下在N2流下将甲基锂(1.6M,74ml)加入到中间体9(0.059mol)在THF(210ml)中的混合物中。将混合物在0℃搅拌90分钟,倾倒在水中并用EtOAc提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。残余物通过硅胶(20-45μm)上的柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH为96/4/0.1)。收集所需级分并将溶剂蒸发,得到7g(33%)的中间体10。
d)中间体11的制备
在低于30℃的温度下将发烟硝酸(5.6ml)滴加到中间体10(0.037mol)在乙酸酐(100ml)中的混合物中。将混合物在低于30℃的温度下搅拌1小时,倾倒在冰水中,用浓NH4OH溶液碱化并用DCM提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。残余物通过硅胶(15-35μm)上的柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH为99/1)。收集所需级分并将溶剂蒸发,得到4g的中间体11。
e)中间体12的制备
在5℃下将硼氢化钠(0.0187mol)分批加入到中间体11(0.017mol)在MeOH(50ml)中的混合物中。将混合物在5℃搅拌,用水水解并用DCM提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发,得到4.2g(定量)的中间体12。
f)中间体13的制备
将中间体12(0.0176mol)在2N氢氧化钠(65ml)、THF(25ml)和EtOH(25ml)中的混合物在室温下搅拌15小时,倾倒在水中并用EtOAc提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发,得到3g(86%) 的中间体13。
g)中间体14的制备
在室温下将三乙胺(0.03mol)加入到中间体13(0.015mol)在DCM(40ml)中的混合物中。在0℃下在N2流下加入甲磺酰氯(0.015mol)。将混合物在0℃搅拌1小时并在室温下搅拌3小时。在室温下蒸发溶剂。产物不经进一步纯化即可使用,得到(定量的)中间体14。
h)中间体15的制备
将中间体14(0.015mol)、4-哌啶羧酸乙酯(0.045mol)和碳酸钾(0.045mol)在乙腈(100ml)中的混合物搅拌并回流15小时,倾倒在水中并用EtOAc提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。残余物通过硅胶(15-35μm)上的柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH为97/3/0.1),收集纯级分并将溶剂蒸发,得到0.7g(14%)的中间体15。
i)中间体16的制备
使用阮内镍(0.7g)作为催化剂,在室温下在3巴的压力下将中间体15(0.002mol)在甲醇(50ml)中的混合物氢化一小时。在吸收H2(3当量)之后,使催化剂通过硅藻土过滤,用MeOH和少量的DCM洗并将滤液蒸发,得到0.65g(定量)的中间体16。
实施例A4
中间体17的制备
在-60℃下在N2流下将nBuLi(1.6M,在己烷中,0.148mol)滴加到6-溴-3-乙基-2-甲氧基喹啉(0.114mol)在THF(500ml)中的混合物中并将混合物在-60℃下搅拌1小时。在-60℃下滴加在THF(100ml)中的环己烷甲醛(0.137mol),在-60℃下搅拌2小时,然后在-40℃再搅拌1小时。将混合物倾倒在饱和NH4Cl中并用EtOAc提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。产物不经进一步纯化即可使用,得到34.13g(定量)的中间体17。
b)中间体18的制备
将中间体17(0.114mol)在盐酸3N(250ml)和THF(250ml)中的混合物搅拌并回流24小时。将混合物冷却并加入DCM(200ml)。将沉淀物过滤,用水洗并干燥。产物不经进一步纯化即可使用,得到12.5g(39%)的中间体18。
c)中间体19的制备
在0℃下将中间体18(0.035mol)分批加入到二氯亚砜(56.23ml)中。混合物在室温下搅拌3小时并将溶剂蒸发。残余物从乙醚结晶。将沉淀物过滤并用乙醚洗涤若干次,并从水和DCM重结晶。将混合物搅拌15小时。将沉淀物过滤并干燥,得到7.9g(75%)中间体19。
d)中间体20的制备
在室温下在N2流下将4,4-哌啶二醇盐酸盐(0.0651mol)和碳酸钾(0.217mol)在DMF(250ml)中的溶液搅拌10分钟。慢慢地加入中间体 19(0.0434mol)的DMF(50ml)溶液,并将混合物在室温下搅拌1小时,然后在70℃搅拌一小时。将混合物冷却到室温并倾倒在水(1500ml)中。将沉淀物过滤,用冷水洗涤若干次并干燥。产物不经进一步纯化用于下一反应阶段。将残余物(13.8g)的一部分(3g)通过硅胶(15-40μm)上的柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH为99/1/0.1)。收集所需级分并将溶剂蒸发。残余物(2.9g)从MEK/DIPE结晶,过滤并干燥,得到2.85g的中间体20。
实施例A5
a)中间体21的制备
在-60℃下在N2流下将nBuLi(1.6M,在己烷中,0.0516mol)滴加到6-溴-3-乙基-2-甲氧基喹啉(0.043mol)在THF(115ml)中的混合物中。将混合物在-60℃下搅拌1小时。在-60℃下滴加1-环己基-3-(4-甲基-1-哌嗪基)-1-丙酮(0.043mol)在THF(103ml)中的混合物。将混合物在-60℃搅拌1小时,回温到0℃,倾倒在饱和NH4Cl溶液中并用EtOAc提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。残余物通过硅胶(20-45μm)上的柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH为97/3/0.2和90/10/0.2)。收集纯级分并将溶剂蒸发,得到3.7g(20%)的中间体21。
b)中间体22的制备
将中间体21(0.00841mol),氯化锡(II)(0.0336mol)和12N盐酸(0.121mol)在乙酸(36ml)中的混合物在80℃搅拌16小时。将混合物倾倒在冰上,用浓NH4OH溶液碱化并用DCM提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。产物不经进一步纯化即可使用,得到2.45g(74%)的中间体22。
实施例A6
a)中间体23的制备
在5℃下将磷酰氯(110.9ml)滴加到DMF(81.5ml)中。搅拌混合物直到完全溶解。加入4-[(1-氧代丁基)氨基]-苯甲酸乙酯(0.34mol)。将混合物在100℃搅拌15小时,然后冷却到室温并倾倒在冰水中。将沉淀物过滤,用水洗并干燥,得到42.35g(47%)的中间体23。
b)中间体24的制备
将中间体23(0.1606mol)在甲醇钠的30%的MeOH(152.8ml)溶液和MeOH(400ml)中的混合物搅拌并回流15小时,然后冷却并倾倒在冰水中。将沉淀物过滤,用水洗并溶解在DCM中。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并蒸发溶剂至干燥,得到31.64g(85%)的中间体24。
c)中间体25的制备
在0℃下在N2流下将四氢铝锂(0.1288mol)分批加入到中间体24(0.1288mol)的TRF(263ml)溶液中。将混合物搅拌30分钟,倾倒在冰水中并用DCM提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并蒸发溶剂至干燥,得到27.4g(98%)的中间体25。
d)中间体26的制备
在0℃下在N2流下将甲磺酰氯(0.104mol)滴加到中间体25(0.069mol)和三乙胺(0.207mol)在DCM(120ml)中的混合物中。将混合物在0℃下搅拌4小时。蒸发溶剂至干燥(不加热)。产物不经进一步纯化即可使用,得到20.4g的中间体26。
e)中间体27的制备
将中间体26(0.0691mol)、1-(苯基甲基)-哌嗪(0.0829mol)和碳酸钾(0.145mol)在乙腈(150ml)中的混合物搅拌并回流12小时。蒸发溶剂至干燥。将残余物溶解在DCM和水中。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。残余物(24.6g)通过硅胶(20-45μm)上的柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH为98/2/0.1)。收集纯级分并将溶剂蒸发。残余物(2.7g)从DIPE结晶。将沉淀物过滤并干燥,得到1.6g的中间体27,熔点78℃。
实施例A7
a)中间体28的制备
在-78℃下在N2流下将nBuLi(1.6M,在己烷中,0.224mol)滴加到6-溴-3-乙基-2-甲氧基喹啉(0.188mol)的THF(500ml)溶液中。混合物在-78℃搅拌1小时。在-78℃下滴加3-环己烯-1-甲醛(0.182mol)在THF(500ml)中的混合物。将混合物在-78℃搅拌2小时,然后回温到0℃,水解并用EtOAc提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。残余物(58.9g)通过硅胶(20-45μm)上的柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:DCM/EtOAc为96/4)。收集纯级分并将溶剂蒸发,得到40.5g(72%)的中间体28。
b)中间体29的制备
将中间体28(0.131mol)在3N盐酸(400ml)和THF(400ml)中的混合物在60℃搅拌过夜,然后用碳酸钾固体碱化。将沉淀物过滤,用DCM洗并干燥。滤液用DCM提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。残余物从DCM结晶。将沉淀物过滤并干燥。残余物(16.5g)的一部分(1.5g)溶解在MeOH中。将混合物搅拌过夜。将沉淀物过滤并干燥,得到0.72g的中间体29,熔点212℃。
c)中间体30的制备
在0℃下将中间体29(0.053mol)慢慢地加入到二氯亚砜(150ml)中。混合物在室温下搅拌4小时。蒸发溶剂至干燥。残余物在DCM中被溶解若干次。蒸发溶剂。产物不经进一步纯化即可使用,得到16g(定量)的中间体30。
d)中间体31的制备
在室温下在N2流下将4,4-哌啶二醇盐酸盐(0.079mol)和碳酸钾(0.265mol)在DMF(200ml)中的溶液搅拌10分钟。慢慢地加入中间体30(0.053mol)的DMF(200ml)溶液。将混合物在室温下搅拌1小时,然后倾倒在水中。将沉淀物过滤,用水洗涤若干次并用DCM提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。残余物(19.2g)通过硅胶(15-40μm)上的柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH为96/4/0.2)。收集纯级分并将溶剂蒸发,得到11.4g(59%)的中间体31。
实施例A8
a)中间体32的制备
在-60℃下在N2流下将nBuLi(1.6M,在己烷中,0.154mol)滴加到6-溴-3-乙基-2-甲氧基喹啉(0.118mol)在THF(314ml)中的混合物中并将混合物在-60℃下搅拌1小时。在-60℃下滴加在THF(100ml)中的2-噻吩甲醛(0.142mol)。混合物在-60℃搅拌2小时,然后在-40℃搅拌1小时,倾倒在饱和NH4Cl溶液中并用EtOAc提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。产物不经进一步纯化即可使用,得到 35.37g(定量)的中间体32。
b)中间体33的制备
将中间体32(0。118mol)在3N盐酸(426ml)和THF(274ml)中的混合物在70℃搅拌6小时。将混合物倾倒在冰上,用NH4OH溶液碱化并用EtOAc提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。残余物通过硅胶(20-45μm)上的柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH为98/2)。收集纯级分并将溶剂蒸发。得到9.3g(28%)的中间体33。
d)中间体34的制备
在0℃下将中间体33(0.0322mol)加入到二氯亚砜(46ml)中。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。蒸发溶剂至干燥。产物不经进一步纯化即可使用,得到9.78g(定量)的中间体34。
d)中间体35的制备
将碳酸钾(0.161mol)加入到4,4-哌啶二醇盐酸盐(0.0483mol)在乙腈(74ml)中的混合物中。将混合物在N2流下搅拌15分钟。在室温下加入中间体34(0.0322mol)在乙腈(98ml)中的混合物。将混合物在60℃搅拌过夜,倾倒在水中并用DCM提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。残余物通过硅胶(15-40μm)上的柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH为97/3/0.1)。收集纯级分并将溶剂蒸发,得到0.46g(4%)的中间体35。
B.最终化合物的制备
实施例B1
化合物1的制备
在0℃下在N2流下将硼氢化钠(0.0318mol)加入到中间体3(0.0245mol)的MeOH(80ml)溶液中。将混合物搅拌30分钟。加入水(10ml)。将有机溶剂蒸发。将含水浓缩液溶解在DCM和水中并进行混合物的提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发至干燥。残余物(7.5g)的一部分(3g)从丙酮和少量的MeOH结晶。将沉淀物过滤并干燥,得到2.69g的化合物1,熔点172℃。
实施例B2
化合物2的制备
将碳酸钾(0.107mol)加入到4,4-哌啶二醇盐酸盐(0.032mol)在乙腈(49ml)中的混合物中。将混合物在N2流下搅拌15分钟。加入中间体7(0.0213mol)在乙腈(68ml)中的混合物。将混合物在60℃下搅拌3小时,然后倾倒在水中并用DCM提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。残余物通过硅胶上(15-40μm)的柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH为98.5/1.5/0.1)。收集纯级分并将溶剂蒸发。残余物从乙醚结晶。将沉淀物过滤并干燥,得到4.16g(51%)的化合物2,熔点218℃。
实施例B3
化合物3的制备
将中间体16(0.002mol)和2-氧代丁酸乙酯(0.004mol)在EtOH(15ml)中的混合物搅拌并回流2.5小时,倾倒在水中并用DCM提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。残余物(0.9g)通过硅胶(15-40μm)上的柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:环己烷/异丙醇/NH4OH为85/15/1)。收集纯级分并将溶剂蒸发。残余物从乙醚结晶。将沉淀物过滤并干燥,得到0.054g的化合物3,熔点163℃。
实施例4
化合物4的制备
将氢化钠(0.42g)在THF(10.5ml)中的混合物在室温下搅拌10分钟。然后将THF倾析掉。加入DMSO(32ml),然后加入碘化三甲基氧化锍(0.013mol)。将混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。慢慢地加入中间体20(0.0114mol)。将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。加入水并将混合物用DCM提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。残余物从丙酮/乙醚结晶。将沉淀物过滤并干燥。残余物从丙酮/乙醚重结晶。将沉淀物过滤并干燥,得到1.54g(36%)的化合物4,熔点200℃。
实施例B5
化合物5的制备
使用Pd/C 10%(0.25g)作为催化剂,在室温下在3巴压力下将中间 体22(0.00623mol)在MeOH(25ml)中的混合物氢化8小时。在吸收H2(1当量)之后,将催化剂通过硅藻土过滤并将滤液蒸发。将残余物溶解在水和浓NH4OH溶液中并将混合物用DCM提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。残余物通过硅胶(15-40μm)上的柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH为94/6/0.3)。收集纯级分并将溶剂蒸发。残余物从丙酮结晶。将沉淀物过滤并干燥,得到1.07g(43%)的化合物5,熔点181℃。
实施例B6
化合物6的制备
在-70℃下在N2流下将nBuLi(1.6M,在己烷中,21.32ml)滴加到1-甲基-1H-咪唑(0.0341mol)在THF(28ml)中的混合物中。将混合物在-70℃搅拌30分钟。加入三乙基氯硅烷(0.0341mol)。使混合物回温到室温。在-70℃下滴加nBuLi(1.6M,在己烷中,21.32ml)。将混合物在-70℃搅拌1小时,然后回温到-15℃。在-70℃下滴加中间体20(0.0136mol)在THF(50ml)中的混合物。使混合物过夜回温到室温,然后倾倒在饱和NH4Cl溶液中并用EtOAc提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。残余物通过硅胶(20-45μm)上的柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH为94/6/0.5)。收集纯级分并将溶剂蒸发。残余物从丙酮结晶。将沉淀物过滤并干燥,得到5.05g(83%)的化合物6,熔点194℃。
实施例B7
化合物7的制备
将中间体27(0.00319mol)在6N盐酸(70ml)中的混合物在80℃搅拌 30分钟,倾倒在水(50ml)和碳酸钾固体中。将混合物搅拌10分钟。将沉淀物过滤,用水漂洗并干燥,得到0.9g(78%)的化合物7,熔点194℃。
实施例B8
a)化合物8的制备
将中间体19(0.0164mol)在2-(二甲基氨基)-乙醇(50ml)中的混合物搅拌并回流2小时。将混合物倾倒在水中并用DCM提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。残余物(16g)通过硅胶(15-40μm)上的柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH为94/6/0.5)。收集纯级分。使混合物结晶几天(产生沉淀)。将沉淀物过滤,溶解在石油醚中,过滤并干燥,得到2.8g(48%)的化合物8,熔点122℃。
b)化合物9和10的制备
将化合物8(0.02244mol)通过柱色谱法分离为其对映异构体(洗脱液:己烷/异丙醇为88/12;柱:CHIRALPAK AD)。收集纯级分并将溶剂蒸发。残余物从己烷和石油醚结晶。过滤沉淀物并干燥,得到2.2g的化合物9,熔点115℃,和2.02g的化合物10,熔点115℃。
实施例B9
化合物11的制备
在0℃下在N2流下将氰基硼氢化钠(0.02mol)分批加入到中间体31(0.02mol)和2-甲氧基乙胺(0.024mol)在MeOH(100mol)中的溶液中。将混合物在室温下搅拌12小时。加入水并将混合物用DCM提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。残余物(9.7g)通过硅胶(20-45μm)上的柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH为93/7/0.5)。收集纯级分并将溶剂蒸发。残余物从丙酮和乙醚结晶。将沉淀物过滤并干燥,得到0.63g的化合物11,熔点196℃。
实施例B10
化合物12的制备
在0℃下将氰基硼氢化钠(0.00126mol)加入到中间体35(0.00126mol)和2-甲氧基乙胺(0.00151mol)在MeOH(10ml)中的混合物中。混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后倾倒在冰上并用DCM提取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。残余物通过硅胶(15-40μm)上的柱色谱法纯化(洗脱液:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH为90/10/0.1)。收集纯级分并将溶剂蒸发。残余物从MEK和乙醚结晶。将沉淀物过滤并干燥,得到0.22g(41%)的化合物12。
表F-1列举了在根据上述实施例之一制备的化合物。
表F-1
药理学实施例
用于PARP-1抑制活性的体外闪烁亲近检测法(SPA)
基于SPA技术(Amersham Pharmacia Biotech的专有技术)在体外试验中试验本发明的化合物。
原则上,该分析基于沿用已久的SPA技术,该技术用于检测生物素化靶蛋白即组蛋白的多聚(ADP-核糖基)化。使用带切口的DNA活化的PARP-1酶和[3H]-烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸([3H]-NAD+)作为ADP-核糖基供体诱导核糖基化。
制备带切口的DNA作为PARP-1酶活性的诱导物。为此,将25mg的DNA(供应商:Sigma)溶解于25ml的脱氧核糖核酸酶缓冲液(10mMTris-HCl,pH 7.4;0.5mg/ml牛血清白蛋白(BSA);5mM MgCl2·6H2O和1mM KCl),缓冲液中加入了50μl的脱氧核糖核酸酶溶液(1mg/ml,在0.15M NaCl中)。在37℃培养90分钟后,通过加入1.45g NaCl使反应终止,随后在58℃再培养15分钟。将反应混合物在冰上冷却并在4℃相对于1.5l的0.2M KCl透析,分别为1.5小时和2小时;和相对于1.5l的0.01M KCI透析两次,分别为1.5小时和2小时。将混合物分成等份试样并在-20℃储存。使用Amersham的生物素化试剂盒将组蛋白(1mg/ml,II-A型,供应商:Sigma)生物素化并在分成等份试样-20℃储存。在PBS中制成100mg/ml SPA聚(乙烯基甲苯)(PVT)小珠(供应商:Amersham)的原液。通过向6ml培养缓冲液(50mM Tris/HCl,pH 8;0.2mM DTT;4mM MgCl2)中加入120μl的[3H]-NAD+(0.1mCi/ml,供应商:NEN)制备[3H]-NAD+的原液。在培养缓冲液(得自在水中的100mM原液,在-20℃储存)制备4mM NAD+(供应商:Roche)的溶液。使用本领域已知的技术,即从人肝脏cDNA开始进行蛋白质的克隆和表达生产PARP-1酶。关于PARP-1酶使用的蛋白质序列的信息(包括参考文献),可以在Swiss-Prot数据库中在原始登录号P09874 下找到。将生物素化组蛋白和PVT-SPA小珠混合并在室温下预培养30分钟。将PARP-1酶(浓度为批次依赖性的)与带切口的DNA混合并将混合物在4℃预培养30分钟。将相等部分的组蛋白/PVT-SPA小珠溶液和PARP-1酶/DNA溶液混合并将75μl的这种混合物连同1μl的在DMSO中的化合物和25μl的[3H]-NAD+加入到96孔微量滴定板的每个孔中。在培养混合物中的最终浓度:生物素化组蛋白为2μg/ml;PVT-SPA小珠为2mg/ml;带切口的DNA为2μg/ml;PARP-1酶为5-10μg/ml。将混合物在室温下培养15分钟之后,通过加入100μl的在培养缓冲液中的4mM NAD+(最终浓度为2mM)使反应终止并将板混合。
使小珠沉积至少15分钟,并将板转移到TopCountNXTTM(Packard)中进行闪烁计数,数值表示为每分钟计数(cpm)。对于每个试验,平行进行对照(包含PARP-1酶和DMSO,没有化合物)、空白培养(包含DMSO但是没有PARP-1酶或化合物)和样品(包含PARP-1酶和溶于DMSO中的化合物)。将所有的试验化合物溶解并最终在DMSO中进一步稀释。在第一种情况中,化合物以10-6M的浓度进行试验。当化合物在10-6M表现出活性时,形成其中化合物在10-5M到10-8M浓度下进行试验的剂量-反应曲线。在每个试验中,从对照和样品值减去空白值。对照样品代表最大的PARP-1酶活性。对于每个样品,cpm的量表示为对照的平均cpm值的百分比。在适当时,使用刚好超过和低于50%水平的实验点之间的线性内插法计算IC50值(使PARP-1酶活性降低到对照的50%所需的药物浓度)。在本文中,试验化合物的作用表示为pIC50(IC50值的负对数值)。作为参考化合物,引入4-氨基-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺以验证SPA检测法。试验化合物在10-6M的最初试验浓度下表现出抑制活性(参见表-2)。
PARP-1抑制活性的体外过滤试验
在体外过滤试验中试验本发明的化合物,通过使用[32P]-NAD作为ADP-核糖基供体的组蛋白多聚(ADP-核糖基)化活性评价PARP-1活性(在带切口的DNA的存在下触发的)。在96孔滴定板中用三氯乙酸(TCA)使放射性核糖基化组蛋白沉淀并使用闪烁计数器测量结合的[32P]。制备组蛋白(原液:5mg/ml,在H2O中)、NAD+(原液:100mM,在H2O中)、和[32P]-NAD+,在培养缓冲液(50mM Tris/HCI,pH 8;0.2mM DTT;4mM MgCl2)中的混合物。还制备PARP-1酶(5-10μg/ml)和带切口的DNA的混合物。带切口的DNA根据用于PARP-1抑制活性的体外SPA中所述方法制备。将75μl的PARP-1酶/DNA混合物连同1μl的在DMSO中的化合物和25μl的组蛋白-NAD+/[32P]-NAD+混合物加入到96孔过滤板(0.45μm,供应商Millipore)的每个孔中。在培养混合物中的最终浓度:组蛋白为2μg/ml;NAD+为0.1mM,[32P]-NAD+为200μM(0.5μC),带切口的DNA为2μg/ml。将板在室温下培养15分钟并通过加入10μl的冰冷的100%TCA使反应终止,随后加入10μl的冰冷的BSA溶液(1%,在H2O中)。在4℃下使蛋白质级分沉淀10分钟并将板真空过滤。随后用1ml的10%的冰冷的TCA、1ml的5%冰冷的TCA和1ml的室温下的5%TCA洗涤板的每个孔。最后,向每个孔中加入100μl的闪烁液(Microscint 40,Packard)并将板转移到TopCountNXTM(供应商:Packard)中进行闪烁计数,数值表示为每分钟计数(cpm)。对于每个试验,平行进行对照(包含PARP-1酶和DMSO,没有化合物)、空白培养(包含DMSO但是没有PARP-1酶或化合物)和样品(包含PARP-1酶和溶于DMSO中的化合物)。将所有的试验化合物溶解并最终在DMSO中进一步稀释。在第一种情况中,化合物在10-5M的浓度下进行试验。当化合物在10-5M表现出活性时,形成其中化合物在10-5M到10-8M浓度下进行试验的剂量-反应曲线。在每个试验中,从对照和样品值减去空白值。对照样品代表最大的PARP-1酶活性。对于每个样品,cpm的量表示为对照的平均cpm值的百分比。在适当时,使用刚好超过和低于50%水平的实验点之间的线性内插法计算IC50值(使PARP-1酶活性降低到对照的50%所需的药物浓度)。在本文中,试验化合物的作用表示为pIC50(IC50值的负对数值)。作为参考化合物,引入4-氨基-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺以验证过滤试验。试验化合物在10-5M的最初试验浓度下表现出抑制活性(参见表-2)。
表-2
化合物可以在细胞的化学和/或辐射敏化试验、在癌细胞系中测量对内源性PARP-1活性的抑制分析、和最终在体内辐射敏化试验中进一步进行评价。
Claims (9)
1.下式(I)表示的化合物:
及其加成盐和立体化学异构体形式,
其中
n为0或1;
s为0或1;
X为-N=或-CR4=,其中R4为氢;
Y为-N<或-CH<;
Q为-NH-、-O-、-C(O)-、-CH2-CH2-或-CHR5-,
其中R5为氢、羟基、C1-6烷基、芳基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基羰基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基氨基或卤代吲唑基;
R1为C1-6烷基;
R2为氢;
R3为氢、C1-6烷基或选自以下的基团:
-NR6R7 (a-1),
-O-H (a-2),
-O-R8 (a-3),或
-S-R9 (a-4),
其中
R6为二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基或C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基;
R7为氢;
R8为二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;
R9为二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;
或R3为下式的基团,
-(CH2)t-Z- (b-1)
其中
t为0或2;
Z为选自以下的杂环系统:
其中每个R10独立地为氢、C1-6烷基、羟基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基氨基、吗啉代、C1-6烷基咪唑基、或吡啶基C1-6烷基氨基;
每个R11独立地为氢或羟基;
芳基为苯基。
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中n为0;X为CH;Q为-NH-、-CH2-CH2-或-CHR5-,其中R5为氢、羟基、或芳基C1-6烷基;R3为氢、羟基或式(b-1)的基团;t为0;Z为选自(c-8)或(c-13)的杂环系统;并且每个R10独立地为氢。
3.权利要求1的化合物,其中R3为选自(a-1)、(a-2)、(a-3)或(a-4)的基团。
5.药物组合物,其包括可药用载体和作为活性组分的治疗有效量的权利要求1到4任一项的化合物。
6.制备权利要求5的药物组合物的方法,其中将可药用载体与权利要求1到4任一项的化合物紧密地混合。
7.权利要求1到4任一项的化合物在制备用于由化学敏化或辐射敏化进行的治疗的药物中的应用。
8.权利要求7的应用,其中所述治疗涉及化学敏化。
9.权利要求7的应用,其中所述治疗涉及辐射敏化。
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US5177075A (en) * | 1988-08-19 | 1993-01-05 | Warner-Lambert Company | Substituted dihydroisoquinolinones and related compounds as potentiators of the lethal effects of radiation and certain chemotherapeutic agents; selected compounds, analogs and process |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FI77852C (fi) * | 1981-02-17 | 1989-05-10 | Otsuka Pharma Co Ltd | Foerfarande foer framstaellning av nya, saosom hjaertmediciner anvaendbara substituerade amid- och (maettad heterocykel)karbonylkarbostyrilderivat. |
AU532361B2 (en) * | 1981-09-01 | 1983-09-29 | Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Carbostyril derivatives |
KR0149162B1 (ko) * | 1988-11-29 | 1998-10-15 | 구스타프 반 리이트 | (1h-아졸-1-일메틸) 치환된 퀴놀린, 퀴나졸린 또는 퀴녹살린 유도체 |
US6566372B1 (en) * | 1999-08-27 | 2003-05-20 | Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated | Bicyclic androgen and progesterone receptor modulator compounds and methods |
SK5212003A3 (en) * | 2000-10-02 | 2004-03-02 | Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv | Metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists |
WO2003082350A2 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2003-10-09 | Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. | Radiolabelled quinoline and quinolinone derivatives and their use as metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands |
NZ547193A (en) * | 2003-12-05 | 2010-03-26 | Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv | 6-Substituted 2-quinolinones and 2-quinoxalinones as poly(adp-ribose) polymerase inhibitors |
-
2004
- 2004-11-18 EA EA200601125A patent/EA010592B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-11-18 WO PCT/EP2004/013165 patent/WO2005058843A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-11-18 KR KR1020067013344A patent/KR101149031B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-11-18 SG SG200901548-8A patent/SG151250A1/en unknown
- 2004-11-18 CN CN201110081918XA patent/CN102206180B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-18 ES ES04803192.6T patent/ES2565581T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-11-18 CN CNA2004800366563A patent/CN1890225A/zh active Pending
- 2004-11-18 UA UAA200605781A patent/UA91007C2/ru unknown
- 2004-11-18 CA CA2548273A patent/CA2548273C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-18 JP JP2006543409A patent/JP4948178B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-18 BR BRPI0417571-9A patent/BRPI0417571A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-11-18 EP EP04803192.6A patent/EP1694653B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-11-18 US US10/596,083 patent/US7652014B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-18 NZ NZ547278A patent/NZ547278A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-11-18 AU AU2004299183A patent/AU2004299183B2/en not_active Ceased
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2006
- 2006-06-08 IL IL176199A patent/IL176199A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-06-09 ZA ZA200604774A patent/ZA200604774B/xx unknown
- 2006-07-05 NO NO20063129A patent/NO337621B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5177075A (en) * | 1988-08-19 | 1993-01-05 | Warner-Lambert Company | Substituted dihydroisoquinolinones and related compounds as potentiators of the lethal effects of radiation and certain chemotherapeutic agents; selected compounds, analogs and process |
EP0371564A2 (en) * | 1988-11-29 | 1990-06-06 | Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V. | (1H-azol-1-ylmethyl)substituted quinoline, quinazoline or quinoxaline derivatives |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2565581T3 (es) | 2016-04-05 |
US7652014B2 (en) | 2010-01-26 |
BRPI0417571A (pt) | 2007-03-20 |
UA91007C2 (ru) | 2010-06-25 |
JP2007513898A (ja) | 2007-05-31 |
CA2548273A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
WO2005058843A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
WO2005058843A8 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
NZ547278A (en) | 2010-01-29 |
EP1694653A1 (en) | 2006-08-30 |
EA010592B1 (ru) | 2008-10-30 |
AU2004299183B2 (en) | 2010-09-23 |
US20090042881A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
CN102206180A (zh) | 2011-10-05 |
IL176199A0 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
ZA200604774B (en) | 2007-11-28 |
IL176199A (en) | 2012-03-29 |
EP1694653B1 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
CN1890225A (zh) | 2007-01-03 |
KR20060108753A (ko) | 2006-10-18 |
SG151250A1 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
JP4948178B2 (ja) | 2012-06-06 |
KR101149031B1 (ko) | 2012-05-29 |
CA2548273C (en) | 2013-04-16 |
NO337621B1 (no) | 2016-05-09 |
EA200601125A1 (ru) | 2006-10-27 |
AU2004299183A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
NO20063129L (no) | 2006-07-05 |
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