CN102182583A - Combined-type residual heat recovery system suitable for internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Combined-type residual heat recovery system suitable for internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN102182583A CN102182583A CN2011100927112A CN201110092711A CN102182583A CN 102182583 A CN102182583 A CN 102182583A CN 2011100927112 A CN2011100927112 A CN 2011100927112A CN 201110092711 A CN201110092711 A CN 201110092711A CN 102182583 A CN102182583 A CN 102182583A
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010786 composite waste Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013526 supercooled liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种适用于内燃机的朗肯循环与温差发电模块复合式余热回收系统，包括中温余热回收分系统和低温余热回收分系统；中温余热回收分系统中，液压泵、蒸发器、过热器、膨胀机、冷凝器和储液器依次相连，此系统采用朗肯循环技术回收内燃机中温余热；蒸发器将涡轮增压器涡轮端排出的尾气作为热源；过热器将内燃机EGR系统的尾气作为热源；膨胀机通过其曲轴连接发电机，发电机电能输出端连接能量回收装置；低温余热回收分系统中，采用三个半导体温差发电模块分别回收中温余热回收分系统蒸发器出口端的尾气热量、涡轮增压器压气机端出口增压空气的热量以及发动机冷却水的热量。本发明采用朗肯循环和半导体温差发电模块联合回收内燃机余热，既提高了内燃机燃油经济性，又减小了整个余热回收系统的体积。
The invention discloses a compound waste heat recovery system of Rankine cycle and thermoelectric power generation module suitable for internal combustion engines, comprising a medium temperature waste heat recovery sub-system and a low temperature waste heat recovery sub-system; in the medium temperature waste heat recovery sub-system, a hydraulic pump, an evaporator, a superheater The system uses the Rankine cycle technology to recover the waste heat at medium temperature of the internal combustion engine; the evaporator uses the exhaust gas discharged from the turbine end of the turbocharger as a heat source; the superheater uses the exhaust gas from the EGR system of the internal combustion engine as a heat source. Heat source; the expander is connected to the generator through its crankshaft, and the power output end of the generator is connected to the energy recovery device; in the low-temperature waste heat recovery sub-system, three semiconductor thermoelectric power generation modules are used to recover the heat of exhaust gas at the outlet of the evaporator of the medium-temperature waste heat recovery sub-system, and the turbine The heat of the supercharged air at the outlet of the compressor end of the supercharger and the heat of the engine cooling water. The invention adopts the Rankine cycle and the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation module to jointly recover the waste heat of the internal combustion engine, which not only improves the fuel economy of the internal combustion engine, but also reduces the volume of the entire waste heat recovery system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Rankine cycle and temperature-difference power generation module combined type residual neat recovering system that is applicable to internal-combustion engine, belong to the heat exchange field of internal-combustion engine.
Background technique
Rise at full speed along with energy prices, the energy-conservation all circles' question of common concern that become, nearly 60% the heat of surpassing is discharged in the atmosphere environment by tail gas and cooling system in the internal-combustion engine, and be not used, therefore can improve the fuel economy of internal-combustion engine by effectively utilizing afterheat of IC engine.
Fig. 1 is the existing internal-combustion engine system schematic representation that has egr system.As shown in Figure 1, the air in the atmosphere environment is compressed to wet body in the high pressure through the gas compressor end of turbosupercharger 2, and the wet body enters in the intercooler 14 in the high pressure, becomes high pressure low temperature gas through the external environment cooling and enters internal-combustion engine 1; The tail gas part that internal-combustion engine 1 is discharged enters turbosupercharger 2 turbine end expansion workings, and turbine drives gas compressor rotation work done, and tail gas enters the atmosphere environment from turbine end; Tail gas another part that internal-combustion engine 1 is discharged enters EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation, exhaust gas recirculatioon) cooler for recycled exhaust gas in the system 15, tail gas is cooled to cryogenic gas through external environment, and the high pressure low temperature air mixing of cryogenic gas and intercooler 14 outlets then enters internal-combustion engine 1.In addition, the cooling water of internal-combustion engine 1 enters radiator 16 and get back to internal-combustion engine 1 after the atmosphere environment cooling, forms a loop.
Utilize the afterheat of IC engine generating to mainly contain two kinds of systems at present: based on the residual neat recovering system of Rankine cycle and the residual neat recovering system of based semiconductor temperature-difference power generation module.Both pluses and minuses differences, wherein, under identical high temperature heat source and low temperature cold source condition: simple residual neat recovering system efficient height, but system complex based on Rankine cycle, volume is big; Though the residual neat recovering system of simple based semiconductor temperature-difference power generation module, system is simple, and volume is little, and efficient is low.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention is directed to the pluses and minuses of above-mentioned two kinds of afterheat generating systems, a kind of combined type residual neat recovering system is proposed, adopt different processing methods that the waste heat of different temperatures level is used, not only reduce the volume of whole residual neat recovering system, guarantee that also residual neat recovering system has higher efficient.
For realizing above-mentioned target, the present invention has taked following technical solution:
The present invention relates to a kind of internal-combustion engine combined type residual neat recovering system, comprising: adopt the low temperature exhaust heat recovery subsystem of the middle temperature heat recovery subsystem and the employing semiconductor temperature differential generating technology of Rankine cycle, wherein:
The middle temperature heat recovery subsystem of described employing Rankine cycle comprises: oil hydraulic pump, vaporizer, superheater, decompressor, generator, condenser, liquid-storage container, wherein: oil hydraulic pump, vaporizer, superheater, decompressor, condenser, liquid-storage container link to each other successively, form a loop; Storage of liquids is as the working medium of Rankine cycle in the liquid-storage container; Vaporizer further connects the turbine end outlet of turbosupercharger, and turbocharger turbine is brought out the thermal source of the tail gas of mouth as vaporizer; Superheater replaces the cooler for recycled exhaust gas in the internal-combustion engine egr system, with the tail gas in the egr system as the superheater thermal source; Decompressor connects generator, and the electric energy output end of generator connects energy recycle device.
The thermal circulation method that the present invention relates to above-mentioned Rankine cycle is: liquid refrigerant enters oil hydraulic pump from liquid-storage container, working medium enters vaporizer after the oil hydraulic pump pressurization, with carry out exchange heat through warm tail gas in behind the turbine of vaporizer, working medium becomes saturated vapour by supercooled liquid, saturated vapour enters superheater and is heated to be superheated vapor by the tail gas in the internal-combustion engine egr system, superheated vapor enters the decompressor expansion working, decompressor drives generator for electricity generation, it is liquid that working medium after decompressor expands enters condenser condenses, enters liquid-storage container afterwards and finishes a thermodynamic cycle.
Described low temperature exhaust heat recovery subsystem comprises three subtense angles: internal-combustion engine low temperature exhaust gas heat recovery system, cooling water of internal combustion engine heat recovery system, intercooler pressurized air heat recovery system.Internal-combustion engine low temperature exhaust gas heat recovery system assembly comprises: the first semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger, and exhaust gases of internal combustion engines passed through in the warm Rankine cycle residual neat recovering system vaporizer during this first semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger import connected pipeline, the first semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger exit link to each other with atmosphere environment; Cooling water of internal combustion engine heat recovery system assembly comprises: the second semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger, and the cooling water system outlet of internal-combustion engine connects the second semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger entrance, the second semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger exit connects the import of cooling water of internal combustion engine system; Intercooler pressurized air heat recovery system assembly comprises: the 3rd semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger, the gas compressor of turbosupercharger bring out mouthful connection the 3rd a semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger entrance, the 3rd semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger exit connects the air-intake of combustion engine mouth.Three semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchangers all output to energy recycle device with the electric energy that produces.
The present invention relates to the semi-conductor thermo-electric generation module working principle is: the thermo-electric generation sheet in the semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger is arranged between low-temperature receiver and the thermal source, semiconductor temperature differential generating sheet temperature end absorbs the internal-combustion engine low temperature exhaust heat, low-temperature end is given atmosphere environment or cooling water with heat release, the thermo-electric generation sheet utilizes the temperature difference between the cold ﹠ heat source to produce electromotive force, thereby externally exports electric energy.
Beneficial effect
1, the present invention is directed to the height of afterheat of IC engine temperature, warm waste heat and low temperature exhaust heat two large divisions during afterheat of IC engine is divided into.At the characteristics of warm waste heat in the internal-combustion engine, adopt Rankine cycle to reclaim warm waste heat in the internal-combustion engine; At the characteristics of internal-combustion engine low temperature exhaust heat, adopt semi-conductor thermo-electric generation module to reclaim the motor low temperature exhaust heat, reached the effect that low temperature exhaust heat reclaims, greatly reduce the complexity that adopts the Rankine cycle recycling low-temperature waste heat system.Therefore adopt the combined type residual neat recovering system to reclaim afterheat of IC engine, both guaranteed the efficient of whole residual neat recovering system, improved the fuel economy of internal-combustion engine, make the volume that has reduced whole residual neat recovering system again.
2, the present invention's turbosupercharger outlet tail gas of also adopting the first semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger that Rankine cycle was reclaimed carries out recovery second time, fully having reclaimed the institute in the whole system has surplus heat, further reduce tail gas and entered temperature in the atmosphere, improved the efficient of residual heat integrative reclaiming system.
3, the present invention adds superheater in Rankine cycle, has not only replaced the function of the cooler for recycled exhaust gas in the egr system, and makes the working medium in the Rankine cycle overheated, improves the efficient of residual neat recovering system.
4, the present invention replaces with the 3rd semiconductor thermoelectric generator with intercooler in the low temperature exhaust heat reclaiming system, and charge-air temperature is reduced, and improves the pressurized effect of internal-combustion engine, and utilizes the pressurized air waste heat to send electric energy.
5, the present invention is not only applicable to Vehicular internal combustion engine, and is applicable to that peculiar to vessel, engineering machinery internal-combustion engine such as uses.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is not for adding the internal-combustion engine system structural representation that has egr system of residual neat recovering system;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of internal-combustion engine combined type residual neat recovering system;
Wherein: 1 internal-combustion engine, 2 turbosupercharger, 3 oil hydraulic pumps, 4 vaporizers, 5 superheaters, 6 decompressors, 7 generators, 8 condensers, 9 liquid-storage containers, 10 first semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchangers, 11 second semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchangers, 12 the 3rd semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchangers, 13 storage batteries, 14 intercoolers, 15EGR cooler, 16 radiators.
Embodiment
At first, the waste heat type of as shown in Figure 1 internal-combustion engine system is analyzed, can be known that afterheat of IC engine mainly is distributed in following parts:
1. the using waste heat from tail gas in the internal-combustion engine cooler for recycled exhaust gas;
2. the internal combustion engine turbocharger turbine end exports using waste heat from tail gas;
3. cooling water of internal combustion engine heat;
4. the internal combustion engine turbocharger gas compressor brings out a mouthful pressurized air heat;
In above-mentioned waste heat, 1. and 2. be middle temperature waste heat, be low temperature exhaust heat 3. and 4..If the energy of these varying levels all can be recycled, then can improve the efficient of residual neat recovering system.
For this reason, the present invention is directed to the characteristics of afterheat of IC engine, proposed a kind of Rankine cycle and temperature-difference power generation module combined type residual neat recovering system that is applicable to internal-combustion engine, warm heat recovery subsystem and low temperature exhaust heat recovery subsystem during it comprises.In warm heat recovery subsystem 1. and 2. adopt Rankine cycle to reclaim in the internal-combustion engine warm using waste heat from tail gas, the low temperature exhaust heat recovery subsystem adopt semi-conductor thermo-electric generation module reclaim 2. in remaining low temperature exhaust heat part and 3. and the low temperature exhaust heat 4..The present invention adopts Rankine cycle to reclaim warm waste heat in the internal-combustion engine, has made full use of the high characteristics of Rankine cycle system efficient; And for reclaiming the internal-combustion engine low temperature exhaust heat, semi-conductor thermo-electric generation module and Rankine cycle system structure compared are simple.The combination of two kinds of cogeneration subtense angles had both reduced the volume of whole residual neat recovering system.Improved the fuel of internal combustion engine Economy again.
2 couples of the present invention are described in further details below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 2, internal-combustion engine combined type residual neat recovering system of the present invention, comprise: as the storage battery 13 of energy recycle device, also have necessary connecting pipeline in internal-combustion engine 1, turbosupercharger 2, oil hydraulic pump 3, vaporizer 4, superheater 5, decompressor 6, generator 7, condenser 8, liquid-storage container 9, the first semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger 10, the second semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger 11, the 3rd semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger 12 and the present embodiment.Wherein, oil hydraulic pump 3, vaporizer 4, superheater 5, decompressor 6, generator 7, condenser 8, liquid-storage container 9 are the main constituent elements of middle temperature heat recovery subsystem, and semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger 10～12 is the main constituent elements of low temperature exhaust heat recovery subsystem.
The installation annexation of said modules is as follows:
In middle temperature heat recovery subsystem, oil hydraulic pump 3 outlets connect the import of vaporizer 4 working medium side, the outlet of vaporizer 4 working medium side connects the import of superheater 5 working medium side, the import of vaporizer 4 tail gas sides connects the turbine end outlet of turbosupercharger 2, adopts the thermal source of the tail gas of turbosupercharger 2 turbine end outlet as vaporizer 4; Turbosupercharger 2 turbine end imports connect the relief opening of internal-combustion engine 1; The outlet of superheater 5 working medium side connects decompressor 6 imports, and decompressor 6 can adopt expansion gears such as positive displacement, blade type; Superheater 5 is as the cooler for recycled exhaust gas of internal-combustion engine egr system, i.e. the import of superheater 5 tail gas sides connects the relief opening of internal-combustion engine 1, and the outlet of superheater 5 tail gas sides connects the suction port of internal-combustion engine 1; Decompressor 6 links to each other with generator 7, generator 7 electric energy output end link to each other with storage battery 13, and the outlet of decompressor 6 connects condenser 8 imports, and condenser 8 outlets connect liquid-storage container 9 imports, liquid-storage container 9 outlet connects oil hydraulic pumps 3 imports, form one in warm residual neat recovering system loop.
In the low temperature exhaust heat recovery subsystem, the cooling water system outlet of internal-combustion engine 1 connects 11 imports of the second semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger, 11 outlets of the second semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger connect internal-combustion engine 1 cooling water system import, and the electric energy output end of the second semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger 11 connects storage battery 13; Turbosupercharger 2 gas compressors bring out mouthful connection the 3rd semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger 12 imports, and 12 outlets of the 3rd semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger connect internal-combustion engines 1 suction port, and the electric energy output end of the second semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger 11 connects storage battery 13.
Further, tail gas as vaporizer 4 thermals source also has certain low temperature exhaust heat after being used by vaporizer 4, therefore can further reclaim it, therefore the present invention further is connected to the outlet of vaporizer 4 tail gas sides the import of the first semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger 10,10 outlets of the first semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger communicate with atmosphere environment, and the electric energy output end of the first semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger 10 connects storage battery 13.
Working procedure to above-mentioned subsystem is described below.
Adopt the middle temperature heat recovery subsystem of Rankine cycle, its working procedure is:
In liquid-storage container 9, store liquid refrigerant, liquid refrigerant in the liquid-storage container 9 becomes highly pressurised liquid through oil hydraulic pump 3, the tail gas that highly pressurised liquid enters vaporizer 4 and the discharge of turbosupercharger 2 turbine end carries out heat exchange, liquid refrigerant is evaporated to saturated vapour and enters superheater 5 and be heated to be superheated vapor by the tail gas in the egr system, superheated vapor enters decompressor 6 expansion actings, decompressor 6 drives generator 7 generatings, and the power storage that generator 7 is produced is to storage battery 13; It is that liquid enters liquid-storage container 9 by air or water cooling that the low pressure steam that comes out from decompressor 6 enters condenser 8, thereby finishes a thermodynamic cycle.
The low temperature exhaust heat recovery subsystem is divided into three subtense angles: internal-combustion engine low temperature exhaust gas heat? recovery subtense angle, cooling water of internal combustion engine heat? recovery subtense angle, pressurized air heat? recovery subtense angle, each subtense angle adopt a semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger to realize heat recovery.Each semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger can adopt air or water cooling semiconductor temperature differential generating sheet.Thermo-electric generation sheet in each semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger is arranged between low-temperature receiver and the thermal source, semiconductor temperature differential generating sheet temperature end absorbs the internal-combustion engine low temperature exhaust heat, low-temperature end is given ambient air or cooling water with heat release, the thermo-electric generation sheet utilizes the temperature difference between the cold ﹠ heat source to produce electromotive force, thereby electrical power storage is arrived storage battery 13.
Internal-combustion engine low temperature exhaust gas heat? recovery subtense angle, its working procedure is:
The low temperature exhaust gas of vaporizer 4 tail gas side outlets enters the first semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger 10, semiconductor temperature differential generating sheet temperature end in the first semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger 10 provides thermal source, ambient air or water provide low-temperature receiver for semiconductor temperature differential generating sheet low-temperature end, the semiconductor temperature differential generating sheet utilizes the thermo-electric generation between thermal source and the low-temperature receiver, and the power storage that is produced is to storage battery 13.
Cooling water of internal combustion engine heat? recovery subtense angle, its working procedure is: the cooling water of internal-combustion engine 1 cooling water system enters the second semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger 11, semiconductor temperature differential generating sheet temperature end in the second semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger 11 provides thermal source, ambient air or water provide low-temperature receiver for semiconductor temperature differential generating sheet low-temperature end, the semiconductor temperature differential generating sheet utilizes the thermo-electric generation between thermal source and the low-temperature receiver, and the power storage that is produced is to storage battery 13.
Pressurized air heat? recovery subtense angle, its working procedure is: pressurized air brings out mouth from turbosupercharger 2 gas compressors and enters the 3rd semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger 12, semiconductor temperature differential generating sheet temperature end in the 3rd semiconductor temperature differential generating heat exchanger 12 provides thermal source, ambient air or water provide low-temperature receiver for semiconductor temperature differential generating sheet low-temperature end, the semiconductor temperature differential generating sheet utilizes the thermo-electric generation between thermal source and the low-temperature receiver, and the power storage that is produced is to storage battery 13.
In sum, more than be preferred embodiment of the present invention only, be not to be used to limit protection scope of the present invention.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
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