CN106640416A - A marine low-speed diesel engine EGR cooler S‑CO2 and ORC combined cycle waste heat utilization system - Google Patents
A marine low-speed diesel engine EGR cooler S‑CO2 and ORC combined cycle waste heat utilization system Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
- F02G5/04—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases in combination with other waste heat from combustion engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
- F01N2590/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for marine vessels or naval applications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2250/00—Special cycles or special engines
- F02G2250/03—Brayton cycles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供一种船舶低速柴油机EGR冷却器S‑CO2和ORC联合循环余热利用系统，由S‑CO2循环和ORC循环构成。S‑CO2循环作为高温循环直接与EGR冷却器中的高温排气进行换热，从EGR冷却器低温侧排出的高温高压S‑CO2进入膨胀机做功，并通过轴带发电机发电。S‑CO2循环膨胀机排出的S‑CO2则进入ORC循环的蒸发器，使ORC循环工质蒸发，进入膨胀机做功，并通过轴带发电机发电。从ORC循环蒸发器高温侧排出的S‑CO2则进入S‑CO2循环回热器对回热器低温侧S‑CO2进行预热，之后排入冷却器冷却。ORC循环膨胀机排出的乏汽通过ORC循环回热器对回热器低温侧工质进行预热之后进入冷凝器冷凝。本发明回收了船舶低速柴油机EGR冷却器的高温烟气能量，缓解了大型船舶低速柴油机采用EGR技术会导致油耗升高的问题。
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of marine low-speed diesel engine EGR cooler S-CO 2 and ORC combined cycle waste heat utilization system, which is composed of S-CO 2 cycle and ORC cycle. As a high-temperature cycle, the S-CO 2 cycle directly exchanges heat with the high-temperature exhaust gas in the EGR cooler. The high-temperature and high-pressure S-CO 2 discharged from the low-temperature side of the EGR cooler enters the expander to do work, and generates power through the shaft generator. The S-CO 2 discharged from the S-CO 2 cycle expander enters the evaporator of the ORC cycle to evaporate the ORC cycle working fluid, enters the expander to do work, and generates electricity through the shaft generator. The S-CO 2 discharged from the high-temperature side of the ORC circulation evaporator enters the S-CO 2 regenerator to preheat the S-CO 2 at the low-temperature side of the regenerator, and then discharges into the cooler for cooling. The exhaust steam discharged from the ORC cycle expander passes through the ORC cycle regenerator to preheat the working fluid on the low temperature side of the regenerator, and then enters the condenser for condensation. The invention recovers the high-temperature flue gas energy of the EGR cooler of the marine low-speed diesel engine, and alleviates the problem of increased fuel consumption caused by the adoption of the EGR technology of the large-scale marine low-speed diesel engine.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及的是一种余热回收系统，具体地说是船舶柴油机余热回收系统。The invention relates to a waste heat recovery system, in particular to a ship diesel engine waste heat recovery system.
背景技术Background technique
应用EGR技术能够有效的解决船舶低速柴油机NOx的排放问题，使船舶满足TierIII排放法规的要求。然而，该技术由于将船舶低速柴油机排放的废气重新导入气缸内燃烧，导致柴油机燃烧变差，油耗增加。有研究表明，在船舶低速柴油机EGR率为27％的情况下，能够使船舶低速柴油机满足Tier III排放标准，但油耗会增加4g/kWh，使柴油机的经济性变差。将EGR技术和余热利用技术相结合能够同时有效地解决船舶低速柴油机污染物NOx排放和能耗两大问题。通过余热利用技术将EGR冷却器的能量进行回收，将其转化为电能或直接传动回馈到低速柴油机输出端，能够有效的降低船舶低速柴油机的综合油耗，提高船舶低速柴油机的燃油经济性，抵消船舶低速柴油机采用EGR技术处理污染物排放问题时所带来的油耗增加问题。The application of EGR technology can effectively solve the NOx emission problem of marine low-speed diesel engines, so that ships can meet the requirements of TierIII emission regulations. However, this technology reintroduces the exhaust gas emitted by the ship's low-speed diesel engine into the cylinder for combustion, resulting in poor combustion of the diesel engine and increased fuel consumption. Studies have shown that when the EGR rate of a marine low-speed diesel engine is 27%, the marine low-speed diesel engine can meet Tier III emission standards, but the fuel consumption will increase by 4g/kWh, which will make the diesel engine's economy worse. The combination of EGR technology and waste heat utilization technology can effectively solve the two major problems of marine low-speed diesel engine NOx emissions and energy consumption. Recover the energy of the EGR cooler through waste heat utilization technology, convert it into electric energy or directly drive it back to the output end of the low-speed diesel engine, which can effectively reduce the comprehensive fuel consumption of the low-speed diesel engine of the ship, improve the fuel economy of the low-speed diesel engine of the ship, and offset the The low-speed diesel engine uses EGR technology to deal with the problem of increased fuel consumption caused by pollutant emissions.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供将超临界CO2布雷顿循环和有机郎肯循环组成的联合循环与船舶低速柴油机EGR系统相结合，利用EGR冷却器的能量发电或直接传动回馈到低速柴油机输出端，提高船舶低速柴油机的燃油经济性，降低船舶低速柴油机采用EGR技术处理污染物排放问题时所带来油耗增加问题的一种船舶低速柴油机EGR冷却器S-CO2和ORC联合循环余热利用系统。The object of the present invention is to provide supercritical CO Brayton cycle and the combined cycle that organic Rankine cycle is formed and marine low-speed diesel engine EGR system combine, utilize the energy generation of EGR cooler or direct drive to feed back to low-speed diesel engine output end, improve Fuel economy of marine low-speed diesel engines, a kind of marine low-speed diesel engine EGR cooler S-CO 2 and ORC combined cycle waste heat utilization system to reduce the problem of increased fuel consumption caused by marine low-speed diesel engines using EGR technology to deal with pollutant emissions.
本发明的目的是这样实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:
本发明一种船舶低速柴油机EGR冷却器S-CO2和ORC联合循环余热利用系统，其特征是：包括排气集箱、EGR冷却器、主EGR设备、进气集箱、ORC蒸发器、ORC冷凝器、ORC回热器、ORC膨胀机、S-CO2冷却器、S-CO2膨胀机、S-CO2压缩机，EGR冷却器包括EGR冷却器高温侧、EGR冷却器低温侧，ORC蒸发器包括ORC蒸发器高温侧、ORC蒸发器低温侧，ORC回热器包括ORC回热器高温侧、ORC回热器低温侧；The present invention is a ship low-speed diesel engine EGR cooler S-CO 2 and ORC combined cycle waste heat utilization system, which is characterized in that it includes exhaust header, EGR cooler, main EGR equipment, air intake header, ORC evaporator, ORC Condenser, ORC regenerator, ORC expander, S-CO 2 cooler, S-CO 2 expander, S-CO 2 compressor, EGR cooler including EGR cooler high temperature side, EGR cooler low temperature side, ORC The evaporator includes the high temperature side of the ORC evaporator and the low temperature side of the ORC evaporator, and the ORC regenerator includes the high temperature side of the ORC regenerator and the low temperature side of the ORC regenerator;
排气集箱一方面通过主烟气管道经EGR冷却器高温侧连接主EGR设备，另一方面通过烟气旁通管连接主EGR设备，主EGR设备连接进气集箱；On the one hand, the exhaust header is connected to the main EGR equipment through the main flue gas pipeline through the high temperature side of the EGR cooler; on the other hand, it is connected to the main EGR equipment through the flue gas bypass pipe, and the main EGR equipment is connected to the intake header;
EGR冷却器低温侧出口连通S-CO2膨胀机进口，S-CO2膨胀机出口连通ORC蒸发器高温侧进口，ORC蒸发器高温侧出口连通S-CO2冷却器进口，S-CO2冷却器出口连通S-CO2压缩机进口，S-CO2压缩机出口连通EGR冷却器低温侧进口，S-CO2膨胀机连接发电机；The outlet of the low temperature side of the EGR cooler is connected to the inlet of the S-CO 2 expander, the outlet of the S-CO 2 expander is connected to the inlet of the high temperature side of the ORC evaporator, the outlet of the high temperature side of the ORC evaporator is connected to the inlet of the S-CO 2 cooler, and the S-CO 2 cooling The outlet of the compressor is connected to the inlet of the S-CO 2 compressor, the outlet of the S-CO 2 compressor is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature side of the EGR cooler, and the S-CO 2 expander is connected to the generator;
ORC蒸发器低温侧出口连通ORC膨胀机进口，ORC膨胀机出口连通ORC回热器高温侧进口，ORC回热器高温侧出口连通ORC冷凝器进口，ORC冷凝器出口连通ORC回热器低温侧进口，ORC回热器低温侧出口连通ORC蒸发器低温侧进口，ORC膨胀机连接发电机；The outlet of the low temperature side of the ORC evaporator is connected to the inlet of the ORC expander, the outlet of the ORC expander is connected to the inlet of the high temperature side of the ORC regenerator, the outlet of the high temperature side of the ORC regenerator is connected to the inlet of the ORC condenser, and the outlet of the ORC condenser is connected to the inlet of the low temperature side of the ORC regenerator , the low-temperature side outlet of the ORC regenerator is connected to the low-temperature side inlet of the ORC evaporator, and the ORC expander is connected to the generator;
EGR冷却器、S-CO2膨胀机、ORC蒸发器、S-CO2冷却器、S-CO2压缩机构成S-CO2回路，ORC蒸发器、ORC膨胀机、ORC回热器、ORC冷凝器构成ORC回路。EGR cooler, S-CO 2 expander, ORC evaporator, S-CO 2 cooler, S-CO 2 compressor constitute the S-CO 2 loop, ORC evaporator, ORC expander, ORC regenerator, ORC condensing device constitutes an ORC loop.
本发明一种船舶低速柴油机EGR冷却器S-CO2和ORC联合循环余热利用系统，其特征是：包括排气集箱、EGR冷却器、主EGR设备、进气集箱、ORC蒸发器、ORC冷凝器、ORC回热器、ORC膨胀机、S-CO2冷却器、S-CO2膨胀机、S-CO2压缩机、S-CO2回热器、导热油加热器，EGR冷却器包括EGR冷却器高温侧、EGR冷却器低温侧，ORC蒸发器包括ORC蒸发器高温侧、ORC蒸发器低温侧，ORC回热器包括ORC回热器高温侧、ORC回热器低温侧，S-CO2回热器包括S-CO2回热器高温侧、S-CO2回热器低温侧，导热油加热器包括导热油加热器高温侧、导热油加热器低温侧；The present invention is a ship low-speed diesel engine EGR cooler S-CO 2 and ORC combined cycle waste heat utilization system, which is characterized in that it includes exhaust header, EGR cooler, main EGR equipment, air intake header, ORC evaporator, ORC Condenser, ORC regenerator, ORC expander, S- CO2 cooler, S- CO2 expander, S- CO2 compressor, S- CO2 regenerator, thermal oil heater, EGR cooler include EGR cooler high temperature side, EGR cooler low temperature side, ORC evaporator includes ORC evaporator high temperature side, ORC evaporator low temperature side, ORC regenerator includes ORC regenerator high temperature side, ORC regenerator low temperature side, S-CO 2 The regenerator includes the high temperature side of the S-CO 2 regenerator and the low temperature side of the S-CO 2 regenerator, and the heat transfer oil heater includes the high temperature side of the heat transfer oil heater and the low temperature side of the heat transfer oil heater;
排气集箱一方面通过主烟气管道经EGR冷却器高温侧连接主EGR设备，另一方面通过烟气旁通管连接主EGR设备，主EGR设备连接进气集箱；On the one hand, the exhaust header is connected to the main EGR equipment through the main flue gas pipeline through the high temperature side of the EGR cooler; on the other hand, it is connected to the main EGR equipment through the flue gas bypass pipe, and the main EGR equipment is connected to the intake header;
EGR冷却器低温侧出口连通S-CO2膨胀机进口，S-CO2膨胀机出口连通导热油加热器高温侧进口，导热油加热器高温侧出口连通S-CO2回热器高温侧进口，S-CO2回热器高温侧出口连通S-CO2冷却器进口，S-CO2冷却器出口连通S-CO2压缩机进口，S-CO2压缩机出口连通S-CO2回热器低温侧进口，S-CO2回热器低温侧出口连通EGR冷却器低温侧进口，S-CO2膨胀机连接发电机；The outlet of the low temperature side of the EGR cooler is connected to the inlet of the S-CO 2 expander, the outlet of the S-CO 2 expander is connected to the inlet of the high temperature side of the heat transfer oil heater, and the outlet of the high temperature side of the heat transfer oil heater is connected to the inlet of the high temperature side of the S-CO 2 regenerator. The outlet of the high temperature side of the S-CO 2 regenerator is connected to the inlet of the S-CO 2 cooler, the outlet of the S-CO 2 cooler is connected to the inlet of the S-CO 2 compressor, and the outlet of the S-CO 2 compressor is connected to the S-CO 2 regenerator The low temperature side inlet, the low temperature side outlet of the S-CO 2 regenerator is connected to the low temperature side inlet of the EGR cooler, and the S-CO 2 expander is connected to the generator;
ORC蒸发器低温侧出口连通ORC膨胀机进口，ORC膨胀机出口连通ORC回热器高温侧进口，ORC回热器高温侧出口连通ORC冷凝器进口，ORC冷凝器出口连通ORC回热器低温侧进口，ORC回热器低温侧出口连通ORC蒸发器低温侧进口，ORC蒸发器高温侧出口通过导热油泵连通导热油加热器低温侧进口，导热油加热器低温侧出口连通ORC蒸发器高温侧进口，ORC膨胀机连接发电机；The outlet of the low temperature side of the ORC evaporator is connected to the inlet of the ORC expander, the outlet of the ORC expander is connected to the inlet of the high temperature side of the ORC regenerator, the outlet of the high temperature side of the ORC regenerator is connected to the inlet of the ORC condenser, and the outlet of the ORC condenser is connected to the inlet of the low temperature side of the ORC regenerator , the outlet of the low temperature side of the ORC regenerator is connected to the inlet of the low temperature side of the ORC evaporator; The expander is connected to the generator;
EGR冷却器、S-CO2膨胀机、导热油加热器、ORC蒸发器、S-CO2回热器、S-CO2冷却器、S-CO2压缩机构成S-CO2回路，ORC蒸发器、ORC膨胀机、ORC回热器、ORC冷凝器构成ORC回路。EGR cooler, S-CO 2 expander, thermal oil heater, ORC evaporator, S-CO 2 regenerator, S-CO 2 cooler, S-CO 2 compressor constitute the S-CO 2 loop, ORC evaporates The ORC loop is composed of the ORC expander, ORC regenerator, and ORC condenser.
本发明还可以包括：The present invention may also include:
1、S-CO2回路上设置S-CO2回热器，S-CO2回热器包括S-CO2回热器高温侧、S-CO2回热器低温侧，ORC蒸发器高温侧出口与S-CO2冷却器进口之间设置S-CO2回热器高温侧，S-CO2压缩机出口与EGR冷却器低温侧进口之间设置S-CO2回热器低温侧。1. An S-CO 2 regenerator is installed on the S-CO2 circuit, and the S-CO 2 regenerator includes the high-temperature side of the S-CO 2 regenerator, the low-temperature side of the S-CO 2 regenerator, and the outlet of the high-temperature side of the ORC evaporator The high temperature side of the S-CO 2 regenerator is set between the inlet of the S-CO 2 cooler, and the low temperature side of the S-CO 2 regenerator is set between the outlet of the S-CO 2 compressor and the inlet of the low temperature side of the EGR cooler.
2、S-CO2回路上设置S-CO2回热器，S-CO2回热器包括S-CO2回热器高温侧、S-CO2回热器低温侧，S-CO2膨胀机出口与ORC蒸发器高温侧进口之间设置S-CO2回热器高温侧，S-CO2压缩机出口与EGR冷却器低温侧进口之间设置S-CO2回热器低温侧。2. An S-CO 2 regenerator is installed on the S-CO 2 circuit. The S-CO 2 regenerator includes the high-temperature side of the S-CO 2 regenerator and the low-temperature side of the S-CO 2 regenerator. S-CO 2 expands The high temperature side of the S-CO 2 regenerator is set between the outlet of the compressor and the inlet of the high temperature side of the ORC evaporator, and the low temperature side of the S-CO 2 regenerator is set between the outlet of the S-CO 2 compressor and the inlet of the low temperature side of the EGR cooler.
3、ORC冷凝器出口与ORC回热器低温侧进口之间安装储液罐和增压泵。3. A liquid storage tank and a booster pump are installed between the outlet of the ORC condenser and the inlet of the low temperature side of the ORC regenerator.
4、S-CO2膨胀机与S-CO2压缩机同轴。4. The S-CO 2 expander is coaxial with the S-CO 2 compressor.
5、所述的S-CO2回路为超临界CO2布雷顿循环回路，ORC回路为有机郎肯循环回路；S-CO2回路的热源为EGR冷却器的烟气能量，ORC回路的热源为S-CO2回路膨胀机出口的S-CO2。5. The S- CO loop is a supercritical CO Brayton loop, and the ORC loop is an organic Rankine loop; the heat source of the S- CO loop is the flue gas energy of the EGR cooler, and the heat source of the ORC loop is S-CO 2 at the outlet of the expander in the S-CO 2 loop.
本发明的优势在于：本发明将EGR和ORC系统相结合，能够同时有效的解决船舶低速柴油机NOx污染物排放和能耗两大问题，降低船舶低速柴油机NOx的排放，同时提高船舶低速柴油机的综合能效。S-CO2与EGR排气直接接触换热，且EGR排气具有较高的压力，提高了EGR冷却器的排气侧换热系数，使EGR冷却器具有结构紧凑的优点，有利于该系统在船舶机舱的布置。同时通过ORC回收一部分S-CO2系统回热器的能量，降低S-CO2的回热度，使S-CO2的与EGR排气具有更好的匹配度，提高了系统的综合效率。The advantage of the present invention is that: the present invention combines EGR and ORC systems, can effectively solve the two major problems of NOx pollutant discharge and energy consumption of marine low-speed diesel engines at the same time, reduce the emission of NOx of marine low-speed diesel engines, and improve the comprehensive efficiency of marine low-speed diesel engines at the same time. efficiency. S-CO 2 is in direct contact with the EGR exhaust for heat exchange, and the EGR exhaust has a higher pressure, which improves the heat transfer coefficient of the exhaust side of the EGR cooler, making the EGR cooler have the advantage of compact structure, which is beneficial to the system Arrangement in the ship's engine room. At the same time, a part of the energy of the regenerator of the S-CO 2 system is recovered through the ORC to reduce the reheating degree of the S-CO 2 , so that the S-CO 2 has a better matching degree with the EGR exhaust, and the overall efficiency of the system is improved.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为实施方式一的结构示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1;
图2为实施方式二的结构示意图；FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2;
图3为实施方式三的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 3.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图举例对本发明做更详细地描述：The present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing example:
实施方式一：Implementation mode one:
结合图1，该系统由S-CO2回路、ORC回路组成和EGR回路组成。其中S-CO2回路由EGR冷却器低温侧1、S-CO2膨胀机6、ORC蒸发器高温侧2、S-CO2回热器高温侧3、S-CO2冷却器4、S-CO2压缩机5和S-CO2回热器低温侧依次连接组成。其中S-CO2回路还包括和S-CO2膨胀机同轴连接的发电机7，以及为S-CO2冷却器4提供冷却水的冷却水泵8。ORC回路由ORC蒸发器低温侧2、ORC膨胀机14、ORC回热器高温侧9、ORC冷凝器10、ORC工质泵13、ORC储液罐12和ORC回热器低温侧依次连接组成。其中ORC回路还包括和ORC膨胀机14同轴连接的发电机15，以及为ORC冷凝器10提供冷却水的冷却水泵11。EGR回路由排气集箱16、主烟气管道18、EGR冷却器1高温侧、主EGR设备19和进气集箱20依次连接组成。其中EGR回路还包括用于旁通作用的烟气旁通管17。Combined with Figure 1, the system is composed of S-CO 2 loop, ORC loop and EGR loop. Among them, the S- CO2 loop consists of the low temperature side of the EGR cooler 1, the S- CO2 expander 6, the high temperature side of the ORC evaporator 2, the high temperature side of the S- CO2 regenerator 3, the S- CO2 cooler 4, the S- The CO2 compressor 5 and the low-temperature side of the S- CO2 regenerator are sequentially connected. The S-CO 2 loop also includes a generator 7 coaxially connected to the S-CO 2 expander, and a cooling water pump 8 that provides cooling water for the S-CO 2 cooler 4 . The ORC loop consists of the low temperature side 2 of the ORC evaporator, the ORC expander 14, the high temperature side 9 of the ORC regenerator, the ORC condenser 10, the ORC working fluid pump 13, the ORC liquid storage tank 12, and the low temperature side of the ORC regenerator. The ORC circuit further includes a generator 15 coaxially connected with the ORC expander 14 , and a cooling water pump 11 providing cooling water for the ORC condenser 10 . The EGR circuit is composed of exhaust header 16, main flue gas pipeline 18, high temperature side of EGR cooler 1, main EGR equipment 19 and intake header 20 connected in sequence. Wherein the EGR circuit also includes a smoke bypass pipe 17 for bypassing.
S-CO2回路为超临界CO2布雷顿循环回路，ORC回路为有机郎肯循环回路。S-CO2回路的热源为EGR冷却器的烟气能量，ORC回路的热源为S-CO2回路膨胀机出口的S-CO2。EGR冷却器能够将EGR排气冷却到排气酸露点之上，或通过采用耐腐蚀材料，排气可以冷却到酸露点以下。S-CO2膨胀机6和ORC膨胀机14可以同轴连接发电机或同轴连接动力传动装置直接将输出动力回馈到低速柴油机曲轴输出端。S-CO2压缩机可以与S-CO2膨胀机同轴连接或单独驱动。The S-CO 2 loop is a supercritical CO 2 Brayton cycle loop, and the ORC loop is an Organic Rankine cycle loop. The heat source of the S-CO 2 circuit is the flue gas energy of the EGR cooler, and the heat source of the ORC circuit is the S-CO 2 at the outlet of the expander of the S-CO 2 circuit. The EGR cooler can cool the EGR exhaust gas above the acid dew point of the exhaust gas, or by using corrosion-resistant materials, the exhaust gas can be cooled below the acid dew point. The S-CO 2 expander 6 and the ORC expander 14 can be coaxially connected to a generator or coaxially connected to a power transmission device to directly feed back the output power to the output end of the crankshaft of the low-speed diesel engine. The S- CO2 compressor can be coaxially connected with the S- CO2 expander or driven separately.
由船舶低速柴油机排气集箱16排出的废气首先通过与之相连的主排气管道18进入EGR冷却器1之后排入主EGR设备19，在该设备中完成脱硫、进一步冷却之后导入进气集箱20，与新鲜空气混合之后进入船舶低速柴油机气缸燃烧，排入排气集箱16。进入EGR冷却器1的排气与S-CO2循环工质直接进行换热，提高工质的温度。由EGR冷却器1排出的高温工质则进入膨胀机6做功，膨胀机6的膨胀功则通过与之同轴的发电机7转化为电能。膨胀机6排出的S-CO2则进入ORC蒸发器2对ORC工质进行加热，使ORC工质蒸发过热。从ORC蒸发器2排出的S-CO2则继续进入S-CO2回热器3对工质进行预热。从S-CO2回热器3 排出的S-CO2则进入S-CO2冷却器4冷却后进入S-CO2压缩机5进行压缩后，提高压力后的S-CO2循环工质则进入S-CO2回热器3进行预热完成整个循环。S-CO2冷却器4中乏汽的能量则通过与冷却水泵8提供的冷却水换热带走。从ORC蒸发器2排出的过热工质则进入膨胀机14做功，膨胀机14的膨胀功则通过与之同轴的发电机15转化为电能。膨胀机14排出的乏汽则进入回热器9对工质进行预热。由回热器9排出的乏汽则进入ORC冷凝器10冷凝。从ORC冷凝器10排出的ORC循环液态工质则进入储液罐12，之后通过增压泵13增压之后进入回热器10预热。之后进入ORC蒸发器2中蒸发完成整个循环。ORC循环的乏汽能量通过由冷却水泵11提供的冷却水带走。The exhaust gas discharged from the marine low-speed diesel engine exhaust header 16 first enters the EGR cooler 1 through the main exhaust pipe 18 connected to it, and then enters the main EGR equipment 19. The box 20, mixed with fresh air, enters the cylinder of the ship's low-speed diesel engine for combustion, and discharges into the exhaust header 16. The exhaust gas entering the EGR cooler 1 directly exchanges heat with the S-CO 2 circulating working fluid to increase the temperature of the working fluid. The high-temperature working fluid discharged from the EGR cooler 1 enters the expander 6 to perform work, and the expansion work of the expander 6 is converted into electric energy through the coaxial generator 7 . The S-CO 2 discharged from the expander 6 enters the ORC evaporator 2 to heat the ORC working fluid, so that the ORC working fluid evaporates and superheats. The S-CO 2 discharged from the ORC evaporator 2 continues to enter the S-CO 2 regenerator 3 to preheat the working fluid. The S-CO 2 discharged from the S-CO 2 regenerator 3 enters the S-CO 2 cooler 4 for cooling and then enters the S-CO 2 compressor 5 for compression, and the S-CO 2 circulating working medium after the pressure is increased is Enter the S-CO 2 regenerator 3 for preheating to complete the whole cycle. The energy of exhaust steam in the S-CO 2 cooler 4 is then taken away by exchanging heat with the cooling water provided by the cooling water pump 8 . The superheated working fluid discharged from the ORC evaporator 2 enters the expander 14 to perform work, and the expansion work of the expander 14 is converted into electric energy through the coaxial generator 15 . The exhaust steam discharged from the expander 14 enters the regenerator 9 to preheat the working fluid. The exhaust steam discharged from the regenerator 9 enters the ORC condenser 10 for condensation. The ORC circulating liquid working fluid discharged from the ORC condenser 10 enters the liquid storage tank 12 , and then enters the regenerator 10 for preheating after being pressurized by the booster pump 13 . Then enter the ORC evaporator 2 to evaporate to complete the whole cycle. The exhaust steam energy of the ORC cycle is taken away by the cooling water provided by the cooling water pump 11 .
实施方式二：Implementation mode two:
结合图2，在实施方式一的基础上，更改了S-CO2回热器3的位置，由S-CO2膨胀机6排出的S-CO2首先进入S-CO2回热器3高温侧进行回热后再进入ORC蒸发器2对ORC工质加热，使ORC工质蒸发过热，S-CO2压缩机5出口经S-CO2回热器3低温侧连通EGR冷却器低温侧。Referring to Figure 2, on the basis of Embodiment 1, the position of the S-CO 2 regenerator 3 is changed, and the S-CO 2 discharged from the S-CO 2 expander 6 first enters the S-CO 2 regenerator 3 at high temperature The side is reheated and then enters the ORC evaporator 2 to heat the ORC working fluid, so that the ORC working fluid is evaporated and overheated. The outlet of the S-CO2 compressor 5 is connected to the low-temperature side of the EGR cooler through the low-temperature side of the S-CO2 regenerator 3 .
实施方式三：Implementation mode three:
结合图3，在实施方式一的基础上，为了降低ORC工质高温分解的危险，加入了保护ORC工质的导热油循环：增加了导热油加热器21、导热油泵22，并调整了S-CO2回热器3、ORC蒸发器2的连接关系，S-CO2膨胀机出口经导热油加热器21高温侧连通S-CO2回热器3高温侧进口，ORC蒸发器2高温侧出口通过导热油泵22连通导热油加热器21高温侧进口，导热油加热器21高温侧出口连通ORC蒸发器2高温侧进口，形成循环。In conjunction with Figure 3, on the basis of Embodiment 1, in order to reduce the risk of pyrolysis of the ORC working fluid, a heat transfer oil cycle to protect the ORC working fluid is added: a heat transfer oil heater 21 and a heat transfer oil pump 22 are added, and the S- The connection relationship between CO 2 regenerator 3 and ORC evaporator 2, the outlet of S-CO2 expander is connected to the high temperature side inlet of S-CO 2 regenerator 3 through the heat transfer oil heater 21 high temperature side, and the outlet of ORC evaporator 2 high temperature side passes through The heat transfer oil pump 22 is connected to the high temperature side inlet of the heat transfer oil heater 21, and the high temperature side outlet of the heat transfer oil heater 21 is connected to the high temperature side inlet of the ORC evaporator 2 to form a cycle.
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