Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is: for the trigger point that overcomes two optoelectronic switches in the measurement in time and/or temperature variation the problem of drift appears, contactless rotation axis moment of torsion of a kind of photoelectricity and power-measuring device are provided, and this device can be eliminated drift that the trigger point of optoelectronic switch the produces influence to testing result fully.
The present invention solves its technical matters and adopts following technical scheme:
Contactless rotation axis moment of torsion of photoelectricity provided by the invention and power-measuring device, mainly form by controller, computing machine, photoelectric code disk and optoelectronic switch, wherein: photoelectric code disk has two at least, they are contained on the tested rotation axis, corresponding optoelectronic switch of each photoelectric code disk and be provided with a plurality of equally distributed light holes and light barrier; Computing machine links to each other with the output interface of controller by serial data line, and the measuring-signal input end of controller links to each other with each optoelectronic switch respectively by lead; The signal of all optoelectronic switch outputs is transferred to computing machine through logical calculated with after handling in controller.
Light hole on each photoelectric code disk and light barrier, its corresponding central angle is identical.
Light hole on the photoelectric code disk is a scallop hole.
Contactless rotation axis moment of torsion of above-mentioned photoelectricity provided by the invention and power-measuring device, its purposes is: adopt photoelectric technology to measure the windup-degree of tested rotation axis, beasurement base all is an amount of logic, specifically: in tested rotation axis rotation process, the square-wave signal of exporting when detecting the optoelectronic switch of the inswept correspondence of photoelectric code disk of same quantity with at least two optoelectronic switches, measure the angle signal that tested rotation axis twists and is out of shape by the phase differential that detects between the two-way square wave, this angle signal passes through logical calculated and processing in controller after, by the moment of torsion and the power of the tested rotation axis of COMPUTER CALCULATION.
This measurement device process does not come in contact with tested rotation axis, does not influence this operate as normal.
This device can be measured the change in torque situation of multistage on the same tested rotation axis system simultaneously.
This device is measured moment of torsion and the variable power situation on the tested rotation axis system of several differences simultaneously.
The present invention can adopt following method to carry out logical calculated: also obtain the phase differential pulse signal behind the exclusive disjunction in programmable gate array (FPGA) device at the scene by the square-wave pulse signal that light hole corresponding on the photoelectric code disk is produced, by the counter of certain frequency the width of phase differential pulse is counted then, phase differential is converted to the digital quantity storage.
The present invention installs two photoelectric code disks on measured rotation axis, in measured rotation axis rotation process, the square-wave signal of exporting when detecting the optoelectronic switch of two inswept correspondences of photoelectric code disk with two optoelectronic switches, measure the angle that rotation axis twists and is out of shape by the phase differential that detects between this two-way square wave, thereby calculate the moment of torsion and the power of measured axle.
The present invention compared with prior art has following main advantage:
1. survey axle and do not contact with being rotated, and on-line measurement for a long time: adopted the mode of photoelectric code disk on the mode that the axle moment of torsion obtains in conjunction with optoelectronic switch, in the axle rotation process, can obtain the moment of torsion of any a section or whole axle on the axle, even by introducing the moment of torsion distribution situation that a plurality of photoelectric code disks can also obtain whole axle.Whole measuring process is not to come in contact with measured axle, and not influencing axle is normal rotation work, is convenient to long-time on-line measurement and uses.
2. can suppress the deviation that measurement environment produces: on torque arithmetic, calculate by logical circuit in the controller and can eliminate optoelectronic switch in time and/or the phenomenon of the trigger point drift that occurs of temperature, assurance system long term operation stability, this advantage are to adopt single light source and single photosensitive electronic detectors to be beyond one's reach before in some patents.
3. easy for installation: photoelectric code disk rotates with axle on axle, optoelectronic switch is fixed on the erecting frame motionless, the two installation and detection are not subjected to the influence of the barrier on the axle, therefore can measure the driving torque and the power of whole axle on optimum distance.Adopt this method just more bearing and dividing plate can be arranged on the axle, and the influence of not measured.
4. use wide: can be used in and measure moment of torsion and the variable power that an axle is fastened multistage simultaneously, perhaps measure moment of torsion and variable power situation that several disalignments are simultaneously.
5. the performance that has precision height and lasting stability.The windup-degree measuring accuracy of measured rotation axis can reach 0.001 degree, can be used for the on-line monitoring of long-term marine shafting shaft power.
Embodiment
Contactless rotation axis moment of torsion of photoelectricity and power-measuring device that the present invention proposes, what it adopted is that suitable distance is installed two toothed discs or photoelectric coded disk on tested rotation axis, and the inswept respectively corresponding with it high speed optoelectronic switch generation electric pulse of two photoelectric code disks is exported in tested rotation axis rotation process.After tested rotation axis added load, this rotation axis reversed aggravation, between two toothed discs small reversing relatively can take place.Just can calculate the windup-degree of tested rotation axis by the phase differential between the two-way pulse that detects two photoelectric encoder outputs.After calculating this angle, rotating speed also measured obtain or known in, just can calculate the moment of torsion and the power of described rotation axis.
The present invention gives a kind of logical calculated method to the two-way pulse, and the trigger point that can eliminate optoelectronic switch by this method fully produces the influence of drift to testing result with environmental factors such as temperature.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but do not limit content of the present invention.
Contactless rotation axis moment of torsion of photoelectricity provided by the invention and power-measuring device, its structure as shown in Figure 1, this device mainly is made up of controller 11, computing machine 12, photoelectric code disk and optoelectronic switch, and wherein: photoelectric code disk has a plurality of, and they are contained on the tested rotation axis 1.Each photoelectric code disk is provided with an optoelectronic switch and a plurality of equally distributed light hole.Computing machine 12 links to each other by the output interface of data line with controller 11, realizes the communication of data and the transmission of control signal, and the measuring-signal input end of controller 11 links to each other with each optoelectronic switch respectively by lead.The signal of several roads optoelectronic switch output is transferred to computing machine 12 through logical calculated with after handling in controller 11.
Described photoelectric code disk, present embodiment have provided two, and wherein: what first photoelectric code disk 2 and second photoelectric code disk 4 were corresponding with it respectively is first optoelectronic switch 6 and second optoelectronic switch 7.When photoelectric code disk rotates along with tested rotation axis 1, blade on the photoelectric code disk can periodically block and open the light path between the photoelectric detector and light emitting diode on the optoelectronic switch, and the output of corresponding optoelectronic switch is the pulse of synperiodic low level and high level.What adopt in the computation process is the part of optoelectronic switch high level output, and therefore, we have taked particular design different from the past in the design of the light hole of photoelectric code disk.
Described first photoelectric code disk 2 and second photoelectric code disk 4, its structure be as shown in Figure 2: what two photoelectric code disks adopted is the symmetrical expression design, and promptly the central angle of first light hole 3 on the photoelectric code disk and light barrier 15 correspondences is identical.The electric impulse signal of output is that dutycycle is the square-wave pulse of 1:1 in the inswept optoelectronic switch of photoelectric code disk like this.Positive pulse or negative pulse can both adopt as the signal that moment of torsion detects, and decide with concrete applicable cases.Optoelectronic switch can be installed in the optional position of photoelectric code disk circumference according to principle easy for installation, as long as can shelter from light signal fully when guaranteeing the inswept optoelectronic switch of the blade of photoelectric code disk.Need in addition to guarantee that each photodiode residing position on the circumference of each photoelectric code disk is identical as far as possible when two or more sets photoelectric code disks and photodiode systems are installed, the consistance when keeping detecting.
Each light hole on two photoelectric code disks must be designed to sector structure.Because the rotational angular of tested rotation axis 1 is certain in the measuring process, though the light path of optoelectronic switch in which section conducting of light hole, the time of conducting is only relevant with the corresponding central angle of this light hole.Therefore, in the light hole design process, guarantee that necessarily each fan-shaped center of circle overlaps with the center of circle of tested rotation axis 1, the pulse width of optoelectronic switch output just is directly proportional with the axle rotational angular like this.And the central angle of each light hole correspondence can be determined according to the needs of measuring accuracy, as long as guarantee under the situation of the rotating speed maximum of tested rotation axis, the photoimpact width of the central angle output of light hole correspondence still can satisfy the accuracy requirement that windup-degree is measured, and such central angle size is exactly suitable.
The present invention adopts the combination of two photoelectric code disks and optoelectronic switch to detect windup-degree, and the information relevant with windup-degree all is included between the two pulse signals of optoelectronic switch output.In logical circuit, can take certain logical calculated to two pulse signals, thereby eliminate exist in the two-way pulse because the phenomenon of the optoelectronic switch trigger point drift that causes of environment temperature and time.Last measurement result at first is digitized, and can store in computing machine and handle then, and show current torque value and the time dependent trend curve of moment of torsion in real time on computers.
The present invention adopts the structure of two photoelectric code disks and optoelectronic switch to carry out torque measurement also to have another advantage.Owing to two photoelectric code disks need be installed in the precision that distance suitable on the tested rotation axis 1 could guarantee measurement, yet, methods such as employing laser generally on large-scale tested rotation axis, can have the barrier that be similar to Fig. 1 centre bearer 8 one classes, if can only could be crossed over these barriers by optical fiber.The method that adopts photoelectric code disk and optoelectronic switch combination can be installed in photoelectric code disk any suitable place on the tested rotation axis to the influence that the moment of torsion and the power detection of tested rotation axis just can not be subjected to these barriers on the tested rotation axis.
Described tested rotation axis 1, it is the object that this moment of torsion and power measuring system will be measured.
Above-mentioned photoelectric code disk, the same prior art of its structure, for example: use and the grating encoder of measuring motor speed.But grating encoder is measured the rotating speed of motor with the pulse number of output, and described here be to be to be used for the angle that measurement axis twists by two such photoelectric code disks.
Described controller 11 adopts FPGA and microprocessor to form logical calculated and control system.Its structure is: FPGA obtains the digital quantity of the measured angle of reversing as logical operation module; Be transferred to computing machine 12 by serial line interface behind the digital data acquisition of the angle that microprocessor reverses axle.
Described computing machine 12 adopts common desk-top computer or notebook computer, and computing machine 12 passes through serial interface communication with controller 11.
Described first optoelectronic switch 6 and second optoelectronic switch 7 are made up of infrarede emitting diode and infrared photodiode.Be the high speed optoelectronic switch, have higher response frequency and short rise time.
The course of work of device of the present invention is: the inswept optoelectronic switch of photoelectric code disk has formed bright/dark pulse, and corresponding respectively optoelectronic switch output is high/low level pulse.In principle, be the opposite relation of logic between the bright dark signal, so adopt any calculating that may be used to windup-degree.As previously mentioned, be beasurement base with bright pulse in the design, the high level pulse of optoelectronic switch output just.Not during loading, first light hole 3 of the correspondence on first photoelectric code disk 2 and second photoelectric code disk 4 and second light hole 5 be inswept optoelectronic switch respectively, the pulse output that has produced the two-way high level on tested rotation axis 1.Have a fixing phase differential between the bright pulse of two-way, this phase differential can be noted in advance as initial phase, establishing this initial phase is t.After adding load on the tested rotation axis 1, owing to twist on this rotation axis, relative skew has taken place between first light hole 3 and second light hole 5 in this moment, phase differential between the bright pulse of two-way of optoelectronic switch output also will change, phase difference value increases with the increase of load, and establishing the phase differential that increases this moment is Δ t.By the variation of this phase differential, can calculate the variation of windup-degree between two photoelectric code disks, just can calculate the variation of rotation axis moment of torsion after loading in conjunction with the physical parameters such as elastic modulus of tested rotation axis material.This principle as shown in Figure 3.After loading, the width of the phase differential between the two-way pulse of first optoelectronic switch 6 and 7 outputs of second optoelectronic switch will increase to t+ Δ t.
The present invention is in order to extract the phase differential between two code-discs, and the pulse signal of exporting from two optoelectronic switches is imported into the logical circuit, and two paths of signals is carried out XOR, just can extract the phase differential between them.In the rotation of tested rotation axis, logical circuit output be series of pulses, pulse width has been represented the phase differential between two photoelectric code disks.Pulse waveform as shown in Figure 4.Exist the waveform of phase differential to mark A and B respectively to two among the figure, suppose the respectively output waveform of first optoelectronic switch 6 and second optoelectronic switch 7 in the presentation graphs 1 of A, B.
The front is mentioned photoelectric sensor and can be changed with temperature and service time etc., thereby causes the trigger point to drift about.This phenomenon can't overcome in the product that only uses single-sensor, for the metering system that adopts two sensors, if do not compensate, probably because the direction difference of the trigger point drift that two sensors occur produces very large error.For the design of having adopted two photoelectric sensors among the present invention, after equipment work enters steady state (SS), can start the logical calculated program that designs, two sensors is compensated with the trigger point drift that temperature produces in time, offset the drift of two sensors, identical under the phase difference between signals that makes two sensors outputs and the steady state (SS).The principle that photoelectric sensor trigger point drift is offset is as shown in Figure 4: for the phase differential between A, the B two paths of signals, before loading not, represent the initial phase of measuring system, after loading, the increment of phase differential will be used to calculate the windup-degree size on the rotation axis.
Dotted line signal among Fig. 4 on A, the B two paths of signals is represented and has been occurred certain trigger point drift phenomenon on the signal of every road respectively, and the size of dash area representative drift is established A road signal and leading drift delta A occurred, and the drift delta B that lags behind has appearred in the B road.When the trigger point drift not occurring, directly A, B signal XOR have just been obtained the phase differential between the two paths of signals, use A xor B(org among the figure) the original phase signal of expression.And after the trigger point drift occurring, error has just appearred in the phase differential between the two paths of signals that direct XOR obtains later on, represents current phase signal with A xor B (cur) among the figure.Yet, by relatively do not occur between A, the B before the drift of trigger point and signal A and B (org) and A, B between occurred after the drift of trigger point with signal A and B(cur) can find that the difference between these two signals just in time is the algebraically difference of the trigger point drift error that occurs on A, the B two-way.Therefore, in computation process, we only need in system stability work, note in advance between A this moment, the B two paths of signals with after the result as a reference quantity of system stability work, in the back no matter in the working time how long, as long as the phase differential that current A, B two paths of signals XOR are obtained with current two paths of signals with sum as a result deduct between the A that preserves before, the B original signal with the result, just can eliminate the error that two sensor-triggered point drifts produce, obtain real phase differential size.
The present invention is by adopting above-mentioned logical calculated method, can overcome the drift about error of generation of the sensor-triggered point that not have in the relevant design in the past to eliminate.This module also can be applicable to the occasion that the other field utilization has identical its deviation of two-way sensor measurement of correlativity.
According to Fig. 4, XOR of A, B two paths of signals calculates and produces two phase differential, does the calculating of eliminating drift again after can be to these two phase signals average, to suppress stochastic error.Phase signal to each acquisition can quantize by the counter of certain frequency, and counter frequency is high more, and the precision when calculating so is also high more, yet the data length in the computation process is also long more, and institute's time spent is also just long more.Can get suitable surely counter frequency according to the systematic error situation.The moving circle of axle revolution will produce a plurality of pulse signals, can be to the phase differential summation that is obtained, and then rotate the number of turns or reasonable time according to suitable axle and average operation at interval and upgrade and handle, with the random noise error in the elimination measuring process.
The number of teeth of photoelectric code disk is certain, so the pulse number of the moving circle optoelectronic switch output of axle revolution is certain, can note the moving circle of tested rotation axis revolution by a timer produces the required time of these umber of pulses, thereby can calculate the rotating speed of current tested rotation axis rotation, i.e. the RPM value.And just can obtain the more RPM value of high precision and resolution by the timer of selecting degree of precision for use.
In the measuring process, the phase differential t of two-way optoelectronic switch output when noting not loading earlier, record adds the phase differential t+ Δ t after the load then, thereby can calculate amount of bias Δ t.In order to eliminate the inaccurate factor that produces such as vibration or the like cyclical movement, can superpose to the signal of representing windup-degree in the rotation number of turns and ask average every certain axle.Again according to before the knowledge of material parameter of the mean value of the RPM that measures and relevant axle, just can calculate on the tested rotation axis moment of torsion with spool power.
Be introduced in by first lead 9 and second lead 10 from the electric impulse signal of optoelectronic switch output and carry out pre-service the controller 11, obtain by the logical circuit in the controller 11 then and the variation of phase differential between two code-discs when calculating load, and result of calculation is transferred in the computing machine 12 by serial ports.Rotating speed, moment of torsion and the power etc. of axle all can be presented on the display 13 and/or LCD display 14 of computing machine 12 in real time with curve form and digital form, and curve can reflect each physical quantity situation of change in time.
The present invention is except can be by measuring the physical quantitys such as moment of torsion of whole tested rotation axis in the mode of two photoelectric code disks of installation separated by a distance on the tested rotation axis, its Another application is exactly can be on tested rotation axis equidistant a plurality of photoelectric code disks that are provided with, as shown in Figure 5: four photoelectric code disks have been installed on tested rotation axis 1, are respectively the 3rd photoelectric code disk 16, the 4th photoelectric code disk 17, the 5th photoelectric code disk 18, the 6th photoelectric code disk 19.Detect change in torque on the tested rotation axis of each section piecemeal by same method, thereby obtain the moment of torsion distribution situation on the tested rotation axis, just can analyze tested rotation axis in the situation of change of bearing each section moment of torsion and power etc. under the loading condition, make and measure and the analytical work refinement.This application is that in the past torch measuring system can't be realized.
Biggest advantage of the present invention is, as in Fig. 1, adopted first photoelectric code disk 2 and second photoelectric code disk 4 mode on the mode that tested rotation axis 1 moment of torsion obtains in conjunction with first optoelectronic switch 6 and second optoelectronic switch 7, can obtain the moment of torsion of any a section or whole axle on the measured rotation axis, even by introducing the moment of torsion distribution situation that a plurality of photoelectric code disks can also obtain each section on the whole tested rotation axis; On torque arithmetic, calculate by logical circuit in the controller 11 and can eliminate first optoelectronic switch 6 and second optoelectronic switch 7 in time and/or the phenomenon of the trigger point drift that occurs of temperature, can guarantee system's long term operation stability; Controller is provided with a plurality of photoimpact input ports, gather and calculate when realizing organizing phase differential more, except the moment of torsion and power of multistage on the measurement axis simultaneously, the windup-degree of a plurality of systems be can also gather simultaneously and a plurality of moment of torsion and power calculated, once can only measure a root system than foil gauge or string wire, have the advantage of saving Measuring Time and manpower.