CN102015875A - 中空模塑的烯烃组合物 - Google Patents
中空模塑的烯烃组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种可中空模塑的组合物,其包括低密度聚乙烯树脂、丙烯-乙烯共聚物、烯烃嵌段共聚物、热塑性烯烃和硅油的混合物、以及可选择的颜料。提供了一种用于由可中空模塑的组合物形成仪表板表皮的方法。
Description
发明背景
技术领域
本发明涉及可用于制造机动车内部仪表板表皮(instrument panel skin)的树脂。
背景技术
目前,三种制造工艺在汽车仪表板制造领域居于主导地位。这些主导工艺为中空模塑(slush molding)、真空成型、氨基甲酸酯喷涂。尽管每种工艺表现都很好,但存在伴随的问题。
真空成型的仪表板具有一个坚硬的“把手(hand)”且在-30℃下的-30℃气囊展开时表现得不够干净(无破裂及碎片)。并且,长期风化使得这些产品变得易碎。氨基甲酸酯喷涂(具有固有的耐光性的脂肪族氨基甲酸酯和需要用于耐候性的涂层的芳香族氨基甲酸酯)具有不太合意的“把手”。尽管氨基甲酸酯喷涂在老化和风化后表现出性能保持,但这些材料同样在-30℃无缝气囊展开时发生破裂及产生碎片。中空模塑可采用PVC和TPU弹性体。尽管某些改性的PVC材料具有可接受的无漆“把手”用于仪表板,但同样的材料倾向于在-30℃无缝气囊展开时表现出同样的破裂及产生碎片的问题。
使用源自裂化的烃源的单体(例如乙烯、丙烯、丁烯等)以形成许多聚合物树脂。例如,几十年来,这些单体已经用来生产HDPE、LLDPE、LDPE以及PP树脂。然而,这样的树脂通常并不用于中空模塑应用中。
因此,需要提供一种新的材料用于制造汽车仪表板并使其具有可接受的美感及触感,同时在低温气囊展开时表现出适当的功能。
发明概述
本发明通过在至少一个实施方案中提供聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物来解决现有技术的一个或多个问题。所述可中空模塑的组合物包括低密度聚乙烯树脂、丙烯-乙烯共聚物、烯烃嵌段共聚物、热塑性烯烃和硅油的混合物、以及可选择的颜料。
另一个实施方案中,提供一种制造仪表板表皮的方法。该实施方案的方法包括将聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物引入模具中的步骤。通常,这些组合物是粉末状的。所述聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物被加热到足以在模具的至少一部分上形成层的温度。多余的粉末从模具中被倒出且视需要可继续加热。从模具中取出仪表板表皮。
附图简述
图1A和1B是描绘了用于形成仪表板表皮的一个实施方案的图示流程图。并且
图2是描绘了将支撑结构应用于仪表板表皮的图示流程图。
优选实施方案的详细描述
以下将详细介绍本发明目前优选的组合物、实施方案以及方法,其构成了目前发明人所知的实施本发明的最佳模式。附图不一定是按比例的。然而,应当理解所公开的实施方案仅为本发明的示例,本发明可以各种形式和可选择的形式来体现。因此,本文公开的具体细节不应当被理解为限定而仅仅作为本发明任一方面的代表性基本内容和/或作为教导本领域技术人员以各种方式利用本发明的代表性基本内容。
除了在实施例中或另外明确指示的地方以外,说明书中指示材料的量或反应条件和/或用途的所有数量应当被理解为被描述本发明最宽范围的词汇“约”所修饰。
还应当理解,本发明不应被限定于以下所描述的具体实施方案和方法,因为具体组分和/或条件当然可以变化。此外,本文中所使用的术语仅仅用于描述本发明具体实施方案的目的而并非意图以任何方式作为限制。
还必须注意的是,如说明书和所附权利要求书中使用的单数形式“一个(或种)”(“a”)、“一个(或种)”(“an”)、“该(或所述)”(“the”)包含复数的指示对象,除非上下文以相反方式明确指示。例如,以单数形式提及的组分旨在包含多个组分。
贯穿本申请,当引用出版物时,这些出版物的公开内容的全文在此通过引用并入本申请中以更充分描述本发明所属技术领域的发展水平。
本发明的一个实施方案中,提供了一种聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物。本实施方案的组合物包括具有小于约0.95g/cm3的密度的低密度聚乙烯树脂。在一个改进中,低密度聚乙烯树脂具有小于约0.93g/cm3的密度。在另一个改进中,低密度聚乙烯树脂具有约0.90g/cm3至约0.95g/cm3的密度。密度是根据ASTM D 4883测定的。在另一个改进中,聚乙烯树脂具有约100g/10分钟至约250g/10分钟(190℃,2.116Kg)的熔体流动指数。这些熔体流动指数根据ASTM D 1238测定。合适的聚烯烃包括但不限于EC812,可购自位于Longview TX的Westlake Chemical。特别地,EC812具有非常高的熔体流动指数(200g/10分钟,190℃/2.116Kg(ASTM D 1238))、0.909的密度(根据ASTM D4883)以及<-28℃的脆化温度(ASTM D1525)。在本实施方案的一个变化形式中,聚乙烯树脂以聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物总重量的约60%至约99%的量存在。在本实施方案的另一个变化形式中,聚乙烯树脂以聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物总重量的约70%至约90%的量存在。在本实施方案的另一个变化形式中,聚乙烯树脂以聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物总重量的约75%至约80%的量存在。
聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物还包括丙烯-乙烯共聚物。用于本实施方案的丙烯-乙烯共聚物通过许多物理特性表征。在一个改进中,丙烯-乙烯共聚物具有小于约20%的总结晶度。在另一个改进中,丙烯-乙烯共聚物具有约1500psi至约2500psi的弯曲模量(1%割线)和约40至约80的肖氏硬度(ISO 898 ASTM D2240)。可使用的丙烯-乙烯共聚物的实例包括但不限于VersifyTM系或可购自Dow Chemical Company的弹性体。VersifyTM 2400被发现是尤为适用的。VersifyTM2400具有窄的分子量分布和宽的结晶度分布,其熔体流动速率为2g/10分钟(230℃/2.16kg,根据ASTM D 1238),玻璃化温度为-33℃,总结晶度为7%且肖氏硬度为68(ASTM D 2240)。通常,丙烯-乙烯共聚物以聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物的约1%至25%的重量百分比的量存在。在另一个改进中,丙烯-乙烯共聚物以聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物的约5%至20%的重量百分比的量存在。仍在另一个改进中,丙烯-乙烯共聚物以聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物的约20%的重量百分比的量存在。
在本发明的一个变化形式中,聚烯烃组合物还包括热塑性硫化橡胶。这类热塑性硫化橡胶为热塑性弹性体。通常,这类热塑性硫化橡胶是非吸湿性的。这类热塑性硫化橡胶的合适的例子包括但不限于Santoprene 8211-55B100,可购自位于Akron OH的ExxonMobil。这种材料的脆化温度为-44℃(ASTM D746),肖氏硬度为58(ASTM D2240),且密度为1.04。通常,热塑性硫化橡胶以聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物的约1%至25%的重量百分比的量存在。在另一个改进中,热塑性硫化橡胶以聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物的约5%至20%的重量百分比的量存在。仍在另一个改进中,热塑性硫化橡胶以聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物的约20%的重量百分比的量存在。
在另一个变化形式中,聚烯烃基组合物还包括具有硬段和软段交替单元的烯烃嵌段共聚物。可用的烯烃嵌段共聚物的实例为来自Dow Chemical(Midland MI)的Infuse D9000.00,其被描述为一种具有硬段和软段交替单元的高性能烯烃嵌段共聚物。这些烯烃嵌段共聚物的熔化温度和结晶温度均有高达50℃的提高,这导致了较高的耐热性和较快的设置时间。Infuse D9000.00的熔体流动指数据报告为0.5g/分钟(190℃/2.16Kg),根据ASTM D1238;密度为0.877且肖氏硬度为75(根据ASTM D2240)。通常,烯烃嵌段共聚物以聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物的约1%至25%的重量百分比的量存在。在另一个改进中,烯烃嵌段共聚物以聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物的约5%至20%的重量百分比的量存在。仍在另一个改进中,烯烃嵌段共聚物以聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物的约20%的重量百分比的量存在。
在本实施方案的另一个变化形式中,聚烯烃基组合物还包括热塑性烯烃和硅油的混合物。这类烯烃/硅油的混合物的合适的例子包括但不限于来自位于Flint MI的American Commodities Incorporated的PRI 3116。它被描述为一种肖氏硬度为34的含有硅油的密度为0.8914(根据ASTM D 792)的透明热塑性烯烃。通常,热塑性烯烃和硅油的混合物以聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物的约1%至25%的重量百分比的量存在。在另一个改进中,热塑性烯烃和硅油的混合物以聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物的约5%至20%的重量百分比的量存在。仍在另一个改进中,热塑性烯烃和硅油的混合物以聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物的约20%的重量百分比的量存在。
在本发明的又一个变化形式中,聚烯烃组合物包括至少一种颜料。颜料的合适的例子包括但不限于,Clariant 2N4A Medium Dark,它是UF-0205 TPU中的色母料,其包含足以通过在最终弹性体中占2%按重量计的颜料固体提供在最终弹性体中占0.50%和0.12%按重量计的Irganox 1135(Ciba-Geigy)和Irganox 5057(Ciba-Geigy)。在一个改进中,颜料以聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物的约0.2%至约10%的重量百分比的量存在。
参考图1A和1B,提供了描绘用于形成仪表板表皮的一种中空模塑方法的图示流程图。本实施方案的方法包括将聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物10引入模具12内。模具12的至少一部分是由金属如不锈钢或镍制造的。聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物10包括上述组分。
在随后的步骤b)中,聚烯烃基可中空模塑的组合物10被加热到足以在模具12的至少一部分上形成层14的温度。在一个改进中,氨基甲酸酯基树脂组合物10被加热到约170℃至250℃之间的温度。在步骤c)中,从模具12中倒出粉末。如果需要,进一步加热模具从而使所有粉末都熔化。最后,在步骤e)中,从模具12中取出仪表板表皮20。通常,仪表板表皮20具有约0.5mm至约2mm的厚度。
参考图2,提供了显示将背衬应用于仪表板表皮20的流程图。在步骤f)中,结构部件22被应用于仪表板表皮20。通过本领域技术人员所知的方法中的任何一种或几种来应用这种结构部件。在一个改进中,结构部件22具有约2mm至约20mm的厚度。在一些变化形式中,使用泡沫树脂如Dow Specflex NM815。在一个变化形式中,表皮22可被放置于一个提供预定形状的模具内,且一氨基甲酸酯背衬喷涂于仪表板表皮20的背面。在另一个变化形式中,结构部件22可被模制到仪表板表皮20上。这种情况下可使用热塑性树脂。
虽然已说明和描述了本发明的实施方案,但不应当认为这些实施方案说明和描述了本发明的所有可能形式。更确切地,说明书中使用的词汇是描述性的而非限制性的词汇,并且应当理解,可做出各种变化而不偏离本发明的精神以及范围。
Claims (20)
1.一种应用于中空模塑的聚烯烃基组合物,所述聚烯烃基组合物包括:
低密度聚乙烯树脂;及
丙烯-乙烯共聚物。
2.权利要求1所述的聚烯烃基组合物,还包括烯烃嵌段共聚物。
3.权利要求1所述的聚烯烃基组合物,其中所述烯烃嵌段共聚物以所述聚烯烃基组合物总重量的约1%至约25%的量存在。
4.权利要求1所述的聚烯烃基组合物,还包括热塑性烯烃和硅油的混合物。
5.权利要求1所述的聚烯烃基组合物,其中所述热塑性烯烃和硅油的混合物以所述聚烯烃基组合物总重量的约1%至约25%的量存在。
6.权利要求1所述的聚烯烃基组合物,还包括一种颜料。
7.权利要求1所述的聚烯烃基组合物,其中所述热塑性烯烃和硅油的混合物以所述聚烯烃基组合物总重量的约60%至约99%的量存在。
8.权利要求1所述的聚烯烃基组合物,其中所述热塑性烯烃和硅油的混合物低密度聚乙烯树脂以所述聚烯烃基组合物总重量的约70%至约90%的量存在。
9.权利要求1所述的聚烯烃基组合物,其中所述丙烯-乙烯共聚物以所述聚烯烃基组合物总重量的约1%至约25%的量存在。
10.权利要求1所述的聚烯烃基组合物,其中所述低密度聚乙烯树脂具有小于0.95g/ml的密度。
11.一种应用于中空模塑的聚烯烃基组合物,所述聚烯烃基组合物包括:
低密度聚乙烯树脂;
丙烯-乙烯共聚物;
烯烃嵌段共聚物;及
热塑性烯烃和硅油的混合物。
12.权利要求11所述的聚烯烃基组合物,其中所述烯烃嵌段共聚物以所述聚烯烃基组合物总重量的约1%至约25%的量存在。
13.权利要求11所述的聚烯烃基组合物,其中所述热塑性烯烃和硅油的混合物以所述聚烯烃基组合物总重量的约1%至约25%的量存在。
14.权利要求11所述的聚烯烃基组合物,其中所述热塑性烯烃和硅油的混合物以所述聚烯烃基组合物总重量的约60%至约99%的量存在。
15.权利要求11所述的聚烯烃基组合物,其中所述热塑性烯烃和硅油的混合物低密度聚乙烯树脂以所述聚烯烃基组合物总重量的约70%至约90%的量存在。
16.权利要求11所述的聚烯烃基组合物,其中所述丙烯-乙烯共聚物以所述聚烯烃基组合物总重量的约1%至约25%的量存在。
17.权利要求11所述的聚烯烃基组合物,其中所述低密度聚乙烯树脂具有小于0.95g/ml的密度。
18.一种形成仪表板表皮的方法,所述方法包括:
a)引入聚烯烃基组合物,所述聚烯烃基组合物包括:
低密度聚乙烯树脂;及
丙烯-乙烯共聚物;
b)将所述聚烯烃基组合物加热到足以在模具的至少一部分上形成层的温度;
c)将粉末从所述模具中倒出;
d)可选择地继续加热所述模具以使所有粉末熔化;以及
e)将所述仪表板表皮从所述模具中取出。
19.权利要求17所述的方法,还包括:
f)将所述仪表板表皮应用于结构部件上。
20.权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述聚烯烃基组合物还包括烯烃嵌段共聚物以及热塑性烯烃和硅油的混合物。
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- 2009-02-06 CA CA2722863A patent/CA2722863A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-02-06 WO PCT/US2009/033412 patent/WO2009134504A1/en active Application Filing
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