CN101978987B - 一种冬凌草提取物在制备治疗抗脑缺血药物中的应用 - Google Patents
一种冬凌草提取物在制备治疗抗脑缺血药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种冬凌草提取物在制备治疗抗脑缺血药物中的应用,可有效解决抗脑缺血药物的制备,实现冬凌草提取物在制备治疗抗脑缺血药物中的应用问题,取冬凌草药材,放入溶剂内浸泡,提取两次,合并两次提取液,水浴浓缩干燥,得脂溶性提取物,可有效用于制备治疗抗脑缺血,所说的溶剂为体积浓度95%的乙醇或甲醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯的一种,其制备方法是:取冬凌草药材,加10倍溶剂浸泡30min,提取,回收提取液;药渣再加8倍溶剂,提取,得药渣提取液,合并提取液,回收溶剂后,水浴浓缩干燥,得冬凌草脂溶性提取物,该提取物可有效解决抗脑缺血药物的制备,制备方法简单,易于生产,是冬凌草医用价值上的创新,经济和社会效益巨大。
Description
一、技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域,特别是一种冬凌草提取物在制备治疗抗脑缺血药物中的应用。
二、背景技术
冬凌草为唇形科香茶菜属植物碎米桠Rabdosia rubescens(H ems.l)Hara的地上草质部分,河南是主产区。冬凌草味苦,性微寒,具清热解毒,消炎止痛及抗肿瘤之功效。河南民间用于治疗咽喉肿痛、食管癌等已有五十余年历史,临床报道其水及醇提取物对食管癌、贲门癌、肝癌、乳腺癌有一定疗效。近年来的药理研究充分证明,冬凌草有良好的消炎、抗菌、镇痛作用,可有效地抑制甲型、乙型溶血性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等。
脑缺血属于中医“缺血中风”的范围,缺血性脑血管疾病是威胁人类健康与生存的主要疾病之一,是中老年人常见病,具有高发病率、高患病率、高死亡率、高致残率、高复发率的特点,是目前重点防治的一种疾病。脑梗死时血管狭窄或闭塞,导致脑组织局部的缺血或坏死,其发病机理属中医“血瘀”范畴,中医历来主张使用以“活血化瘀”为主的治则来治疗本病,应用“活血化瘀”方药治疗脑缺血取得了较好的效果,得到了广泛的肯定。
本研究所用冬凌草是河南道地药材,又名冰凌草(Rabdosia rubescens(Hamst)),系唇形科香茶菜属植物,味甘苦,性微寒。全草为民间常用草药,具有清热解毒、消炎止痛、健胃活血等功效。化学成份分析证实冬凌草含有从单萜、倍半萜、二萜、三萜、挥发油、甙类及多糖等一系列物质。从冬凌草叶的提取物中分离出五种二萜类化合物,即冬凌草甲、乙、丙、丁及戊素,为其主要抗癌活性成份。主要的药理作用是抗肿瘤作用(抗细胞增殖作用、抑制癌细胞DNA、RNA和蛋白质的合成及抗突变作用)、β-受体阻断作用及抗菌消炎作用(冬凌草醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌及甲型链球菌有明显抗菌作用,对大肠杆菌的作用则很弱,对白色葡萄球菌、乙型链球菌、弗氏痢疾杆菌表现出较强的抗菌作用,对伤寒杆菌、痢疾杆菌、变形杆菌作用也较强。冬凌草鲜叶的水提物具有广谱的抗菌活性,对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均有抑制作用,对革兰氏阳性菌的抗菌活性要比对革兰氏阴性菌的高;对枯草芽孢杆菌和绿脓杆菌具有杀灭作用。其次,冬凌草醇提取物对大鼠棉球肉芽肿有抑制作用,对小鼠有镇痛作用)。
临床上冬凌草对食管癌、贲门癌、结肠癌、肝癌有一定疗效,还可与常用化疗药物联合使用,如PN(平阳霉素+消瘤芥)、顺铂等,有增效作用。另外,冬凌草对化脓性扁桃体炎,急、慢性咽喉炎及慢性气管炎等有也良好的功效。现代研究还发现该化合物或制剂具有持久而缓和的中枢抑制、降低血压、双向调节等作用。另外,冬凌草素还可降低肝微粒体细胞色素P-450含量,抑制苯巴比妥钠及强致癌物三氯联苯的诱导作用,P-450可激活多种致癌物(如亚硝胺、黄曲霉素及多环芳香烃类)与核酸等大分子物质发生作用而引起癌变。
冬凌草长期以来作为一种有良好活性但低毒性的抗肿瘤植物,在近20多年内受到国内外学者的关注。但直到目前,还没有发现其对脑缺血的任何报道。
三、发明内容
针对上述情况,为克服现有技术之缺陷,本发明之目的就是提供一种冬凌草提取物在制备治疗抗脑缺血药物中的应用,可有效解决抗脑缺血药物的制备,实现冬凌草提取物在制备治疗抗脑缺血药物中的应用问题,其解决的技术方案是:
取冬凌草药材,放入溶剂内浸泡,提取两次,合并两次提取液,水浴浓缩干燥,得脂溶性提取物(或称冬凌草脂溶性部位提取物),该提取物可有效用于制备治疗抗脑缺血,所说的溶剂为体积浓度95%的乙醇或甲醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯的一种,该脂溶性提取物的制备方法是:
取冬凌草药材,加10倍冬凌草药材重量的溶剂中浸泡30min,提取1h,回收提取液;药渣再加8倍冬凌草药材重量的溶剂,提取1h,得药渣提取液,合并提取液,回收溶剂后,水浴浓缩干燥,得冬凌草脂溶性提取物,该提取物可有效解决抗脑缺血药物的制备,制备方法简单,易于生产,是冬凌草医用价值上的创新,经济和社会效益巨大。
四、具体实施方式
以下结合具体情况,对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明。
选取冬凌草的地上草质部分,购自河南济源市。取该取冬凌草20克,加200克95%的乙醇,浸泡30min,提取1h,过滤得提取液,药渣再加160克的95%的乙醇,提取1h,过滤得药渣提取液,合并两次的提取液,回收乙醇后,水浴浓缩,干燥,得冬凌草提取物,冬凌草提取物经多次多批多种不同的量按上述方法提取均取得了相同或相近似的结果,该方法稳定可靠,其冬凌草提取物有效用于制备治疗抗脑缺血的药物,并经反复多次多批动物实验,充分证明了冬凌草脂溶性提取物具有抗脑缺血作用,实现了冬凌草提取物在制备治疗抗脑缺血药物中的应用,有关动物实验资料如下:
1.药品试剂
冬凌草提取物试剂,冬凌草为唇形科香茶菜属植物碎米桠Rabdosia rubescens(Hems.l)Hara的地上草质部分,购自济源市;取冬凌草药材,加10倍量95%的乙醇,浸泡30min,提取1h,回收药液;药渣再加8倍量95%的乙醇,提取1h;合并提取液,回收乙醇后水浴浓缩干燥,干燥物加水制成冬凌草提取物试剂;
地塞米松磷酸钠注射液生产,批号0907183;江苏涟水制药有限公司生产;养血清脑颗粒,由天津天士力制药股份有限公司生产,批号Z10960082;NOS测试盒,南京建成生物工程研究所提供,批号20100626;NO测试盒,南京建成生物工程研究所提供,批号20100626;ATP检测试剂盒,由南京建成生物工程研究所提供,批号20100114,20100613;考马斯亮蓝测试盒,南京建成生物工程研究所提供,批号20100626;尼莫地平片,西安博爱制药有限责任公司提供,批号090117;华佗再造丸,广州奇星药业有限公司提供,批号7438。
1.2实验动物
小白鼠,清洁级,昆明种,由河北省实验动物中心提供,18~22g,雌雄各半,合格证号912102;动物合格证编号:28~32g,雄性,合格证号1006019。
1.3实验仪器
自动血液流变仪(LBY-N6B & LBY-N6K),北京普利生仪器有限公司生产;UV-2000紫外可见分光光度计,尤尼柯(上海)仪器有限公司生产;TGL-16G台式离心机,上海安亭科学仪器厂生产;电子分析天平,奥豪斯(上海)公司生产;DZKW-4型电子恒温水浴锅,北京永光明医疗仪器厂生产;DY89-1型电动玻璃匀浆机,宁波新芝生物科技有限公司生产;可调式移液器,上海雷勃分析仪器有限公司生产。
2.实验方法与结果
2.1对小鼠常压耐缺氧的影响
取昆明种小鼠50只,雌雄各半,体重19~22g,随机分为5组,每组10只,分别灌服大、中、小剂量的冬凌草醇提物混悬液(0.2g/ml,0.1g/ml、0.05g/ml,0.2ml/10g),养血清脑颗粒混悬液(0.1g/ml,0.2ml/10g)及同体积的生理盐水(0.2ml/10g)。每天给药1次,连续给药5天。末次给药1小时后,将小鼠置于经容量标定的150mL广口瓶中,瓶内置10g钠石灰用以吸附二氧化碳,瓶盖迅速涂以凡士林密封,使之不漏气,立即计时,以呼吸停止为指标,记录小鼠在密闭磨口瓶内的存活时间。结果见表1。
*表示与模型组比P<0.05,**表示与模型组比(P<0.01)
从上表可看出,与空白对照组比,大、中、小剂量冬凌草提取物组和养血清脑颗粒组均可显著性提高小鼠常压耐缺氧能力(P<0.01),以大、中剂量冬凌草提取物组作用为优。
2.2对小鼠脑缺血再灌注模型的影响
取昆明种小鼠60只,雌雄各半,体重19~22g,随机分为6组,每组10只;其中5组造脑缺血再灌注模型,另有1组为空白对照组。造模型5组分别灌服大、中、小剂量的冬凌草醇提物混悬液(0.2g/ml,0.1g/ml、0.05g/ml,0.2ml/10g),养血清脑颗粒混悬液(0.1g/ml,0.2ml/10g)及同体积的生理盐水(0.2ml/10g),空白对照组给同体积的生理盐水(0.2ml/10g),每天给药1次,连续给药5天。于末次给药1h(禁食不禁水12h),小鼠称重后10%水合氯醛腹腔注射麻醉小鼠,仰面固定于小鼠固定器上;颈部消毒,正中切口,钝性分离;暴露双侧颈总动脉,阻断双侧颈总动脉血流30min后恢复灌流后缝合,各小鼠恢复再灌注24h后,脱颈椎处死,迅速取脑组织称重,加9倍生理盐水充分匀浆,高速低温离心机离心,取上清液(制成样本);按照试剂盒说明说要求测定脑组织蛋白含量及ATP酶活力,具体测定方法参见附1、附2,结果见表2。
附1考马斯亮兰蛋白测定操作顺序表
混匀,静置10分钟,于595nm处,1cm光径,蒸馏水调零,测各管OD值蛋白含量(g/L)=(测定管OD值-空白管OD值)×标准管浓度÷(标准管OD值-空白管OD值)
附2脑匀浆中ATP酶测定操作顺序表
(注:各试液是试剂盒已备有的)
混匀,4000rpm离心10分钟,取上清200μl定磷
定磷
混匀,37℃水浴30分钟,冷却至室温,在660nm,1cm光径蒸馏水调零比色
注:A管为对照管;B管为Na+K+-ATP酶管;C管为Mg++-ATP酶管;D管为Ca++-ATP酶管;组织中ATP活力(μmolPi/mgprot/hour)=(测定管OD值一对照管OD值)÷标准管OD值×标准管浓度(0.5μmol/ml)×反应体系中样品稀释倍数(2.5)×6÷样本蛋白含量(mgprot/ml)
表2冬凌草对小鼠脑缺血模型脑匀浆ATP酶活力的影响
**表示与模型组比(P<0.01)
从上表可看出,与空白对照组比,模型组Na+-K+-ATP、Mg++-ATP、Ca++-ATP及Ca++-Mg++-ATP活力显著降低(P<0.01),说明造模型成功。与模型组比,大、中、小剂量冬凌草提取物组和养血清脑颗粒组均可显著性提高小鼠脑缺血模型脑匀浆Na+-K+ATP、Mg++-ATP、Ca++-ATP及Ca++-Mg++-ATP活力(P<0.01)。以大、中剂量冬凌草提取物组作用为优。
2.3对小鼠血瘀合并脑缺血再灌注模型的影响
取昆明种小鼠216只,雄性,体重29~32g,随机分为9组,每组24只;其中1组为空白对照组、1组为血瘀模型假手术组、1组为不造血瘀模型手术组,另6组小鼠全部造血瘀模型加手术造血瘀合并脑缺血模型。造血瘀合并脑缺血模型6组,分别灌服大、中、小剂量的冬凌草醇提物混悬液(0.2g/ml,0.1g/ml、0.05g/ml,0.2ml/10g)、华佗再造丸混悬液(0.1g/ml,0.2ml/10g)、尼莫地平混悬液(0.02g/ml,0.2ml/10g)及同体积的生理盐水(0.2ml/10g),空白对照组、血瘀模型假手术组和不造血瘀模型手术组均灌同体积的生理盐水(0.2ml/10g)。每天给药1次,连续给药16天;在第1天给药同时,造血瘀模型的7组均每天后腿肌肉注射地塞米松0.8mg/kg(不造血瘀模型的2组注射等体积生理盐水),连续15d。于第16d给药后1h(禁食不禁水12h),各组小鼠经10%水合氯醛0.033ml/10g腹腔麻醉,仰卧固定于手术台上,颈前正中切口,钝性分离双侧颈总动脉,空白对照组及血瘀模型假手术组做假手术,其余各均用微动脉夹夹闭双侧颈总动脉10min,恢复灌流10min,再用微动脉夹夹闭双侧颈总动脉10min,恢复供血,缝合小鼠。各组小鼠于手术后24h眼眶取血测血液流变学,结果见表3;然后处死小鼠,迅速取脑组织称重,加生理盐水充分匀浆,高速低温离心机离心,取上清液,按照试剂盒说明说测ATP酶活力,测NO及NOS水平。具体测定方法参见附3、附4,结果见表4、表5。
全血粘度操作步骤:首先调整仪器水平。随后打开电源开关,进入预热状态,待显示屏上温度值达到37度时,开始加样。用加样器取1ml全血,将加样器出口紧贴液槽内壁向下缓慢注入,以免混入气泡影响测量结果。点击全血测试菜单,进行试验,检测完毕后,记下全血高中低切。点击清晰按钮,清洗后,进入下一样品测试。
附3脑匀浆中NO测定顺序表
(注:各试剂是试剂盒已备有的)
组织中NO含量(μmol/gprot)=(测定管吸光度-测定空白管吸光度)×标准品浓度÷(标准管吸光度-标准空白管吸光度)÷蛋白含量(mgprot/ml)
附4脑匀浆中NOS测定顺序表
(注:各试剂、试液是试剂盒已备有的)
tNOS活力(U/ml)=(TNOS测定管-TNOS空白管)÷呈色物纳摩尔消光系数×(反应液总体积÷取液量)÷(比色光径×反应时间)÷样品蛋白含量(mggrot/L)
iNOS活力(U/ml)=(iNOS测定管-iNOS空白管)÷呈色物纳摩尔消光系数×反应液总体积÷取液量×[1÷(比色光径×反应时间)]÷样品蛋白含量(mggrot/L)
▲▲表示与空白对照组比P<0.01,**表示与模型组比P<0.0l
从上表可看出,与空白对照组比,不造血瘀手术组、血瘀不手术组及血瘀加手术组血液流学高、中、低切均显著性升高(P<0.01),以血瘀加手术组最为严重,死亡情况也以血瘀加手术组最多,说明造脑部缺血再灌注模型及造血瘀模型均可使小鼠血液粘稠度显著增加,两者作用可叠加。与血瘀加手术组比,各给药组小鼠死亡情况均减少,大、中、小剂量冬凌草提取物组、华佗再造丸组和尼莫地平组均可使血瘀加手术造模所致升高的血液流变学高、中、低切指标显著降低(P<0.01),以大剂量冬凌草提取物组作用为优。
表5冬凌草提取物对小鼠血瘀合并脑缺血再灌注模型脑匀浆NO及NOS水平的影响
▲▲表示与空白对照组比P<0.01,**表示与模型组比P<0.01
从上表可看出,与空白对照组比,不造血瘀手术组、血瘀不手术组及血瘀加手术组脑匀浆NO、INOS及TNOS水平均显著性升高(P<0.01),以血瘀加手术组最为严重,死亡情况也以血瘀加手术组最多,说明造脑部缺血再灌注模型及造血瘀模型均可使小鼠脑匀浆NO、INOS及TNOS水平显著增加,两者作用可叠加。与血瘀加手术组比,各给药组小鼠死亡情况均减少,大、中、小剂量冬凌草提取物组、华佗再造丸组和尼莫地平组均可使血瘀加手术造模所致升高脑匀浆NO、INOS及TNOS水平显著降低(P<0.01),以大、中剂量冬凌草提取物组作用为优。
▲▲表示与空白对照组比P<0.01,**表示与模型组比P<0.01
从上表可看出,与空白对照组比,不造血瘀手术组、血瘀不手术组及血瘀加手术组血液流学脑匀浆Ca++-ATP酶、Mg++-ATP酶及Ca++-Mg++-ATP活力均显著性降低(P<0.01),以血瘀加手术组最为严重,死亡情况也以血瘀加手术组最多,说明造脑部缺血再灌注模型及造血瘀模型均可使小鼠血液粘稠度显著增加,两者作用可叠加。与血瘀加手术组比,各给药组小鼠死亡情况均减少,大、中、小剂量冬凌草提取物组、华佗再造丸组和尼莫地平组均可使血瘀加手术造模所致降低的脑匀浆Ca++-ATP酶、Mg++-ATP酶及Ca++-Mg++-ATP活力显著升高(P<0.01),以大剂量冬凌草提取物组作用为优。
3、小结
按照上述的制备方法和实验方法,对冬凌草分别用丙酮、甲醇、乙酸乙酯等浸泡制得的溶脂性提取物,均取得了相同或相近似的效果(具体实验方法因与乙醇提取物的制备方法和实验方法相同,故不再重述)。
总之,经冬凌草的乙醇、丙酮、甲醇、乙酸乙酯的脂溶性提取物反复多次实验,充分证明了冬凌草提取物可显著延长小鼠常压耐缺氧能力,显著改善小鼠缺血再灌注模型脑匀浆能量代谢,显著降低小鼠血瘀合并脑缺血模型血液流变学高、中、低切水平、显著降低脑匀浆NO、INOS及TNOS水平、显著升高脑匀浆Ca++-ATP酶、Mg++-ATP酶及Ca++-Mg++-ATP活力。说明冬凌草提取物有好的抗脑缺血及脑缺血再灌注损伤作用。
Claims (1)
1.一种冬凌草提取物在制备治疗抗脑缺血药物中的应用,所说的提取物为冬凌草由95%乙醇的溶脂性浸出物。
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