CN101894454B - Oil derrick stress measurement and data acquisition system based on wireless sensor network - Google Patents
Oil derrick stress measurement and data acquisition system based on wireless sensor network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于无线传感器网络的石油井架应力测量与数据采集系统，包括振弦式应变计检测海洋石油井架应力应变子系统，基于无线传感器网络的海洋石油井架应力应变现场数据传输子系统，基于组态技术和Matlab计算程序的海洋石油井架承载能力评定子系统。系统中的工控计算机通过工业集线器与无线传感器网络网关连接，海洋石油井架应力应变现场数据经过无线传感器网络节点转换为数字信号后，由工控计算机采用Modbus TCP/IP通讯协议和地址区分技术读取无线传感器网络中各个节点的数据，实现对石油钻井井架应力应变现场数据的采集与传输。本系统成本低、稳定性高、适于海洋恶劣环境的井架承载能力检测与评估系统。
The invention relates to a stress measurement and data acquisition system of an oil derrick based on a wireless sensor network, including a vibrating wire strain gauge detecting stress-strain subsystem of an offshore oil derrick, a stress-strain field data transmission subsystem of an offshore oil derrick based on a wireless sensor network, Offshore oil derrick bearing capacity evaluation subsystem based on configuration technology and Matlab calculation program. The industrial control computer in the system is connected to the wireless sensor network gateway through the industrial hub. After the stress and strain field data of the offshore oil derrick are converted into digital signals by the wireless sensor network nodes, the industrial control computer uses the Modbus TCP/IP communication protocol and address distinction technology to read the wireless data. The data of each node in the sensor network realizes the collection and transmission of the stress and strain field data of the oil drilling derrick. The system has low cost, high stability, and is suitable for the detection and evaluation system of the bearing capacity of the derrick in the harsh marine environment.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种石油井架应力测量与数据采集系统，尤其是一种用于海洋钻井井架静载试验时井架及杆件应力测量与井架承载能力测量与数据采集系统。The invention relates to an oil derrick stress measurement and data acquisition system, in particular to a derrick and rod member stress measurement and derrick bearing capacity measurement and data acquisition system for ocean drilling derrick static load test.
背景技术 Background technique
随着海洋石油钻采工程向深水、超深水发展，承载能力大、稳定性好、钻深能力强的塔式井架在当代海洋石油钻井中已占绝对优势。为了适应海上气候环境恶劣、工作条件复杂多变的情况，海洋石油钻井平台采用便于海上迅速吊装联接的模块化设计，海洋石油平台、井架、钻机等设备在港口采用大型海洋平台浮装技术组装后运往采油地点。井架在拆装、运输、搭建过程中不可避免地出现或存在不同程度的损伤缺陷，在长期服役过程中井架直接承受起下钻、下套管及其它作业产生的载荷和海洋环境载荷，疲劳与冲击载荷引发的井架结构、井架杆件、杆件间连接等部位物理特性的恶化，以及环境引起的腐蚀效应，导致长期在役石油井架承载能力低于原设计载荷，大大降低了井架结构的使用寿命与采油作业的安全性、稳定性。目前“数字化井厂技术”主要偏重于钻井过程中井压、油气组分、自动控制模块中设备信息采集以及地质结构方面的在线监测与分析，对海洋石油钻井井架的安全承载能力并未监测，这样对服役期较长或安全等级下降的井架载荷没有进行监控，成为海上石油钻井平台安全生产的重大事故隐患。海洋石油钻井平台提供起下钻及存放管柱操作的高度与空间，是一种塔桅式钢结构物，其工作条件恶劣，工况复杂多变，工作的安全性和可靠性对于钻井作业来说至关重要，所以对其进行强度、刚度、稳定性、动态特性的分析是十分必要的。With the development of offshore oil drilling and production projects in deep water and ultra-deep water, tower derricks with large bearing capacity, good stability and strong drilling depth have taken an absolute advantage in contemporary offshore oil drilling. In order to adapt to the harsh offshore weather environment and complex and changeable working conditions, the offshore oil drilling platform adopts a modular design that is convenient for rapid hoisting and connection at sea. transported to the oil production site. During the process of disassembly, transportation and erection, the derrick will inevitably appear or have different degrees of damage and defects. During the long-term service, the derrick directly bears the loads generated by tripping, casing running and other operations and marine environmental loads. Fatigue and The deterioration of the physical properties of the derrick structure, derrick rods, and connections between rods caused by impact loads, as well as the corrosion effect caused by the environment, lead to the long-term in-service oil derrick bearing capacity lower than the original design load, greatly reducing the use of the derrick structure Life and safety and stability of oil extraction operations. At present, "digital well plant technology" mainly focuses on the online monitoring and analysis of well pressure, oil and gas components, equipment information collection in the automatic control module, and geological structure during drilling, and does not monitor the safe carrying capacity of offshore oil drilling derricks. The failure to monitor the load of the derrick with a long service period or a decrease in safety level has become a major accident hazard for the safe production of offshore oil drilling platforms. The offshore oil drilling platform provides the height and space for tripping and storing pipe strings. It is a tower-mast steel structure. It is very important to say that it is very necessary to analyze its strength, stiffness, stability and dynamic characteristics.
海洋钻井井架是海洋石油装备的重要组成部分，井架在海洋上作业和陆地上作业有很大差别，因此海洋钻机井架的安全性能较陆地井架要求更高。目前国内对海洋井架的安全评定尚处于摸索阶段，主要参照SY/T 6326-2008《石油钻机和修井机井架、底座承载能力检测评定方法》和SY/T 6326-1997《石油钻机用井架承载能力检测评定方法》标准中规定的井架承载能力检测和评定方法，其中现场应力应变片试验法是当前评定井架实际承载能力的主要方法。根据井架构件承载的理论分析结果和温度补偿的原则确定电阻应变片布置和组桥方案，在应力较大或反映应力分布特点的若干点布置测点，同样的应变计栅长也根据结构应力分布梯度选择。难以运用力学理论准确求解损伤后的井架结构杆件的应力分布规律，目前多采用经验方法来确定现场应力测点布置方案，井架应力测试点的位置和数量分布方案缺乏一定的科学性。在实际测量时，应变计的粘贴完全是手工操作，所以很难保证真实贴片方位与预定贴片方位完全吻合，电阻应变片粘接质量差、绝缘不好都会引起应变计阻值的变化，导致电桥不平衡。由于井架高度一般在40-50米，电阻应变片连接导线过长而使得导线电阻值和导线间的电容引入到应变仪电桥中，接线柱的接触电阻同样会被引入到电桥中而造成测试示值误差。此外，由于海洋井架在维修期间无法进行现场承载试验，必须在井架采油作业过程中对井架的安全性能进行综合评定，大量的连接导线给井架应力点检测装置的安装增加了操作人员高空作业的难度和危险系数。由此可见，传统的应变片测量井架应力方法不太适合海洋石油钻井平台井架载荷测试与分析，在测试技术和设备方面存在着诸多不便和操作困难。此外，现有的海洋石油钻井应力测试系统在试验数据存储、分析、计算等多采用人工方式完成，检测报告仅针对目前的试验结果，不能快速与该井架历史数据对比后形成综合性的报告。因而，目前急需构建一套适用于现场快速操作、成本低、稳定性好的海洋石油钻井井架承载能力检测评估系统，以确保井架承载能力评估的有效性和可靠性，促进我国在海洋钻修井模块的建造技术及新型钻井工艺技术的应用。The offshore drilling derrick is an important part of offshore oil equipment, and the operation of the derrick on the ocean is very different from that on land. Therefore, the safety performance of the offshore drilling derrick is higher than that of the land derrick. At present, the domestic safety assessment of offshore derricks is still in the exploratory stage, mainly referring to SY/T 6326-2008 "Petroleum Drilling Rig and Workover Rig Derrick, Base Bearing Capacity Test and Evaluation Method" and SY/T 6326-1997 "Petroleum Derrick Loading The testing and evaluating method of the bearing capacity of the derrick stipulated in the "Capacity Testing and Evaluation Method" standard, among which the on-site stress strain gauge test method is currently the main method for evaluating the actual bearing capacity of the derrick. According to the theoretical analysis results of derrick component bearing and the principle of temperature compensation, the arrangement of resistance strain gauges and the bridging scheme are determined, and the measuring points are arranged at several points with high stress or reflecting the characteristics of stress distribution. The same strain gauge grid length is also determined according to the structural stress. Distribution gradient selection. It is difficult to use mechanical theory to accurately solve the stress distribution law of the damaged derrick structural members. At present, empirical methods are mostly used to determine the layout scheme of stress measurement points on site. The location and quantity distribution scheme of derrick stress test points lacks certain scientificity. In the actual measurement, the pasting of the strain gauge is completely manual, so it is difficult to ensure that the real patch orientation is completely consistent with the predetermined patch orientation. Poor bonding quality of the resistance strain gauge and poor insulation will cause changes in the resistance of the strain gauge. cause the bridge to become unbalanced. Since the height of the derrick is generally 40-50 meters, the connecting wire of the resistance strain gauge is too long, so that the resistance value of the wire and the capacitance between the wires are introduced into the strain gauge bridge, and the contact resistance of the binding post will also be introduced into the bridge to cause Test indication error. In addition, since the offshore derrick cannot carry out on-site bearing tests during the maintenance period, the safety performance of the derrick must be comprehensively evaluated during the oil production operation of the derrick. A large number of connecting wires increase the difficulty of the operator's high-altitude operations for the installation of the derrick stress point detection device. and risk factor. It can be seen that the traditional method of measuring derrick stress with strain gauges is not suitable for the test and analysis of derrick load on offshore oil drilling platforms, and there are many inconveniences and operational difficulties in terms of testing technology and equipment. In addition, the existing offshore oil drilling stress test system mostly uses manual methods for test data storage, analysis, and calculation. The test report is only for the current test results and cannot be quickly compared with the historical data of the derrick to form a comprehensive report. Therefore, there is an urgent need to build a detection and evaluation system for the bearing capacity of offshore oil drilling derricks that is suitable for rapid on-site operation, low cost, and good stability, so as to ensure the validity and reliability of the evaluation of the bearing capacity of the derrick and promote my country's offshore drilling and workover. Module construction technology and application of new drilling technology.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明是要解决克现有技术中传感器难于安装、易受干扰，现场导线过多，数据采集记录手工操作繁复，测试系统与数据处理不能高效衔接等方面的技术问题，而提供一种测试精度高、安装简单方便、抗恶劣自然环境、稳定性高的基于无线传感器网络的海洋石油井架应力测量与数据采集系统。其目的在于降低海洋石油钻井平台静态应力测试时仪器安装的难度与危险性，提高井架应力测试系统的抗腐蚀性、抗湿度、抗电磁干扰能力，快速而准确地测试海洋石油井架应力进而评估井架的安全承载能力，为石油井架的维修或降级使用提供综合性报告和指导文件，从而大大提高了海洋石油钻机系统的安全生产能力，消除了海洋石油钻井作业安全隐患，保障了广大职工的人身安全与国家财产安全。The present invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the sensor is difficult to install, susceptible to interference, too many on-site wires, complicated manual operations for data collection and recording, and inefficient connection between the test system and data processing, etc., and provides a test accuracy High, simple and convenient installation, anti-harsh natural environment, high stability offshore oil derrick stress measurement and data acquisition system based on wireless sensor network. Its purpose is to reduce the difficulty and danger of instrument installation during static stress testing of offshore oil drilling platforms, improve the corrosion resistance, humidity resistance, and anti-electromagnetic interference capabilities of the derrick stress testing system, and quickly and accurately test the stress of offshore oil derricks and then evaluate the derrick It provides comprehensive reports and guidance documents for the maintenance or downgrading of oil derricks, thereby greatly improving the safety production capacity of offshore oil drilling rig systems, eliminating hidden dangers in offshore oil drilling operations, and ensuring the personal safety of employees and national property security.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用了如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种基于无线传感器网络的石油井架应力测量与数据采集系统，包括振弦式应变计检测海洋石油井架应力应变子系统，基于无线传感器网络的海洋石油井架应力应变现场数据传输子系统，基于组态技术和Matlab计算程序的海洋石油井架承载能力评定子系统，其特点是：所述的三个子系统中的工业控制计算机通过工业集线器与无线传感器网络网关连接，海洋石油井架应力应变现场数据经过无线传感器网络节点转换为数字信号后，由工业控制计算机采用ModbusTCP/IP通讯协议和地址区分技术读取无线传感器网络中各个节点的数据，实现对石油钻井井架应力应变现场数据的采集与传输。A wireless sensor network-based oil derrick stress measurement and data acquisition system, including a vibrating wire strain gauge detection offshore oil derrick stress-strain subsystem, a wireless sensor network-based offshore oil derrick stress-strain field data transmission subsystem, based on configuration The offshore oil derrick bearing capacity evaluation subsystem of technology and Matlab calculation program is characterized in that: the industrial control computer in the three subsystems is connected with the wireless sensor network gateway through the industrial hub, and the stress and strain field data of the offshore oil derrick is passed through the wireless sensor After the network nodes are converted into digital signals, the industrial control computer uses the ModbusTCP/IP communication protocol and address distinction technology to read the data of each node in the wireless sensor network to realize the collection and transmission of the stress and strain field data of the oil drilling derrick.
所述的振弦式应变计检测海洋石油井架应力应变子系统由12V锂电池、振弦式传感器、频率信号转换器组成，工作温度为-20～+80℃、灵敏度1με的振弦式传感器两个端块用螺栓固定在井架或井架杆件结构表面，由频率信号转换器将振弦式应变计的频率信号转换为4-20mA的电流信号。The vibrating wire strain gauge detection subsystem for offshore oil derrick stress and strain is composed of a 12V lithium battery, a vibrating wire sensor, and a frequency signal converter. Each end block is fixed on the structure surface of the derrick or derrick rod with bolts, and the frequency signal of the vibrating wire strain gauge is converted into a 4-20mA current signal by a frequency signal converter.
所述的基于无线传感器网络的海洋石油井架应力应变现场数据传输子系统包括3.6V直流锂电池、无线传感器网络节点、无线传感器网络网关、24V直流电源、工业集线器和工业控制计算机，24V直流电源为无线传感器网络网关提供驱动电源，3.6V直流锂电池为无线传感器网络节点提供供电电源，无线传感器网络节点和3.6V直流锂电池采用螺栓固定在距离振弦式应变计10-20厘米处，振弦式传感器、频率信号转换器、无线传感器网络节点通过带屏蔽双绞线相连接，每个无线传感器网络节点最连接一至四个振弦式应变计，无线传感器网络中的网关和节点工作在2.4GHz国际通讯标准频段，网关地址设置为01～F1、节点地址从02-0F～F2-FF。The off-shore oil derrick stress and strain field data transmission subsystem based on the wireless sensor network includes a 3.6V DC lithium battery, a wireless sensor network node, a wireless sensor network gateway, a 24V DC power supply, an industrial hub and an industrial control computer, and the 24V DC power supply is The wireless sensor network gateway provides driving power, and the 3.6V DC lithium battery provides power supply for the wireless sensor network nodes. The wireless sensor network nodes and the 3.6V DC lithium battery are fixed with bolts at a distance of 10-20 cm from the vibrating wire strain gauge, and the vibrating wire Sensors, frequency signal converters, and wireless sensor network nodes are connected by shielded twisted-pair wires. Each wireless sensor network node is connected to one to four vibrating wire strain gauges. The gateway and nodes in the wireless sensor network work at 2.4GHz International communication standard frequency band, the gateway address is set from 01 to F1, and the node address is from 02-0F to F2-FF.
所述的基于组态技术和Matlab计算程序的海洋石油井架承载能力评定子系统，包括在WebAccess组态软件中将工业控制计算机设置为监控节点的数据采集控制服务器；由Visual Basic 6.0编制的用户应用程序采用OLE技术来获得Microsoft Access的控制句柄，用于改变ADO对象分层对象集合成员Recordset的属性、方法，调用存储在Access数据库中的海洋石油井架应力应变现场数据，并以矩阵格式将实测数据输入基于MatrixVB控件编制的石油井架和杆件强度校核的Matlab计算程序，计算出井架安全载荷后在Matlab绘图程序中输出井架应力分布图。The offshore oil derrick bearing capacity evaluation subsystem based on configuration technology and Matlab calculation program includes setting the industrial control computer as the data acquisition control server of the monitoring node in the WebAccess configuration software; the user application compiled by Visual Basic 6.0 The program uses OLE technology to obtain the control handle of Microsoft Access, which is used to change the attributes and methods of the Recordset member of the ADO object layered object collection, call the offshore oil derrick stress and strain field data stored in the Access database, and store the measured data in matrix format. Input the Matlab calculation program based on the MatrixVB control to check the strength of the oil derrick and rods, and output the stress distribution diagram of the derrick in the Matlab drawing program after calculating the safe load of the derrick.
本发明的有益效果是：采用无线传感器网络采集和传输海洋石油钻井架应力应变试验数据，大大减少了现场工作人员操作的工作强度和高空作业难度，无线传感器网络的网关与节点之间采用数字量传送数据，有效地减少了电磁干扰且提高了信号传输的稳定性和准确性。该系统主要针对现场应用，无线传感器网络的节点采用了适合室外安装使用的IP67防护等级，以适应现场恶劣的海洋环境。本发明采用振弦式传感器监测井架结构应力数据，避免了电阻应变片法操作复杂、安装困难、易受环境干扰的缺点。试验数据采集、存储与分析均由用户应用程序完成，大大减少了试验人员现场操作和计算的工作量，同时减少了井架承载能力评估过程中人为干预和人为失误。由WebAccess组态软件和工业无线传感器网络采集、传输海洋石油钻井架应力现场数据，大大减少了用户应用程序编程的难度和工作量，并且提高了数据传输的准确性和效率，数据全部存储在Access数据库中，既避免了由于人为失误造成的试验数据记录错误，又非常方便查询和和对比历史数据。先进性方面，系统支持了主流体系结构、协议和硬件平台，可以支持海量的数据的采集与存储。在开放性方面，采用了易扩展的现场分布式设计，WebAccess组态软件可提供相关的数据接口，为融合数据参数提供良好的数据接口。本发明在应力应变传感器、试验数据采集、传输、存储与处理等方面做了较大的改进，形成了一套成本低、稳定性高、适于现场操作的海洋石油井架承载能力安全检测评估技术和测试。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: adopting the wireless sensor network to collect and transmit the stress-strain test data of the offshore oil rig, greatly reducing the working intensity of the on-site staff and the difficulty of high-altitude operation, and the gateway and the node of the wireless sensor network adopt digital quantity Transmission of data effectively reduces electromagnetic interference and improves the stability and accuracy of signal transmission. The system is mainly aimed at on-site applications. The nodes of the wireless sensor network adopt the IP67 protection level suitable for outdoor installation to adapt to the harsh marine environment on site. The invention adopts a vibrating wire sensor to monitor the stress data of the derrick structure, avoiding the disadvantages of complicated operation, difficult installation and easy environmental interference of the resistance strain gauge method. The test data collection, storage and analysis are all completed by the user application program, which greatly reduces the workload of the test personnel on-site operation and calculation, and at the same time reduces the human intervention and human error in the process of evaluating the bearing capacity of the derrick. Collect and transmit stress field data of offshore oil rigs by WebAccess configuration software and industrial wireless sensor network, which greatly reduces the difficulty and workload of user application programming, and improves the accuracy and efficiency of data transmission. All data is stored in Access In the database, it not only avoids errors in test data recording caused by human errors, but also facilitates query and comparison of historical data. In terms of advancement, the system supports the mainstream architecture, protocol and hardware platform, and can support the collection and storage of massive data. In terms of openness, it adopts an easily expandable on-site distributed design, and the WebAccess configuration software can provide relevant data interfaces, providing a good data interface for the fusion of data parameters. The present invention has made great improvements in stress and strain sensors, test data collection, transmission, storage and processing, etc., forming a set of low-cost, high-stability, and suitable for on-site operation offshore oil derrick bearing capacity safety detection and evaluation technology and test.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是基于振弦式应变计的海洋石油井架应力应变检测原理图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of stress and strain detection of offshore oil derrick based on vibrating wire strain gauges;
图2是基于无线传感器网络的海洋石油井架应力应变现场数据传输原理图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of on-site data transmission of stress and strain of offshore oil derrick based on wireless sensor network;
图3是基于组态技术和Matlab计算程序的海洋石油井架承载能力评定流程图。Figure 3 is a flow chart of the evaluation of the bearing capacity of offshore oil derrick based on configuration technology and Matlab calculation program.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图与实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
图1为基于振弦式应变计的海洋石油井架应力应变检测原理图，海洋石油井架应力应变检测系统由12V锂电池4、振弦式传感器1、频率信号转换器3组成。振弦式传感器1采用螺栓固定在井架或井架杆件结构表面，频率信号转换器3与振弦式传感器1由带屏蔽双绞线2连接，12V锂电池4为频率信号转换器3提供电源电压。振弦式传感器1将海洋石油钻井井架由于载荷变化引起的应力应变变化转换为频率信号，经频率信号转换器3将频率信号转换为4-20mA的标准电流信号，以便于上位机采集井架静态载荷试验的现场数据。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of stress and strain detection of offshore oil derrick based on vibrating wire strain gauge. The stress and strain detection system of offshore oil derrick consists of 12V lithium battery 4, vibrating wire sensor 1, and
图2为基于无线传感器网络的海洋石油井架应力应变现场数据传输原理图，该系统由海洋石油钻井井架应力测试无线传感器网络和分布式数据采集采集系统组成，井架现场部分由12V锂电池4、振弦式传感器1、频率信号转换器3、3.6V直流锂电池7、无线传感器网络节点6组成，其中振弦式传感器1、频率信号转换器3与无线传感器网络节点6之间采用带屏蔽双绞线2连接，12V锂电池4和3.6V锂电池7分别为频率信号转换器3和无线传感器网络节点6提供驱动电源，同一网络中的节点与其网关主地址和通讯频率设置完全相同。分布式数据采集采集硬件系统由无线传感器网络网关、24V直流电源8、工业集线器9、菲尼克斯电气工业以太网预制网线5和工业控制计算10机构成，由WebAccess组态软件采用Modbus TCP/IP通讯协议和地址区分技术读取无线传感器网络中各个节点的数据，并将其写入到已经建立好的BwPData.mdb后台数据库11中，从而完成石油井架应力应变现场数据的采集、传输与存储。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the stress-strain field data transmission of the offshore oil derrick based on the wireless sensor network. The system consists of a wireless sensor network for the stress test of the offshore oil derrick and a distributed data acquisition system. The derrick field part is composed of 12V lithium battery 4, vibration String sensor 1,
图3为基于组态技术和Matlab计算程序的海洋石油井架承载能力评定流程图，用户应用程序采用OLE技术改变ADO对象分层对象集合成员Recordset的属性、方法，调用存储在BwPData.mdb后台数据库中的海洋石油井架应力应变现场数据，并以矩阵格式将实测数据输入基于MatrixVB控件编制的石油井架和杆件强度校核的Matlab计算程序，根据各个测试点应力值采用非线性方法分别计算出各层的载荷强度及稳定应力，找出其中最大的应力值，进而求解出井架承载能力，在Matlab绘图程序中输出井架应力分布图，在自动生成井架承载能力报告的同时将本次试验测试值和分析结果存储到井架历史数据库中，从而完成井架静态测试数据的分析与处理。Figure 3 is the flow chart of offshore oil derrick bearing capacity assessment based on configuration technology and Matlab calculation program. The user application program uses OLE technology to change the attributes and methods of the members of the ADO object layered object collection Recordset, and call and store in the BwPData.mdb background database Offshore oil derrick stress and strain field data, and input the measured data in matrix format into the Matlab calculation program based on MatrixVB control to check the strength of oil derrick and rods, and calculate the stress values of each layer according to the stress value of each test point using a nonlinear method. The load strength and stable stress of the derrick, find out the maximum stress value, and then solve the bearing capacity of the derrick, output the stress distribution diagram of the derrick in the Matlab drawing program, and automatically generate the bearing capacity report of the derrick at the same time. The results are stored in the derrick history database to complete the analysis and processing of the derrick static test data.
如上所述，本发明提供的基于无线传感器网络的石油井架应力在线测量、数据采集与井架载荷安全评定系统，既可以克服电阻应变片法安装调试复杂、现场导线过多、易受环境干扰的缺点，又可以在保证测试精度和稳定性的同时成本远低于光纤光栅测应力方法。通过采用振弦式传感器测试井架应力，由无线传感器网络采集和传输试验数据，大大降低了现场操作人员的工作强度和难度，缩短了测试周期，提高了工作效率和测试的稳定性。采用WebAccess组态软件和VB软件编制用户应用程序，在整个测试过程中试验数据采集、存储与分析均由计算机控制，既减轻了现场实验人员的工作强度又减少了人为失误的可能性。本发明在设计时遵循“实用性、开放性、可靠性、先进性、可扩展性、易维护性”的基本原则，所有硬件均采用精度高、稳定性强、抗恶劣环境的设备，用户应用软件兼容性与可移植性好，模拟试验结果表明该系统具有一定的先进性和可靠性，形成了一套成适于海洋恶劣环境的井架承载能力检测与评估系统。As mentioned above, the online oil derrick stress measurement, data acquisition and derrick load safety assessment system based on the wireless sensor network provided by the present invention can overcome the disadvantages of complicated installation and debugging of the resistance strain gauge method, too many field wires, and the disadvantages of being susceptible to environmental interference , while ensuring the test accuracy and stability, the cost is much lower than that of the fiber grating stress measurement method. Vibrating wire sensors are used to test the stress of the derrick, and the test data is collected and transmitted by the wireless sensor network, which greatly reduces the work intensity and difficulty of field operators, shortens the test cycle, and improves work efficiency and test stability. WebAccess configuration software and VB software are used to compile user application programs, and the test data collection, storage and analysis are all controlled by computer during the whole test process, which not only reduces the work intensity of field experimenters but also reduces the possibility of human error. The design of the present invention follows the basic principles of "practicability, openness, reliability, advancement, scalability, and ease of maintenance". All hardware adopts equipment with high precision, strong stability, and resistance to harsh environments. The software has good compatibility and portability, and the simulation test results show that the system is advanced and reliable, forming a set of derrick bearing capacity detection and evaluation system suitable for the harsh marine environment.
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