CN106546366B - An umbrella-shaped deep hole three-dimensional stress and displacement comprehensive testing device - Google Patents
An umbrella-shaped deep hole three-dimensional stress and displacement comprehensive testing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106546366B CN106546366B CN201610882290.6A CN201610882290A CN106546366B CN 106546366 B CN106546366 B CN 106546366B CN 201610882290 A CN201610882290 A CN 201610882290A CN 106546366 B CN106546366 B CN 106546366B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to engineering investigation prospecting technique fields, and in particular to a kind of umbellate form deep hole three-dimensional stress and displacement comprehensive test device, including umbellate form mechanism for testing, displacement sensor, hand-operating pressure pump, test guide rod and signal sampler；The present invention can test the three-dimensional stress size of multiple positions and its measuring point stress variation situation and misalignment by artificial Effects on Engineering simultaneously at different depth in a deep hole, provide important evidence for rock mass engineering project construction, tunnel and chamber maintenance etc..The invention device, efficiently solves traditional stress measurement and displacement measurement is mutually indepedent, it is difficult to the problems such as multiple spot is implemented in same drilling, and time-consuming, laborious, costly.The present invention not only realizes a hole multiple spot three-dimensional stress and displacement measurement, and it can continuously measure and realize dynamic evaluation function, furthermore the device has many advantages, such as recyclable recycling, with testing cost is cheap, easy to carry, field operation is simple and convenient, data acquisition and control automatization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to engineering investigation prospecting technique fields, and in particular to a kind of umbellate form deep hole three-dimensional stress and displacement synthesis
Test device.
Background technique
In the Rock And Soils engineering such as mineral resources underground mining, water conservancy and hydropower, vcehicular tunnel and foundation, stress and country rock
Displacement timely monitoring analyze, be to prevent the large deformation of engineering body country rock, damage and failure, it is with high safety efficiently produce have efficacious prescriptions
Method.This is because mine down-hole exploitation and the construction of other rock mass engineering projects all will cause initial rock stress field to change and be formed new
Stress state, region is had an impact in a certain range of lithosome around it, rock stratum displacement occurs, if this rocks position
Shifting cannot be controlled timely and effectively, will cause engineering safety accident after accumulation to a certain extent.In particular, China's coal-mine is exploited
After km is transferred to deep deep mining, roadway surrounding rock stress level increases rapidly, mine pressure shows exception, and surrounding rock failure situation is acute
Strong, supporting control is difficult.According to incompletely statistics, in the deep mining tunnel of bottom plate not supporting, roof and floor shift-in amount 2/3~
3/4 is all as caused by pucking, and road maintenance amount caused by pucking accounts for 50% or so of the total maintenance capacity in tunnel.Coal and rock is answered
Power state be directly related to tunnel deformation, destroy so coal and rock shock hazard, vertical stress therein be influence lane
Interior crowded principal element is helped in road two, and horizontal stress is then the main reason for causing roof collapse and pucking.Therefore, lane is effectively controlled
The critical issue of road failure and deformation of surrounding rocks be exactly determine cause deformation of the surrounding rock in tunnel destroy governing stress state and they
Stress, change in displacement situation in coal exploitation process, find out the main reason of problem, and then exploiting field control is arranged with a definite target in view
It applies.However, geology of deep part condition and ambient stress are difficult to understand completely in addition since rock mass attribute itself is extremely complex,
It can not theoretically carry out accurately calculating analysis or by laboratory experiment test and numerical simulation.Therefore, it is quite necessary to
The stress intensity and direction of roadway floor primary load-bearing lamina are surveyed, and pass through continuous monitor production process insole board rock stratum
Stress and change in displacement rule, specify the type and major influence factors of pucking, and then carry out targeted control measure.This
Outside, continuing to increase with the rock mass engineering construction scale such as domestic and international water conservancy and hydropower, vcehicular tunnel and foundation and depth of implements,
It is equally faced with the problems such as deformations such as various chambers, tunnel, foundation pit are big, destruction is serious, gives engineering construction progress, follow-up maintenance
And operating personnel causes safely extreme influence, or even causes serious industrial accident.Based on this, it is fast to study a kind of convenience
Prompt, low-cost, the higher deep hole stress of precision and displacement comprehensive test device, have very important realistic meaning and wide
Market prospects.
Currently, being had conducted extensive research in terms of drilling hole stress monitoring technology both at home and abroad, also reap rich fruits, successively
Propose pressure cushion method, drilling deformation method, borehole strain method, hollow inclusion strain gauge method, hydraulic fracturing etc..However, existing
Excessively complicated, inconvenient for operation, the reusable property of sensor or structure under technical conditions is poor or can only test single
The stress in direction, and operation difficulty is big, application condition is high.In addition, borehole stressmeter and displacement meter are typically mutually indepedent
, it has a single function, and multiple groups measurement cannot be carried out simultaneously respectively in a hole.Drilling hole stress measurement therein is usually that will answer
Power meter is installed in deep blind hole, and need to guarantee its sensor sensing direction perpendicular to horizontal plane with correct measurement by measuring pressure.
But since the direction of stress to be measured is unknown, therefore it is difficult to orient strain gauge sensitive direction when stress test, and only
It is capable of measuring the stress intensity of a direction.Patent of invention " drilling hole stress sensor and its drilling hole stress monitoring method " (application number:
200910103038.0) a kind of drilling hole stress sensor and its use that core etc. is filled out by metal cylinder, foil gauge, concrete is disclosed
Method is used in combination by multiple sensors and a hole multimetering may be implemented, but it is only capable of measuring answering for boring radius direction
Power situation of change, the accurate direction that can not obtain surveyed stress can not measure the axial stress of drilling, and use process is adopted
It is carried out filling out core with concrete, therefore the sensor not can be carried out recycling and recycling, higher cost exists simultaneously and is unable to measure position
The functions such as the variation of shifting.Although patent of invention " drill hole vector stress sensor for mine " (application number: 201110334090.4) public
Cloth it is a kind of including shell, core and its integrated circuit modules, balance the sensor of beam sensor and force-measuring nut, can measure
Drill three direction stress vectors, but fixes since it balances beam length, can not be readily applied to the drilling of different pore size, and
And the change in displacement situation of hole wall country rock cannot be measured simultaneously, test function is relatively simple.
The deep displacement of rock mass is that engineers and technicians are very during coal mine roadway, tunnel excavation and dealing with foundation
Concern.Currently, different measurement basic points are identified by color after the common multipoint displacement meter installation of engineering site.Measurement
When, measuring point length is first write down, measures the length after generating displacement after being subjected to displacement, then with steel tape, twice measured value phase
Subtract, obtains shift value.Since the weaker each measuring point identification difficulty of the light of working environment is larger and error rate is higher, measurement process
Got up using steel tape measurement very inconvenient, especially under the weaker environment of light and measurement place is more rugged, makes
It is measured and is displaced with steel tape, error is larger, and function is also relatively simple.
To sum up, can conveniently realize up to now automatic diameter changing, a hole multimetering three-dimensional stress and surrounding rock displacement and
The comprehensive test device that can be reused, temporarily discovery is not specific in the market sells product, does not also find relevant text
Offer report.The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of three-dimensional stresses of umbellate form reducing deep hole multimetering and displacement integration test dress
It sets, it is solved, and existing borehole stressmeter and displacement meter are mutually indepedent, have a single function, the bad adaptability that drills, sensitivity is not high asks
Topic, and only for the purpose of the hardware configuration that the device is provided.
Summary of the invention
(1) the technical issues of solving
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of umbellate form deep hole three-dimensional stress and displacement integration test dresses
It sets, for solving, existing borehole stressmeter and displacement meter are mutually indepedent, have a single function, the bad adaptability that drills, sensitivity is not high
Problem.
(2) technical solution
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of umbellate form deep hole three-dimensional stress and displacement comprehensive test device, including displacement sensor, hand-operating pressure pump, test
Guide rod, signal sampler, umbellate form mechanism for testing；The umbellate form mechanism for testing includes upper arm installation lid, test upper arm, pressure cell peace
Binning, test lower arm, lower arm installation slip ring, annular cylinder, cylinder installation seat, connecting screw and strain gauge adhesion device；Institute's rheme
Displacement sensor is arranged on the end of the test guide rod by sensor mounting plate, and the test guide rod is arranged in gaging hole,
The umbellate form mechanism for testing is threaded through on the test guide rod, is additionally provided with displacement measurement steel wire, the hand on the test guide rod
Dynamic pressure pump is connected by high-pressure hose with the umbellate form mechanism for testing, the signal sampler pass through signal cable respectively with institute
It states umbellate form mechanism for testing to be connected with displacement sensor, pressure cell, the strain gauge adhesion is installed in the pressure cell installation bin
Device is installed with foil gauge, and the annular cylinder is arranged on the cylinder installation seat, and the annular cylinder and the lower arm are installed
Slip ring is connected, and described test lower arm one end is connected by bolt with lower arm installation slip ring, other end passes through bolt and institute
The center for stating test upper arm is connected, described test upper arm one end and the upper arm install cover be connected, other end with it is described
Strain gauge adhesion device or pressure cell installation bin are connected.
Preferably, the umbellate form deep hole three-dimensional stress and displacement comprehensive test device further include orientation small boss, described fixed
On the upper arm installation lid and cylinder installation seat for being located at the umbellate form mechanism for testing to small boss.
Preferably, the hand-operating pressure pump is connected by high-pressure hose with the annular cylinder.
Preferably, institute's displacement sensors are linear potentiometer formula displacement sensors, pass through potentiometer element for umbellate form
Mechanism for testing is converted into linear resistance or voltage output therewith with the mechanical displacement that rock stratum occurs, and is acquired by signal sampler
And it is parsed into displacement number.
Preferably, the hand-operating pressure pump is hydraulic to injecting in the annular cylinder of umbellate form mechanism for testing by high-pressure hose
Oil forces several test claws of umbellate form mechanism for testing to closely adhere on hole wall rock stratum.
Preferably, it is also equipped with check-valves on the connected high-pressure hose of the hand-operating pressure pump, in experimental test procedures
The middle reflux for preventing hydraulic oil, it is ensured that test pressure cell and foil gauge are fitted in always on hole wall rock.
Preferably, the test guide rod is the segmentation circle steel pipe by nipple threaded connection at the segmentation is round
The joint length of steel pipe is 1.5m.
Preferably, it is equipped with the slot that a width is the straight-through both ends of 5mm in the axial direction on the segmentation round steel pipe.
Preferably, it is connected between the upper arm installation lid, lower arm installation slip ring and cylinder installation seat by connecting screw.
(3) beneficial effect
The present invention provides a kind of umbellate form deep hole three-dimensional stress and displacement comprehensive test devices, and the present invention can be in a depth
Test the three-dimensional stress size of multiple positions and its measuring point stress variation by artificial Effects on Engineering in hole at different depth simultaneously
Situation and misalignment provide important evidence for rock mass engineering project construction, tunnel and chamber maintenance etc..The invention device effectively solves
Determined traditional stress measurement and displacement measurement it is mutually indepedent, it is difficult to multiple spot is implemented in same drilling, and time-consuming, laborious, expense
The problems such as high.The present invention not only realizes a hole multiple spot three-dimensional stress and displacement measurement, but also can continuously measure realization dynamic
Function of Evaluation, furthermore the device has the characteristics that recyclable recycling, has cheap, easy to carry, the live work of testing cost
The advantages that industry is simple and convenient, data acquisition and control automatization.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 the structural representation of present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic view of the front view of umbellate form mechanism for testing in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the overlooking structure diagram of umbellate form mechanism for testing in Fig. 1；
Label in figure respectively represents:
1- umbellate form mechanism for testing；2- signal sampler；3- signal cable；4- displacement sensor；5- sensor mounting plate；6-
Test guide rod；7- displacement measurement steel wire；8- high-pressure hose；9- hand-operating pressure pump；10- gaging hole；101- upper arm installation lid；102- is surveyed
Try upper arm；103- pressure cell installation bin；104- tests lower arm；105- lower arm installs slip ring；106- annular cylinder；107- oil cylinder peace
Fill seat；108- connecting screw；109- strain gauge adhesion device；110- orients small boss.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
Every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A kind of deep hole umbellate form three-dimensional stress as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3 and displacement comprehensive test device, mainly by umbellate form
The compositions such as mechanism for testing, displacement sensor, hand-operating pressure pump, test guide rod, signal sampler, umbellate form mechanism for testing are the present invention
The chief component of device mainly includes upper arm installation lid, test upper arm, pressure cell installation bin, test lower arm, lower arm peace
Fill the composition such as slip ring, annular cylinder, cylinder installation seat, connecting screw, strain gauge adhesion device.Its main function principle is to pass through
Connecting screw links into an integrated entity upper arm installation lid, lower arm installation slip ring and cylinder installation seat, then whole to be through test guide rod
On, when needing test stress, high-pressure and hydraulic oil pump, which is entered annular cylinder, using hand-operating pressure pump to stretch umbellate form test arm
Out and tightly close to gaging hole wall rock.The basic ideas of this structure design are not stretch out same length by annular cylinder to change
Four test arm stretching angles, and then the measurement for adapting to different boring apertures needs.It is therein, it pressure cell installation bin totally 2, is in
In the test arm of mutually orthogonal direction, for installing the pressure cell of one of ground test sensors, which belongs into
Ripe product, main function are to test the vertically stress intensity with two orthogonal directions on the axial plane of hole, pass through follow-on test
The stress variation situation of research in this direction.It is strained with being furnished in the another two test arm of 2 pressure cell test arm relative directions
Piece sticker, main function is that foil gauge is parallel to hole axis direction to paste in survey hole wall rock mass, convenient for test and hole
The stress intensity and its situation of change of axis parallel direction.Aforementioned four test arm test data is combined, is divided by calculating
The neighbouring rock three-dimensional stress size of analysis you can get it measuring point.The displacement sensor of apparatus of the present invention is current line common on the market
Property potentiometric displacement transducer, umbellate form mechanism for testing is converted by it by potentiometer element with the mechanical displacement that rock stratum occurs
Linear resistance or voltage output therewith finally acquire and are parsed into displacement number by signal sampler, effectively overcome previous
The inexactness of steel tape measurement displacement, furthermore, it is possible to realize prolonged automatic collection function.The manual pressure of apparatus of the present invention
Power pumps defeated usual products in the market, and purposes is hydraulic to injecting in the annular cylinder of umbellate form mechanism for testing by high-pressure hose
Oil forces several test claws of umbellate form mechanism for testing to closely adhere to hole wall rock stratum up.Moreover, coupled high pressure is soft
Check-valves is also equipped on pipe, for preventing the reflux of hydraulic oil in experimental test procedures, it is ensured that test pressure cell and foil gauge
Always it is fitted on hole wall rock.It is 1.5m that the test guide rod of apparatus of the present invention, which is joint length, and is threadedly coupled with nipple
Segmentation round steel pipe.The purpose connected using nipple is to guarantee that the smooth outer surface of guide rod can satisfy umbellate form test machine
It can flexibly be slid when the test strata displacement of structure.In addition, the needs oriented in order not to same test arm, it is necessary to the edge on every steel pipe
Axis direction is cut into the slot that a width about 5mm leads directly to both ends, convenient for pacifying with each upper arm installation lid of umbellate form mechanism for testing, lower arm
The boss cooperation on slip ring and cylinder installation seat is filled, plays the role of sensor orientation, while being able to satisfy umbellate form mechanism for testing again
It can be slided up and down along guide rod.
Action principle is that 2 pressure cells are packed into pressure cell installation bin respectively first and 2 foil gauges are packed into foil gauge and glue
It pastes on device, and connects dependence test conducting wire；Then, by umbellate form mechanism for testing according to specific direction (orientation boss and guide rod groove
Cooperation determines) it is through on test guide rod, depth to be measured is transferred to by displacement measurement steel wire, is then passed through using hand-operating pressure pump
High-pressure hose injects in high-pressure oil to the annular cylinder of umbellate form mechanism for testing, and the test arm of its four direction is forced tightly to be pasted
It closes on hole wall to be measured, finally closes the check-valves on high-pressure hose, connection signal transmission cable to signal sampler can be into
The test of row test stress.Therein, 2 pressure cell tests are big with two orthogonal direction stress on gaging hole axis vertical plane
Small, the foil gauge of other two parallel hole axis direction arrangement is used to test and the strain size in hole axle parallel direction, Jin Erji
The stress intensity for obtaining hole axis direction is calculated, it is big that the analysis of aforementioned two groups of Data Synthesis can be obtained three-dimensional stress near a measuring point
It is small.When needing while testing rock displacement near measuring point, the upper end of displacement measurement steel wire and linear movement pick-up need to only be connected
Tension is connect, and the output line of displacement sensor is connected to signal sampler, cardinal principle is by displacement sensor mounting base
It is connected with test guide rod, and tests guide rod and be deep into bottom hole, since gaging hole is deeper, therefore bottom hole rock stratum can be approximately considered and do not sent out
Therefore raw displacement need to only measure the relative displacement that measuring point goes out between rock stratum and bottom hole you can get it the position of the neighbouring rock stratum of measuring point
It moves.The major advantage of this method is that being converted into linear displacement by sensor can automatic collection, processing and the telecommunications of operation
Number, and preserve in time, not only measuring accuracy is high, and be not easy to occur to identify during manual measurement measuring point difficulty and
Caused possible error.Moreover, measuring point acts on simultaneously with the strain gauge being fastened on hole wall rock stratum, achievable stress and position
While shifting, work continuously.If multiple same test devices are used in combination, the function of a hole multimetering can be realized.
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second and the like are used merely to a reality
Body or operation are distinguished with another entity or operation, are deposited without necessarily requiring or implying between these entities or operation
In any actual relationship or order or sequence.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to
Non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements is not only wanted including those
Element, but also including other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, article or equipment
Intrinsic element.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that
There is also other identical elements in process, method, article or equipment including the element.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although with reference to the foregoing embodiments
Invention is explained in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still can be to aforementioned each implementation
Technical solution documented by example is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And these modification or
Replacement, the spirit and scope for technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.
Claims (9)
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| CN110763287A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-02-07 | 盐城市兆泉项目管理有限公司 | Umbrella-shaped deep hole three-dimensional stress and displacement comprehensive testing device |
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