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CN101854260A - 具有基于控件通信隐喻的模式中立通信的系统和方法 - Google Patents

具有基于控件通信隐喻的模式中立通信的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN101854260A
CN101854260A CN201010194996A CN201010194996A CN101854260A CN 101854260 A CN101854260 A CN 101854260A CN 201010194996 A CN201010194996 A CN 201010194996A CN 201010194996 A CN201010194996 A CN 201010194996A CN 101854260 A CN101854260 A CN 101854260A
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communication
communication session
pattern
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比吉特·格佩特
法兰克·罗斯勒
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Avaya Inc
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Avaya Inc
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Abstract

本发明涉及具有基于控件通信隐喻的模式中立通信的系统和方法，公开了使用控件模式中立地管理通信模式的系统、方法及非临时性计算机可读存储介质。该方法包括：通过图形用户界面(GUI)呈现一组连接的图形元素，其表示至少包含两个通信用户的通信会话，其中表示用户的每个图形元素还包含指示用户连接细节的至少一个图形子元素；接收与该组连接的图形元素关联的用户输入，该用户输入具有与通信会话关联的动作；和基于接收的用户输入执行动作。图形子元素可以指示相关用户用来连接到通信会话的通信模式和/或相关用户的可用通信模式。图形子元素可以包括电话、手机、即时消息、照相机、摄像机、麦克风、文本消息、文档、耳机或者电子邮件图标。

Description

具有基于控件通信隐喻的模式中立通信的系统和方法
相关申请
本申请要求2009年3月30日提出的美国临时申请序列号61/164,753的优先权，在这里将其整体引入作为参考。
本申请涉及提出的代理人案卷号509022-US1(申请号___)，509022-US2(申请号__)，509022-US3(申请号__)，509022-US4(申请号__)，509022-US5(申请号__)，509048-US(申请号__)和509049-US(申请号__)，每一个都被引入作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及电信，并且更具体地涉及通过图形用户界面(GUI)显示和管理通信会话。通信会话可以多种模式存在，例如电话呼叫，通信会话，即时消息会话，电子邮件会话，视频会议会话，多媒体会话，等等。
背景技术
多年来，按键电话通过增加功能按钮和菜单而被补充。对于这些功能的界面已经从简单的按钮演进到由轨迹球、象限式指针等等驱动的分层菜单。由于功能数目的增加，界面增加了更多的按钮，序列，和/或按键的组合。随着变动的复杂度级别，这一功能的丰富导致了众多不同界面。用户经常死记硬背住按键特征，但是这并不总是实际或者可取的。最近，具有触敏显示的智能电话已经开始提供类似的功能。然而，在这样的设备上的触敏显示器通常重现特征按钮和菜单，尽管它们位于触敏显示器上。
进一步，用户正转移到其它的通信形式，例如文本消息，即时消息，电子邮件，聊天会话，视频会议等等。将处理这些通信模式的能力整合到传统电话中成倍增加了复杂度和困难度。本领域需要的是一个更加直观的通信管理界面。
发明内容
本发明的一个技术方案提供了一种使用控件模式中立地管理通信的计算机实现方法，该方法使计算设备执行多个步骤，所述步骤包含：通过图形用户界面呈现一组相连接的图形元素，所述一组相连接的图形元素表示包含至少两个通信用户的通信会话，其中表示用户的每个图形元素还包含指示用户通信细节的至少一个图形子元素；接收与所述一组相连接的图形元素关联的用户输入，该用户输入具有与所述通信会话关联的动作；以及基于接收的用户输入执行所述动作。
本发明的另一技术方案提供了一种使用控件模式中立地管理通信的系统，该系统包含以下部件：处理器；第一模块，该第一模块控制该处理器通过图形用户界面呈现一组相连接的图形元素，所述一组相连接的图形元素表示包含至少两个通信用户的通信会话，其中表示用户的每个图形元素还包含指示用户通信细节的至少一个图形子元素；第二模块，该第二模块控制该处理器接收与所述一组相连接的图形元素关联的用户输入，该用户输入具有与所述通信会话关联的动作；以及第三模块，该第三模块控制该处理器基于接收的用户输入执行所述动作。
附图说明
为了描述上面提及的模式和获得发明的其它优点和功能，将参照特定的实施例呈现上面简要描述的对原理的更详细描述，在附图中示出了这些实施例。应当理解这些附图描述只是发明的示范性实施例，因此不理解为对它们的范围的限制，通过附图的使用，使用附加的特征和细节描述和解释了这里的原理，其中：
图1示出了示例系统实施例；
图2说明通信会话的图形视图；
图3说明该通信会话的网络视图；
图4示出通信会话中用户的图形子元素；
图5示出用于图形子元素的另外的上下文敏感的菜单；
图6示出通信会话的第一备选图形视图；
图7示出通信会话的第二备选图形视图；
图8示出在图形用户界面(GUI)中图形子元素的一个示例应用；及
图9示出一个示例方法实施例。
具体实施方式
发明的各种实施例在下面被详细地讨论。虽然具体的实施被讨论，应当理解这样做只是为了说明的目的。相关领域的技术人员将会认识到可以使用其它的组件和配置，没有脱离本发明的精神和范围。
本发明针对本领域中对于改进的通信会话管理的需求。同伴案件(代理人案卷号509022US1；069-0011US1)公开了一个图形界面，其使一个用户能够建立与多个用户的通信会话，并且拆除通信会话或从中移除用户。公开了一种系统、方法和非临时性计算机可读介质，其在每一分别的实施例中涉及到基于具有通信相关的控件(widget)的图形用户界面迅速有效地管理各种类型的通信会话的图形用户界面。在系统实施例中，系统在图形用户界面上向用户显示表示一个特定的通信会话或者一组通信会话的结构的图形连接元素的集合。本发明集中于模式中立(mode-neutral)通信图形界面，其中通过用户图形化地向各个图标添加通信控件，通信会话参与者的图标或图像可以被连接。该通信控件可以涉及到各种通信模式，例如通过：电话、电话会议、视频会议、web会议、IM会话、电子邮件等等。通过管理界面中控件的使用，该通信模式也可以被删除、更改或以其他方式修改。一个简短的介绍性描述将参考图2被提供，后面是可用来实施这里公开的原理的图1中的基本通用系统或计算设备的讨论。然后是方法和图形界面的更详细的描述。
图2的图形界面200示出了具有以电话会议进行通信的三个用户的通信会话。界面200接收用户输入来管理该通信会话，该用户输入可以包括多模式用户输入。例如，电话会议中的用户可以执行拖放输入或者以其他方式移动和定位，来从联系人列表218中选择联系人并将该新联系人添加到通信会话。该系统接收这种输入并且自动地拨打该联系人的电话号码，并将他们添加到通信会话。可以通过将表示用户的所连接元素拖动到显示器上的垃圾箱220或表示将他们从通信会话中删除的其他图标或位置，而将用户从呼叫中删去。
通信会话也不知道通信模式。显示在图形界面上的通信会话中所连接用户的相同隐喻(metaphor)可以表示被叫/主叫用户，即时消息(IM)用户，电子邮件用户，通过视频会议连接的用户等等。图形元素的呈现，他们如何连接以及用户如何与元素交互，这些都根据通信会话的需要和当前的活动上下文而变化。例如，元素可以包括关于每个用户的文本，头衔，职位，数据，等等，并且用户间的连接隐喻还可以表示例如连接类型(电话，视频，web会议等)，连接质量(低频段，高频段等)，参与者与基本用户如何相关的层次结构(朋友，合伙人，熟人，不可信用户等)，连接的状态(活动，不活动，保持等)等等的信息。例如，用户可以选择联系人，然后使用同一类型的用户输入(拖放、轻弹、手势等)发起与联系人的任何通信模式。用户不需要知道或学习针对不同通信模式的不同输入机制。当各个实施例被阐述时，这些变型将在这里被讨论。现在本发明转向图1。
参照图1，示例系统100包括通用计算设备100，该设备包括处理单元(CPU或处理器)120和系统总线110，该总线将多种系统组件耦合到处理器120，所述系统组件包括系统存储器130，例如只读存储器(ROM)140和随机存取存储器(RAM)150。系统100可以包括由高速存储器构成的高速缓存122，其与处理器120直接连接，靠近，或者集成为处理器120的一部分。系统100从存储器130和/或存储设备160复制数据到高速缓存122，用于处理器120的快速访问。这样，高速缓存122提供了性能的提升，避免了处理器120在等待数据时的延迟。这些和其它的模块可被配置用来控制处理器120来执行各种动作。其它的系统存储器130也可以被使用。存储器130可以包括具有不同性能特征的多个不同类型的存储器。可以明白本发明可以在具有多于一个处理器120的计算设备100上操作或者在联网到一起的计算设备群组或集群上操作，以提供更大的处理能力。处理器120可以包括任何通用处理器和硬件模块或软件模块，例如存储在存储设备160中的模块1162，模块2164，和模块3166，配置来控制处理器120和专用处理器，在所述专用处理器中软件指令被包含在实际处理器的设计中。处理器120可以基本上是一个完全独用(self-contained)的计算系统，包括多个核心或处理器，总线，存储器控制器，高速缓存等。多核处理器可以是对称或非对称的。
系统总线110可以具有若干类型总线结构中的任何一个，包括存储器总线或存储器控制器，外围总线和使用各种不同体系总线结构中任一个的局部总线。基本输入/输出(BIOS)存储在ROM 140或类似存储器中，可以提供基本例程来帮助在计算设备100中的元件之间传送信息，例如启动期间。计算设备100进一步包括存储设备160，例如硬盘驱动器，磁盘驱动器，光盘驱动器，磁带驱动器等等。存储设备160可以包括软件模块162，164，166，用于控制处理器120。预期其它的硬件或软件模块。存储设备160通过驱动器接口连接到系统总线110上。驱动器和相关的计算机可读存储介质提供用于计算设备100的计算机可读指令，数据结构，程序模块和其它数据的非易失性存储。一方面，执行特定功能的硬件模块包括存储在与必要的硬件组件，例如处理器120，总线110，显示器170等等有关的非临时性计算机可读介质中来实现功能的软件组件。本领域技术人员知道基本的组件并且基于设备的类型可以预期适当的变型，例如设备100是否是小的手持计算设备，台式计算机，或计算机服务器。
尽管在这里示范性的实施例使用了硬盘160，但本领域技术人员应当明白，能够存储计算机可访问的数据的计算机可读介质的其它种类，例如磁带，闪存卡，数字多功能光盘，盒式磁盘，随机存取存储器(RAM)150，只读存储器(ROM)140，电缆或包括比特流的无线信号等，也可以被用在示范性操作环境中。非临时性计算机可读存储介质明确地排除例如能量，载波信号，电磁波和信号本身这样的介质。
为了实现用户与计算设备100之间的交互，输入设备190表示任何数目的输入机制，例如用于讲话的麦克风，用于手势或图形输入的触敏屏幕，键盘，鼠标，运动输入，语音等等。输出设备170也可以是本领域技术人员知道的许多输出机制中的一个或多个。如果该设备包括也接收触敏输入的图形显示器，那么输入设备190和输出设备170可以基本上是相同的元件或显示器。一些例子中，多模式系统使得用户能够提供多个类型的输入来与计算设备100通信。通信接口180总地支配和管理用户输入和系统输出。任何特定硬件布置上的操作是没有限制的，因而随着改进的硬件或固件布置的开发，这里的基本特征可以容易地取代它们。
为了清楚的说明，该示例系统实施例被呈现为包括独立的功能块，包括标记为“处理器”或者处理器120的功能块。这些块表示的功能可以通过使用共享或专用的硬件来提供，所述硬件包括但是不限于能够执行软件和诸如处理器120之类被专门构建来作为与在通用处理器上执行的软件的等同物而工作的硬件的硬件。例如，图1中呈现的一个或多个处理器的功能可以利用一个共享处理器或多个处理器来提供。(术语“处理器”不应当被解释为只涉及能够执行软件的硬件。)示例实施例可以包括微处理器和/或数字信号处理器(DSP)硬件，用于存储执行下面讨论的操作的软件的只读存储器(ROM)140，和用于存储结果的随机存取存储器(RAM)150。超大规模集成电路(VLSI)硬件实施例，以及结合通用DSP电路的定制VLSI电路也可被提供。
各实施例的逻辑操作可以如这样实施：(1)运行在一通用计算机中的可编程电路上的一系列计算机实施步骤，操作，或过程，(2)运行在专用可编程电路上的一系列计算机实施步骤，操作，或过程；和/或(3)可编程电路中的互连机器模块或程序引擎。图1中所示的系统100可以实现述及的方法的所有或部分，可以是述及系统的一部分，和/或可以根据述及的非临时性计算机可读存储介质中的指令来操作。这样的逻辑操作可被作为模块来实施，该模块被配置为控制处理器120根据模块的程序来执行特定的功能。例如，图1中说明的三个模块Mod1 162，Mod2 164和Mod3166是被配置来控制处理器120的模块。这些模块可被存储在存储设备160上和在运行时被加载到RAM 150或存储器130，或者可以象本领域知道的那样存储在其他的计算机可读存储单元中。
已经简要地讨论了示范性系统的实施例，本发明现在转向图2和其他的用于管理通信会话的界面的图形示图。系统100，例如在图1中描述的系统，可被配置来显示图形用户界面200，例如在图2中描述的界面，接收用于操控和管理通信会话的输入。一方面，系统100与通信设备交互来管理该通信会话，所述通信设备例如是电话，即时信使，个人或移动计算机或电子邮件设备。例如，用户可能有正与计算设备通信的桌上电话，该计算设备能够与该电话接口并呈现诸如图2中示出的显示，从而使用电话管理通信会话。将要讨论，用户可以识别要联系的人，然后使用相同模式发起任何类型的通信，以发起任何其它类型的通信。该系统在这个方面是不知道的。拖放，手势，敲击或这里描述的任何输入模式可被用来发起和建立电话呼叫，与一组个人的电信会议，IM或电子邮件会话等等。就会话控制而言，所有通信方式被相同地对待。例如，开始、结束、分割或合并通信会话，或添加/移除参与者，所有这些都可以在使用相似或相同的方式时被管理。不同输入的多种实例将连同应用图标208，210，212，214，216，220而被描述，但是任何输入模式可以被用于从事任何应用。
这种方法的一个好处在于系统可以添加另外的通信模式到正如图2中应用图标所表示的已有通信模式，关于怎样管理新通信的各种语义(semantics)将通过已有模式所利用的相同通信方式应用。例如，假设在任意应用图标上的拖放操作或者手势操作将它连接到特定联系人可以开始用户与该联系人的通信会话。系统可以加入新通信机制例如谷歌冲浪(Google Wave)服务(因而加入新应用图标)并使用与其他服务相同的管理方式(在谷歌冲浪图标上拖放或做手势)来实现该服务。
图2表示通信会话的第一图形视图。如图1所描述的系统100可以被配置为显示图形用户界面并接收用于操控通信会话的输入。在一方面，系统100与通信设备交互，所述通信设备例如是电话、即时信使、个人或移动计算机或者电子邮件设备。在另一个方面，系统100集成一个或多个通信设备的功能。系统100通过物理或屏幕键盘，鼠标，手写笔，触摸屏，语音命令，无接触手势，和/或单点触摸或多点触摸手势来接收输入。系统100还可以接收多模式输入。通信会话建立之前，系统100可以显示空白主页屏幕，其上示出表示通信应用的图形元素208，210，212，214，216，218和220。空白屏幕可以包括壁纸图像或其他图案。在一个变型中，系统100显示摘要或欢迎页，用于示出新闻的简短摘要，消息，联系人，即将到来的日历事件，和/或配置选项。在另一个变型中，系统100显示默认的输入机制，例如用于拨打电话号码的十键数字键盘。
显示屏200示出三个连接的图形元素202，204，206的通信会话。所显示的通信会话201表示实时通信。在这个实例中，该实时通信是弗兰克·格赖姆斯202，马克思·鲍威尔204和卡尔206之间的三方通信会话，由他们各自图标202，204，206之间的连线来示出。图2是从弗兰克·格赖姆斯的视角的电话会议的图形显示。稍后的附图将从其他参与者观看的角度示出相同的电话会议。
然而，通信会话的可视化和用户控制关于不同的通信方式是中立的，并对其中每一者都相同对待，甚至当用户试图加入通话或其他通信会话时也是如此。唯一的区别是用于特定方式的指示符，例如通信方式图标208、210、212、214、216。例如，在图2中如果卡尔通过IM而不是视频连接，则这只会导致模式图标从视频206b到IM的变化。
用户然后可以以相似的方式，增加另外的参与方到该通信会话中。用户可以通过以下方式从通信会话中移除参与者：拖动他们到一垃圾桶图标220，提供轻弹动作，点击与那个参与者相关的X，高亮显示参与者并摇动设备(如果该设备是具有加速计能力的移动设备的话)，或者点击物理或图形的断开连接按钮。一方面当该通信会话是经由电话的时，当用户挂断电话接收器时，系统100将参与者从通信会话中移除。当参与者离开通信会话时，系统100从该通信会话的图形表示中移除他们的图标。
图示的图形元素是图标，但是也可以包括图像，文本，视频，动画，声音，漫画和/或头像。例如，用户可以个性化他们自己的图形元素或者馈入来自照相机或摄像机的实况图像流。另外，图像元素可以具有相关的文本串202a，204a，206a。文本串可以包括姓名，头衔，职位，电话号码，电子邮件地址，当前状态，在场信息，位置和/或任何其它的可用信息。文本串可以与图形元素分离，但是与其相关，如图2中所示。或者，系统100可以将文本串覆盖在图形元素的上面，或者将文本整合为图形元素的一部分。文本和/或图形元素的全部或部分可以是到与用户有关的另外信息的超链接，该用户与该文本或图形元素相关联，所述另外信息例如是例如博客或微博，电子邮件地址，在场信息等等。该标识符202a、204a、206a也可以包括图形或图标，用于示出对于那个联系人的可用的通信模式(只有IM)，在场信息(在他们的办公室中，但是正在通话)或者时间安排信息(例如这个人有空/没空，但是在1个小时内有一个空闲机会)。图形形式的信息也可以包括本地时间，通信会话主持人所在时区的时间，和/或生物时间。这个信息可以帮助用户知道是否寻求与该联系人通信。也可以结合表示通信会话中实体的任何图标或图形而呈现这种信息。
系统100可以对于每个图标包括各自的图形子元素202b，204b，206b，用于指示对于每个参与者的通信模式。例如，马克思·鲍威尔204正通过即时消息(IM)客户端204b参与；弗兰克·格赖姆斯202正通过电话202b参与；卡尔正通过视频会议客户端206b参与。系统100是模式中立的，这意味着系统100相同地对待每个通信模式，例如电话，蜂窝电话，IP网络上的语音(VoIP)，即时消息，电子邮件，文本消息，屏幕共享，文件共享，应用程序共享，和视频会议。当用户从一个模式改变到另一个模式时，子元素可以相应地改变。例如，如果弗兰克·格赖姆斯202在会议中间从座机改变到蜂窝电话，则该电话图标202b可以改变为移动电话图标。
图形元素也可以通过改变类型，大小，颜色，边界，亮度，位置等等，传达关于电话会议的信息。例如，直线可以传达参与者之间的关系。用户可以手动地触发对于他们自己的图标或其他人的图标的改变，或者系统100可以检测改变事件，并且相应地改变图形元素。改变事件可以基于被联系方，上下文，角色，连接状态，和/或在场。例如，当一人正在讲话或键入文本消息时，系统100可以放大其图标。作为另外一个例子，系统100可以追踪电话会议中的每个人讲了多少，并且基于电话会议中的总讲话时间，上下移动图形元素。
在另一个变型中，系统100通过改变连接着图形元素202，204，206的链接的粗细，长度，颜色，类型和/或使链接运动，来修改链接。这些修改可以表示当前的活动参与方，共享的资源，活动的通信会话，保持的通信会话，静音的通信会话，未决的(pending)通信会话，正连接的通信会话的状态，多参与方的线路，侧边栏(sidebar)谈话，受监控的传输，不受监控的传输，选择性转发，通信会话的选择性拆散成为多个通信会话等等。
一方面，用户提供比如手势(比如拖放，使用触摸屏敲击和拖动，或者执行任何其它的指导性用户输入)的输入来操控和管理通信会话。例如，用户可以点击通话图标208，视频会议图标210，IM图标212，电子邮件图标214或社交媒介图标216来邀请其它的用户加入通信会话。用户可以拖动这些图标，将它们放在联系人或当前通信会话中的参与者上。例如，如果呼入的通信会话处于一种方式(例如IM)，则用户可以拖动该通话图标到该呼入通信会话上，从而接受该呼入通信会话但是将它从IM重协商(renegotiate)到通话。用户也可通过将合适的图标拖放到联系人上而发起通信会话。社交媒介包括网站，例如Facebook，Twitter，LinkedIn，MySpace等等。或者，用户可以浏览联系人列表218，然后拖放一期望的联系人来将期望的联系人增加到电话会议中。系统100然后以他们期望的模式，发送者喜欢的模式，基于在场信息的当前可用的模式，或者以参与者之间的共同可用的模式，自动地联系该人，并将该人加入到通信会话。系统100也可以显示其它的信息，例如日历，笔记，备忘录，个人在场信息和时间。系统100的显示可以是用户可配置的。通信会话201中每个参与者或联系人列表中的联系人可以具有多个相关的地址，电话号码或联系点，例如工作电话，家庭电话，移动电话，工作电子邮件，家庭电子邮件，AIM地址，Facebook聊天地址，等等，并且他们每个可以具有图标或修饰符，其不仅指示该参与方，而且还指示联系模式。
呼入通信会话图标可以闪亮，弹跳，跳动，生长，收缩，摇摆，改变颜色，发送声音报警(例如铃声)，和/或提供其它某种通知到该呼入会话的用户。用户可以以与其它的当前通信会话相同的模式与这个呼入的请求进行交互并操控之。系统100不区分活动的通信会话和表示呼入请求的通信会话。例如，用户可以将呼入呼叫拖放到通信会话上，来将该呼入呼叫直接添加到该通信会话。作为另一个例子，用户可以将呼入会话拖放到垃圾桶图标来进行忽略，在呼入会话上双击以将呼入的呼叫者(如果它是通话)发送到语音信箱，或者敲击和保持来将该呼叫者置于保持状态。
在一个方面，用户偏好指导着由图形元素和相关文本传送的信息的量和类型。用户的偏好可以从查看者的偏好和/或源端个人的偏好中提取。例如，查看者设置偏好来在可获得其他人的电子邮件地址时示出之，但是源端个人将偏好设置为从不共享电子邮件地址。该源端个人的偏好(或者信息“所有者”的偏好)可以超驰(override)第三方的偏好。
一种可能的用户输入是划分图2所示的通信会话。用户可以用鼠标拖动或者手指在触摸屏上画一条线，将该通信会话分成两组。然后系统100可以根据所述组，将该通信会话划分成两个单独并发的通信会话。一个方面，通信会话管理者可以在有限的时间期间将通信会话分开，之后通信会话被自动地合并在一起。例如，管理者可以说“A组，讨论策略A的优点和缺点。B组，讨论策略B的优点和缺点。五分钟后，我们将返回并且报告我们的讨论。”然后管理者画一条线或者以其他方式为分组会话选择组，并设置持续时间。当该通信会话被分开时，可以出现一对话框或图标，其呈现可用于管理该分开的选项。系统100划分该通信会话，并且在设定的持续时间之后重新组合它们。管理者可以指示其它的设置，例如在分组会话期间禁止组间的侧边栏谈话。管理者可以独立于分组会话，并且通过音频，摘要和/或实时文本来监控每个分组会话。
图2还示意了界面200，该界面可以接收和呈现新的通信模式，同时使得用户能够以与其他模式相同的通信方式管理新模式。假设除了针对通话208、视频210、IM 212、电子邮件214以及社交网络216而示出的实用图标以外，系统还将集成一种新通信模式。模式中立通信方式的一个优势在于系统可以实现一个新通信模式但是使用户能够在通信会话中通过应用与其他通信模式相同的输入方式控制和管理新模式。关于怎样开始或结束会话的GUI控制是相同的。系统100可以自动集成新模式的功能以使得能够使用用户熟悉的方式管理会话控制功能，例如会话的开始、结束、分割等等。
然后系统向用户呈现代表新模式的应用图标(没有在图2中示出)。然而，这时，用户不需要学习任何新管理方式但是可以维护关于会话控制的相同语义。相同的呼叫连接隐喻、控制按钮、手势、语音命令、颤动、设备摇动或者任意其他类型的用户输入操作将保持模式中立。所有这些输入方式都被重用(reuse)并针对通信或通信设备的另外模式而应用于界面中。
已经讨论了图2的多个变型，现在讨论转向通信会话的网络视图300，如图3所示。网络302连接多种通信设备304，306，308，310，312，并且设备到设备地传送信息。该电信网络可以是以下网络中的一个或组合：普通的老式电话服务(POTS)网络，异步传输模式(ATM)网络，综合业务数字网(ISDN)，帧中继网络，以太网，令牌环网，和任何其它合适的有线或无线网络。该网络可以包括一个或多个互连的节点314，316，318，320，这些节点执行连接和传输功能的全部或部分，该功能位于GUI上通信会话的图形表示的下层。这样的网络节点314，316，318，320可以执行网络302中的所有功能，或者与端用户的通信设备304，306，308，312联合操作来操控通信会话。
一方面，集中式实体控制该通信会话。该集中式实体可以驻留于该网络或经由该网络来通信。该集中式实体可以作为集中式企业智能服务器来操作。在另外一个方面，该通信会话的控制和功能被分布在网络或云中的多个服务器资源314，316，318，320之间。除了集中式智能和云中的分布式智能之外，网络302还可以利用在端点上具有智能的对等(peer-to-peer)方法来提供这个功能。一些变型包括在符合标准的服务器上提供标准化功能和在端点间分布非标准化功能。
每个通信设备的显示器示出相同通信会话的不同方面或视图。例如，设备304的显示器示出与图2中所示相同的相同参与者202，204，206的显示屏。设备306的显示器示出从设备306的视角，在通信会话的不同视图中的相同的参与者202，204，206。同样，设备308和312在不同的视图中示出相同的参与者202，204，206。在一个方面，移动设备308与无线发射器310相连以连接到网络。移动设备308可以生成其自己的通信会话视图，或者其可以生成另一设备的显示屏的完全相同的或伴生的视图。
图3也可示出一个人或实体的视图，该人或实体试图在通信会话中联系某人。例如，假设玛丽具有设备304，想要呼叫弗兰克202。如果她想要，如果被授予了许可，则可以向她呈现示出202，204，206的弗兰克的通信会话的视图。这可以提供给她关于通信类型，谁在通话，通话的主题等的不同级别的细节。以这种方式，可以给玛丽呈现选项，因为她现在具有这个知识。也许她可能想要IM或电子邮件，而不是通话。她可以请求加入这个电话会议。她可能想要发送消息给弗兰克202：她注意到他在通话中，并且他能否在一个小时内给她回话。给玛丽呈现她正在呼叫的那个人的通信会话在场状态的图形图像，这使得她可以应用更加有效的机制来确定在与弗兰克202的通信中，如何最好的采取下一个步骤。
图4示意了在显示器400上描述的通信会话用户的图形子元素。通信会话包括马克思·鲍威尔204、弗兰克·格赖姆斯202和卡尔206。一种类型的图形子元素表示当前通信方式。例如，用户可以通过敲击不同连接方式图标来改变他们自己的通信模式。这允许用户在会话中途手动无缝地从一个方式转换到另一个。例如，一个通过手机参与到通信会话的用户现在在一个网络摄像机(webcam)附近，则他可以拖动视频会议图标到通信会话上以从手机切换到视频会议。
例如，马克思·鲍威尔204现在正通过即时消息通信。弗兰克·格赖姆斯202现在正通过电话通信。卡尔206现在正通过视频会议通信。尽管图4将这些图形子元素显示为覆盖在个人头像左上角的小图标，但系统100可以用很多不同方法显示这些子元素。例如，系统100可以将通过即时消息来通信的用户的头像聚集到单个即时消息图标周围。系统100可以修改链接的粗细、颜色、长度、纹理、动画、装饰等等来代替或结合其他子元素。
除了当前通信方式图标以外，通信会话中每个参与者的图标还可以具有表示可用的和/或优选的通信方式的关联子图标或者子元素。例如，马克思·鲍威尔204包括电话子图标408、IM子图标410和电子邮件子图标412。弗兰克·格赖姆斯202包括电话子图标414、视频会议子图标416和社交媒介子图标418。卡尔206包括视频会议子图标420、IM子图标422和电子邮件子图标424。用户可以通过这些子图标或子元素与其他通信会话参与者交互。例如，为了与卡尔206建立侧边栏会话，马克思·鲍威尔204可以点击与卡尔206相关联的IM子图标422。用户可以修改通信会话中他或她自己的子图标集合。例如，弗兰克·格赖姆斯202可以将社交媒介子图标418拖出去以从子图标组里移除它。或者，弗兰克·格赖姆斯202可以在保持连接到通信会话时点击视频会议子图标416以从电话连接改变为视频会议连接。
有些情况下，子图标可以表示功能的多个相关方面。图5示出了图形子元素另外的上下文敏感(context-sensitive)菜单的显示屏500。用户可以通过在子图标上敲击并保持、双击、在子图标上方挥击(swipe)、右击子图标、悬停光标在子图标上等等访问这些上下文敏感菜单。系统100可以基于输入类型、通信会话当前状态、哪个用户点击子图标和/或其他相关信息生成上下文敏感菜单。例如，如果马克思·鲍威尔204点击电子邮件子图标504，则系统100可以显示上下文敏感菜单506以通过电子邮件发送通信会话的转录(transcription)、从IM切换到电子邮件、创建新的基于电子邮件的通信会话或者其他选项。然而，如果弗兰克·格赖姆斯点击了与马克思·鲍威尔相关的同一电子邮件子图标504，则系统100可以在上下文敏感菜单中生成一组不同的选项。系统100可以通过自动语音识别(ASR)将来自电话呼叫的音频转码到用于文本消息会话的文本，并且可以通过文本到语音(TTS)而沿另一方向转换。这样，马克思204可以通过IM与弗兰克202和卡尔206在同一会话中但在不同模式下通信。这些区别可以视觉地显示在会话显示屏上。
无论每个参与者的偏好如何，显示屏500对于所有可用方式可包括与任意参与者无关的另外的子图标。用户可以从另外的子图标中拖动子图标到用户来请求通过非当前优选或可用的通信方式交互。例如，马克思·鲍威尔的204图标没有关联的用于视频会议的子图标。弗兰克·格赖姆斯可以从另外的子图标中拖动视频会议子图标到马克思·鲍威尔204以请求视频会议。
图6示意了具有通信会话图形视图的第一可选用户界面600。用户界面600包括通信会话视图602和用于操控一个或者多个通信会话604的各种控制元素，例如通信方式按钮614、通信连接控制按钮616、联系人目录618以及公共动作按钮620。“音乐保持”、“录音”和“语音到语音翻译”是一些举例的公共动作按钮620。这个配置是示范性的。其他配置可包括在不同方式下排列的更多或更少的元素。
通信会话视图602描绘了具有三个参与者约翰606、莫伊608和卡利610的通信会话604。在这个例子里，通信会话视图602包括链接参与者的中心枢纽或者会话管理器612。每个参与者的图标可以具有表示可用的或当前使用的通信方式的一组关联图标。例如，约翰606有移动电话图标606a和网络摄像机图标606b。莫伊608有网络摄像机图标608a、电话图标608b和计算机图标608c。卡利610有电话图标610a、计算机图标610b和网络摄像机图标610c。用户可以从用户界面600的各个部分拖放图形元素来执行动作，例如添加参与者到通信会话604、创建新通信会话、终止通信会话、划分通信会话、共享信息等等。
图7示意了通信会话的第二可选图形视图。用户界面700呈现与图6非常不同的排列，但是本质上示出相同的信息。用户界面700包括通信会话视图702和用于操控一个或多个通信会话704的各种控制元素，例如通信方式按钮714，基本输入/输出按钮716，联系人目录718，和公共动作按钮720。这个配置也是示范性的。通信会话视图702描述了具有三个参与者约翰706，莫伊708和卡利710的通信会话704。在该配置中，通信会话没有显示为链接的图标，而是显示为一组占用共享区域的矩形。在这个例子中，通信会话视图702不包括中心网络枢纽或会话管理器的图形描述。每个参与者的矩形可以包括一组表示可用的或当前使用的通信方式的关联图标。例如，约翰706有蜂窝电话图标706a和网络摄像机图标706b。莫伊708有电话图标708a，网络摄像机图标708b和计算机图标708c。卡利710有电话图标710a，网络摄像机图标710b和计算机图标710c。用户可以从用户界面700的各个部分拖放图形元素来执行动作，如添加参与者到通信会话704，建立新的通信会话，终止通信会话，划分通信会话，共享信息等等。
用户可以通过通信方式按钮714操控自身和他人的通信方式。例如，用户可以点击和拖动或以其他方式移动任何一个通信方式按钮714到参与者图标之上，如约翰706。该动作能够触发系统100转换到所指示的通信方式或询问约翰706他是否愿意改变到所指示的通信方式。
基本输入/输出按钮716给用户提供操控通信会话，建立新的通信会话或简单地回答系统询问的基本功能。例如，如果用户想将新的参与者添加到通信会话，则用户可以点击“新建”按钮。系统100给用户呈现对话以确定哪个联系人添加到通信会话中，并呈现确认对话如“你确定么？”。然后用户可以敲击“OK”按钮来确认，之后系统100添加选择的联系人作为新的参与者。
图8示出了图形用户界面(GUI)中子元素的一个示例应用。这个例子示出了具有两个参与者802、804的通信会话800。示出通信会话800的GUI包括通信会话枢纽或会话管理器的图形表示806。每个参与者的图标经由表示不同的可用的、优选的或当前使用的通信方式的多条线，连接到通信会话枢纽806。例如，参与者802通过三条线：电话线808，视频会议线810和即时消息线812连接到通信会话枢纽806。参与者804通过两条线：电话线814和文本消息线816，连接到通信会话枢纽806。
用户可以单击和拖动各条线到其他联系人上面以建立另外的通信会话。例如，如果参与者802，804是具有更多参与者的更大通信会话的一部分，则参与者802可以通过拖动IM线812并将其直接放在参与者804上而建立与参与者804的侧边栏。然后为了终止侧边栏，参与者804能够将IM线812拖回到通信会话枢纽806。
在另一方面，通信会话包括用于每个参与者的多个方式。例如，通信会话可以是一个视频会议，其中所有的参与者都有视频流(如果摄像机可用的话)，一个或多个参与者有音频流(如果麦克风可用的话)，并且会话包括在视频流下的基于文本的聊天。在这个例子中，在图形表示中的每个参与者通过一个、两个或三个表示实际通信方式的图形链接连接到通信会话。用户可以单独控制(例如终止、添加、静音、暂停等等)到通信会话的每一个方式的单独链接。例如，参与者802可以暂停通过枢纽806馈送视频流到其他参与者804的视频会议链接810但仍保持其他两个方式：电话808和IM 812。参与者802可以随后恢复视频会议链接810。
本发明现在转到如图9所示的示范性的方法实施例。为了清晰的缘故，该方法根据例如图1所示的配置为实践该方法的示范性系统进行讨论。图2和图4-图8示出了用于图9所公开的方法的示范性图形界面。
图9示出使用图形用户界面(GUI)控件模式中立地管理通信的方法实施例。系统100通过GUI呈现一组相连接的图形元素以代表包含至少两个通信用户的通信会话的结构，其中表示用户的每个图形元素进一步包含指示用户通信细节的至少一个图形子元素(902)。图形子元素或者通信控件可指示一个通信模式，关联的用户通过该通信模式连接到通信会话。图形子元素也可指示用于关联用户的可用通信模式。一些例子图形子元素包括电话图标、手机图标、即时消息图标、照相机图标、摄像机图标、麦克风、文本消息图标、文档图标、耳机图标以及电子邮件图标。线、形状、邻近、共同形状、共同颜色和共同外观的一个或多个可以连接GUI中相连接的图形元素。一方面，系统100基于用户通信细节的变化动态更新图形子元素。例如，如果用户从即时消息转换为视频会议，则系统100可以更新他们各自的子图标以反映此转换。
系统100接收与该组相连接的图形元素关联的用户输入，该用户输入有和通信会话关联的动作(904)。用户输入可以是鼠标的点击、手指在触摸屏上的敲击、或者任意其他合适的输入。用户可以点击、拖动、释放以及以其他方式移动和定位图标作为用户输入。
以下提供一个模式中立地应用用户控制元素的例子。例如，在图7所示的显示器中包括OK、取消、撤销(左箭头)以及重复(右箭头)按钮作为部分基本输入/输出按钮716，其允许用户在一系列步骤中编辑呼叫连接图形然后在用户使用“OK”按钮确认之后立即执行所有动作。“取消”和“撤销”/“重复”允许用户在任意动作被执行之前做更正。例如，用户可以首先添加莱因哈德到已存在的音频会话，然后大卫，然后JC。在按下“OK”按钮以后，系统100同时拨出到这三个参与者。用户可以使用相似的步骤序列去添加三个新参与者到已存在的IM会话。在模式中立GUI的这个例子中的唯一区别是，为扩展音频会话，用于新参与者的释放目标是参与者窗口中的音频图标，而为了扩展IM会话，释放目标是IM图标。在另外一个变型中，用户简单地拖动所有希望的个人的图标到通用的通信会话图标中。系统100确定对所有希望的个人共同的方式并以该共同方式联系每一个个人。
系统100基于接收到的用户输入执行动作(906)。系统100也可接收指示特定图形子元素的第一用户输入，基于该特定图形子元素和它各自的关联用户来显示选项菜单，接收从选项菜单中选择选项的第二用户输入，并基于第二用户输入操控通信会话。在一个实例中，系统100通过创建单独的通信会话来操控通信会话，但是其他动作可能和本发明一致。
基于本申请可理解的是，就会话控制而言，界面将所有的通信方式完全相同地对待。例如，正如在此讨论的，任意模式或类型的通信会话可以用相同的用户输入方式来控制和管理。这样，如果通信会话开始、结束、分割或如果参与者被添加或移除，则相同的通信方式(拖放、语音、手势输入、敲击等)跨越不同的通信模式执行相同功能。可以使用与将有四个参与者的电话会议分割为两个各两人的单独会议相同的形式，将有四个参与者的一个IM聊天会话分割成为有两个IM聊天参与者的两个会话。通信会话可以是视频会议或者通过网络进行的屏幕共享会话。关于会话控制的用户操作是相同的。
这样，在图2和图4-图8中所示的界面可以在允许用户利用与其他模式相同的通信方式管理新通信模式的同时轻松地支持新模式。例如，如果除了如图2所示的通话、视频、IM、电子邮件和社交以外，系统还将要集成一个新通信模式例如谷歌冲浪(Google wave)，那么GUI控制将是相同的。系统100可以接收新模式并执行一个集成处理来允许新模式下的通信会话控制(例如会话的开始、结束、分割等)。然后系统向用户呈现表示新模式的应用图标。然而，此时，用户不需要学习任何新管理方式而是可以保持关于会话控制的相同语义。相同的呼叫连接隐喻、控制按钮、手势、语音命令、闪烁移动、设备摇动或者任何其他类型的用户输入操作将保持模式中立。所有这些输入方式都被重用(reuse)并应用于界面中，以用于通信或通信设备的另外模式。
本发明范围内的实施例也可以包括有形的和/或非临时性的计算机可读存储介质，用于承载或者具有存储在其上的计算机可执行指令或者数据结构。这样的非临时性计算机可读存储介质可以是任何可用的介质，其可以被通用或专用的计算机访问，包括上面讨论的任何专用处理器的功能性设计。通过举例的方式，并且不做限制，这样的非临时性计算机可读介质可以包括RAM、ROM、EEPROM、CD-ROM或者其它的光盘存储、磁盘存储或者其它的磁存储设备，或者任何其它的可被用于承载或存储计算机可执行指令、数据结构或处理器芯片设计形式的所需程序码装置的介质。当信息在网络上或者另外的通信连接(硬连线，无线，或者及其组合)上被传送或提供给一个计算机时，该计算机适当地认为该连接是计算机可读介质。这样，任何这种连接适当地被称为计算机可读介质。上面的组合也应当包括在计算机可读介质的范围内。
计算机可执行指令例如包括导致通用计算机，专用计算机，或专用处理设备执行某一功能或功能组的指令和数据。计算机可执行指令也包括在单机或网络环境中，由计算机执行的程序模块。一般地，程序模块包括例程、程序、组件、数据结构、对象和专用处理器的设计中的内在功能等，它们执行特定的任务或者实施特定的抽象的数据类型。计算机可执行指令，相关的数据结构和程序模块表示用于执行这里公开的方法的步骤的程序码装置的实例。这种可执行指令或相关数据结构的特定序列表示相应的动作，这些动作用于执行在这些步骤中描述的功能。
本领域技术人员将会明白本发明的其它实施例可以在具有许多类型的计算机系统配置的网络计算环境中实施，所述计算机系统配置包括个人计算机，手持设备，多处理器系统，基于微处理器或可编程的消费类电子产品，网络个人计算机，小型机，大型计算机等。实施例也可以在分布式计算环境中实施，其中任务由通过通信网络链接(经由硬线链接，无线链接，或者经由它们的组合)的本地和远端的处理设备来实施。在分布式计算环境中，程序模块可以位于本地和远端的记忆存储设备中。
上面描述的不同实施例仅为了说明而提供，不应当被解释为对发明保护范围的限制。本领域的技术人员将很容易认识到，对这里描述的原理所做出的没有遵循对这里揭示和描述的实例实施例和应用的多种修改和改变没有背离本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种使用控件模式中立地管理通信的计算机实现方法，该方法使计算设备执行的步骤包含：
通过图形用户界面呈现一组相连接的图形元素，所述一组相连接的图形元素表示包含至少两个通信用户的通信会话，其中表示用户的每个图形元素还包含指示用户通信细节的至少一个图形子元素；
接收与所述一组相连接的图形元素关联的用户输入，该用户输入具有与所述通信会话关联的动作；以及
基于接收的用户输入执行所述动作。
2.如权利要求1中所述的计算机实现方法，其中图形子元素之一指示通信模式，相关用户通过所述通信模式连接到所述通信会话。
3.如权利要求1中所述的计算机实现方法，其中图形子元素至少之一指示相关用户的可用连接模式。
4.如权利要求1中所述的计算机实现方法，该方法使所述计算设备执行的步骤还包含：
接收指示特定图形子元素的第一用户输入；
基于所述特定图形子元素和它相应的相关用户来显示选项菜单；
接收从所述选项菜单中选择选项的第二用户输入；以及
基于所述第二用户输入操控所述通信会话。
5.如权利要求4中所述的计算机实现方法，其中操控所述通信会话包含创建单独的通信会话。
6.如权利要求1中所述的计算机实现方法，其中所述图形用户界面通过模式中立用户控制元素、模式中立按钮以及模式中立手势中至少之一接受输入。
7.一种使用控件模式中立地管理通信的系统，该系统包含：
处理器；
第一模块，该第一模块控制该处理器通过图形用户界面呈现一组相连接的图形元素，所述一组相连接的图形元素表示包含至少两个通信用户的通信会话，其中表示用户的每个图形元素还包含指示用户通信细节的至少一个图形子元素；
第二模块，该第二模块控制该处理器接收与所述一组相连接的图形元素关联的用户输入，该用户输入具有与所述通信会话关联的动作；以及
第三模块，该第三模块控制该处理器基于接收的用户输入执行所述动作。
8.如权利要求7的系统，其中图形子元素至少之一指示相关用户的可用通信模式。
9.如权利要求7的系统，该系统还包含第四模块，该第四模块控制该处理器基于用户通信细节的改变动态地更新至少一个图形子元素。
10.一种存储指令的非临时性计算机可读存储介质，当其被计算设备执行时使该计算设备使用控件模式中立地管理通信，该指令包含：
通过图形用户界面呈现一组相连接的图形元素，所述一组相连接的图形元素表示包含至少两个通信用户的通信会话，其中表示用户的每个图形元素还包含指示用户通信细节的至少一个图形子元素；
接收与所述一组相连接的图形元素关联的用户输入，该用户输入具有与所述通信会话关联的动作；以及
基于接收的用户输入执行所述动作。
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